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?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????

???? ????? ???? ( ??????? : Free Speech Movement ) ?? (FSM) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[?]^[?]^[?] ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??: ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ??????.

?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????. ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ????????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???. ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ???? ???? ????? ????????.

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?? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????. ^[?] ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ≪????? ???????≫ ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ^[?] ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????.

?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????.

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??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??. ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??. ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???. ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ^[?] ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????. ^[?] ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???. ≪???????? ?????≫ ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ^[?] ????.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑
Sources :
- "Berkeley FSM | Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary" . fsm.berkeley.edu . Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
- "The Free Speech Movement" . Calisphere (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
- "Free Speech Movement Archives" . www.fsm-a.org . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
- "Days of Cal | Berkeley in the 60s" . bancroft.berkeley.edu . Archived from the original on 14 January 2013 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
- "Unforgettable Change: 1960s: Free Speech Movement & The New American Left | Picture This" . picturethis.museumca.org (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
↑
Sources :
- "Berkeley FSM | Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary" . fsm.berkeley.edu (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
- "The Free Speech Movement" . Calisphere (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
- "Who Was Mario? :: Mario Savio Memorial Lecture Fund" . www.savio.org . Archived from the original on 16 July 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
↑ "Notable Bios | Berkeley FSM" . fsm.berkeley.edu (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 6 September 2020 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .
↑ Holz, Dayna. "SLATE History" . SLATE Archives . Retrieved 2016-08-20 .
↑ "Hearing echoes of Berkeley in student activism today" . PBS. October 16, 2014.
↑ ^??? ^??? "Sixties Protest" . uic.edu .
↑ Lovio, Grace (August 28, 2013). " 'Berkeley in the Sixties' aims to affect the present" . The Daily Californian . Archived from the original on 23 August 2020 . Retrieved 16 February 2021 .

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Free Speech Movement ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ? ?? ????.

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

articles by Jo Freeman on social protest at Berkeley [?]
documents from SLATE ? the UC Berkeley student political party (1958?1966) and the first of the student organizations in the rising New Left and student movements [?]
John Searle account of FSM; some photos on John Searle 's site.
"People's History of Berkeley" ? extensive history at the Barrington Collective's Wiki
Online Sound Recordings from the Free Speech Movement ? UC Berkeley Library
Free Speech Movement Archives
Free Speech Movement Digital Archives from UC Berkeley
[?] Free Speech Movement Photograph Gallery 1964?1965 by Student & Chief Photographer of The Daily Californian Ron Enfield ? includes the iconic photograph of the Free Speech Movements student march through the college gates and photographs of Mario Savio, Joan Baez, Phil Ochs, and more.
FSM@40: Free Speech in a Dangerous Time
Text, Audio, Video of Mario Savio's Sproul Hall Sit-in Address delivered 2 December 1964
"Berkeley in the '60s"
Photos taken in Sproul Hall during the sit in, including the police take-over of the building
California State Senator John F. McCarthy's speech 'The Situation at the Universities' to the Commonwealth Club of California
Former Chancellor Edward Strong's speech 'What's Ahead for the University' to the Commonwealth Club of California
Chancellor Roger W. Heyn's speech 'University Tradition and Social Change' to the Commonwealth Club of California
Photos of the Free Speech Movement on Calisphere
Guide to the Free Speech Movement Participants Papers, 1959-1997 (bulk 1964-1972) at The Bancroft Library

[1] Sources :
"Berkeley FSM | Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary" . fsm.berkeley.edu . Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

"The Free Speech Movement" . Calisphere (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

"Free Speech Movement Archives" . www.fsm-a.org . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

"Days of Cal | Berkeley in the 60s" . bancroft.berkeley.edu . Archived from the original on 14 January 2013 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

"Unforgettable Change: 1960s: Free Speech Movement & The New American Left | Picture This" . picturethis.museumca.org (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[2] "Berkeley FSM | Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary" . fsm.berkeley.edu . Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[3] "The Free Speech Movement" . Calisphere (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[4] "Free Speech Movement Archives" . www.fsm-a.org . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[5] "Days of Cal | Berkeley in the 60s" . bancroft.berkeley.edu . Archived from the original on 14 January 2013 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[6] "Unforgettable Change: 1960s: Free Speech Movement & The New American Left | Picture This" . picturethis.museumca.org (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[2] Sources :
"Berkeley FSM | Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary" . fsm.berkeley.edu (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

"The Free Speech Movement" . Calisphere (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

"Who Was Mario? :: Mario Savio Memorial Lecture Fund" . www.savio.org . Archived from the original on 16 July 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[8] "Berkeley FSM | Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary" . fsm.berkeley.edu (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[9] "The Free Speech Movement" . Calisphere (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[10] "Who Was Mario? :: Mario Savio Memorial Lecture Fund" . www.savio.org . Archived from the original on 16 July 2017 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[3] "Notable Bios | Berkeley FSM" . fsm.berkeley.edu (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 6 September 2020 . Retrieved 2017-08-18 .

[4] Holz, Dayna. "SLATE History" . SLATE Archives . Retrieved 2016-08-20 .

[5] "Hearing echoes of Berkeley in student activism today" . PBS. October 16, 2014.

[uic.edu-6] ??? ^??? "Sixties Protest" . uic.edu .

[berk1960s-7] Lovio, Grace (August 28, 2013). " 'Berkeley in the Sixties' aims to affect the present" . The Daily Californian . Archived from the original on 23 August 2020 . Retrieved 16 February 2021 .

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