?? ??????

?? ??????
?? ?????? ;
???	????? ?????
???????	Harappan language
????? ?????	3500?1900 BCE
???? ?????	Inds, 610

?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ( ??????? : Indus script ) ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????.

????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ≪??????? ?????≫ ?? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ????? ???? S.R Rao ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ???? S.R Rao? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?????? cha, ya, ja, pa ?? sa ????? ?????.

?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??????????? ???? ≪?????????? ????????? ????≫ ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???. ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ≪????????≫ ??????? ?? ???? ????? aeka, dwi, tra, chatus, panta, happta/sapta, dasa, dvadasa, sata (1? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???). ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ≪?? ??????????≫ ???? ??????.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ David Whitehouse (May 4, 1999). " 'Earliest writing' found" . BBC News . Retrieved 2 September 2014 .
↑ "Evidence for Indus script dated to ca. 3500 BCE" . Retrieved 2 September 2014 .
↑ Edwin Bryant (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate . Oxford University. p. 178 .

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Indus script ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????.

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ?? ?????? ??? ???. ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ????.

[1] David Whitehouse (May 4, 1999). " 'Earliest writing' found" . BBC News . Retrieved 2 September 2014 .

[2] "Evidence for Indus script dated to ca. 3500 BCE" . Retrieved 2 September 2014 .

[3] Edwin Bryant (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate . Oxford University. p. 178 .

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