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?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???.

?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? " ????? ???? " ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ^[?]

??????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? (????)? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? (????)? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ^[?] ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ^[?]

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??. ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[?]

???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ^[?] ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ^[?] ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??. ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????. ^[??]

??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ^[??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Hymowitz; Weissman (1975). A History of Women in America. Bantam.
↑ Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002). Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-57356-148-8. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
↑ "The American Revolution" . www.nps.gov . Retrieved 2020-03-20 .
↑ "Black Philadelphians Defend their Voting Rights, 1838" . The American Yawp Reader (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2020-03-20 .
↑ ^??? ^??? Swinney, Everette (1962). "Enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment, 1870?1877". Journal of Southern History . 28#2 (2): 202?218. doi : 10.2307/2205188 . JSTOR 2205188 .
↑ Fremon, David (2000). The Jim Crow Laws and Racism in American History. Enslow. ISBN 0-7660-1297-2.
↑ Bruce Bartlett (January 8, 2008). Wrong on Race: The Democratic Party's Buried Past. St. Martin's Press. pp. 24?. ISBN 978-0-230-61138-2.
↑ Gordon, Ann D. (1997). African American Women and the Vote 1837-1965. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 2, 27. ISBN 1-55849-058-2.
↑ Giddings, Paula J. (1984). Where and When I Enter... The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: William Morrow. pp. 64?83. ISBN 0-688-01943-9.
↑ Jones, Martha S. (2020). Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-1-5416-1861-9.
↑ Royster, Briana Adline (2019). "Biographical Sketch of Indiana T. Little" . search.alexanderstreet.com . Alexander Street. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021 . Retrieved 2021-12-08 .

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

"How the Suffrage Movement Betrayed Black Women" .
"How Black Suffragists Fought for the Right to Vote and a Modicum of Respect" . {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
"Votes for Women means Votes for Black Women" .
"Weekend Read: Challenging the whitewashed history of women's suffrage" .
"The 19th Amendment Only Really Helped White Women" . August 16, 2019.

[1] Hymowitz; Weissman (1975). A History of Women in America. Bantam.

[2] Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002). Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-57356-148-8. Retrieved March 25, 2010.

[3] "The American Revolution" . www.nps.gov . Retrieved 2020-03-20 .

[4] "Black Philadelphians Defend their Voting Rights, 1838" . The American Yawp Reader (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2020-03-20 .

[Swinney-5] ??? ^??? Swinney, Everette (1962). "Enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment, 1870?1877". Journal of Southern History . 28#2 (2): 202?218. doi : 10.2307/2205188 . JSTOR 2205188 .

[fremon-6] Fremon, David (2000). The Jim Crow Laws and Racism in American History. Enslow. ISBN 0-7660-1297-2.

[Bartlett2008-7] Bruce Bartlett (January 8, 2008). Wrong on Race: The Democratic Party's Buried Past. St. Martin's Press. pp. 24?. ISBN 978-0-230-61138-2.

[8] Gordon, Ann D. (1997). African American Women and the Vote 1837-1965. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 2, 27. ISBN 1-55849-058-2.

[9] Giddings, Paula J. (1984). Where and When I Enter... The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: William Morrow. pp. 64?83. ISBN 0-688-01943-9.

[10] Jones, Martha S. (2020). Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-1-5416-1861-9.

[11] Royster, Briana Adline (2019). "Biographical Sketch of Indiana T. Little" . search.alexanderstreet.com . Alexander Street. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021 . Retrieved 2021-12-08 .

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