??? ???

??? ???
??? ???
????	???? ? ????? ????? ? ???
??????	??°??′??″ ????? ??°??′??″ ???? ? / ? ????????° ????? ????????° ????
?????? ???	?? ??? (??? ???)
?????????	?????????
?????	???? ??????
???(???) ??????	?????? ???????
?????????????	??? ?????? (in ????)
	?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? (???)
???? ????? ????? ??????
????? ???	Cultural: i
?????? ???	???
????? ???	????

??? ??? (?? ???? : ??? ??? ) ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????. ^[?] ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??. ^[?]?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ^[?]^[?] ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????. ^[?]

???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ???????) ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ???????) ????? ???????. ^[?] ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ≪????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????≫ ?? ??? ????. ^[?]

?????? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ???. ^[??]^[??] ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ^[??] ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ^[??] ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???. ^[??]

?????? ? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? (?????? ????? ?? ?????? )? ^[??] ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????. ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[??]

????? [ ?????? ]

????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ^[??]

????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? (??? ???) ??? ????. ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???. ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????. ^[??]

???????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? (??? ???) ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???. ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. ^[??] ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????. ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ???. ^[??] ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????. ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ???????. ^[??] ???? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???????. ^[??]

????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ??. ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ^[??]

???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? (??? ???) ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ^[??] ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ^[??] ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????. ^[??]^[??]

??????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]

????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???. ^[??] ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ≪????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????≫ ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ^[??] ??????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ^[??] ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???. ^[??]^[??]

?????? ? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????. ^[??] ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ????. ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????. ^[??] ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ^[??]^[??]

??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????. ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???. ?????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???? ???????. ^[??]

??????? ????? [ ?????? ]

????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????. ???????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ? ??????? ????? ???????. ^[??] ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????. ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? (?? ???) ?????? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[??] ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???. ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???. ^[??]

?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? (? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ????) ???? ?????????. ???? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ???????. ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ? ????? ????? ??????????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ?????????????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ^[??]

?????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ≪?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???≫ ???. ^[??]

??? [ ?????? ]

??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? (??? ???) ???? ????. ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ^[??]

????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????????? ???????. ^[??] ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????. ^[??]

???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????????. ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????????. ^[??] ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ^[??] ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???. ^[??] ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ? ??? ??. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ^[??] ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????. ^[??]

???? ????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???. ^[??]

??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???. ^[??]^[??]

?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ???? ???. ???? ???? ?? ???? ???. ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????. ^[??] ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???. ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ???. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ^[??]

?????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ??? [ ?????? ]

??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ^[??] ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??.

?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? (??????? ???? ?? ????) ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????????. ^[?]

????? ? ???? ??? ??? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????

?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[?] ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????.

???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????. ^[??]

?? ???? ???????? ???????? ≪???? ???≫? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????. ^[??]

????? ??? ??? [ ?????? ]

??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? (?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????) ??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????: ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ...

???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???:

???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?) ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ???? ??? ????
??? ???? ???
??? ????????? ????? ????? ???????
????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???

???????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ≪???? ???≫ ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????
?????? ????
??? ???
??????? ????
???? ?????? ???? ????
??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????
??? ???

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ DuTemple 2003 , p. 32.
↑ Archaeological Survey of 2015 .
↑ ????????? ????? - ? ????? ????
↑ ≪??? ???≫ ??????????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine ? ???????????? ???? ?????? .
↑ "History of the Taj Mahal Agra" (?? ???????). agrahub. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 . Retrieved 7 ???? 1387 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |????? ??????= ( help )
↑ ≪????? ?????? = ? ???? ????≫ . iran??. ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}
↑ ≪??????? ?????? (?? ????? ? ?????) ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? | ???????? ??????. ????? ????≫ . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? ??????? ???? ????????
↑ "Taj Mahal" . Wikipedia (?? ???????). 2019-03-06.
↑ Asher 1992 , p. 210.
↑ Taj Mahal .
↑ Sarkar 1919 , pp. 30, 31.
↑ ^???? ^???? Creation History of .
↑ Chaghtai 1938 , p. 46.
↑ Chaghtai 1938 , p. 146.
↑ Copplestone 1963 , p. 166.
↑ Taj Mahal Mausoleum .
↑ ASI .
↑ Onion domes, bulbous .
↑ Ahuja & Rajani 2016 , pp. 996?997.
↑ ‘ Taj!’ EXTERIORS .
↑ Bloom 2009 , p. 32.
↑ Tillotson 1990 .
↑ Al? J?v?d 2008 , p. 118.
↑ Tillotson 2008 , p. 59.
↑ Maheshwari 1996 , p. 58.
↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica Company 1911 , p. 501.
↑ Taj Mahal Calligraphy .
↑ Koch 2006 , p. 100.
↑ Begley 2011 , p. 923?924.
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? Anon .
↑ Visiting Taj - .
↑ Hauck 2008 , p. 226.
↑ Khan 1984 , p. 144.
↑ Nath 1969 , p. 134-136.
↑ "tracery | Definition & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-07-05 .
↑ Toth 1975 , p. 273.
↑ Janick 2010 , p. 31.
↑ Economic times article .
↑ ^???? ^???? Khatri 2012 , p. 128.
↑ Al? J?v?d 2008 , p. 309.
↑ Taj.net .
↑ Begley 1979 , p. 14.
↑ Plants growing throughout .
↑ Hein 2009 , p. 10.
↑ Wright 2000 .
↑ Allan 1958 , p. 318.
↑ Dunn 2007 .
↑ Royals 1996 , p. 7.
↑ Koch 2006 , p. 139.
↑ Thetajindia.weebly.com .
↑ Ching 2007 , p. 524.
↑ Meri 2006 , p. 793.
↑ "Taj Mahal | Definition, Story, History, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-07-15 .
↑ UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Taj Mahal (engl.), 30. Apr. 2006
↑ ^???? ^???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???

????? [ ?????? ]

???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ???
[?]
???????? ???? ???? (??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????) ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? (????).
- ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1393 [?] ???? ???? ? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????.
????? ?????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????: ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???
W. E. Begley [Hrsg.]: Taj Mahal. The Illumined Tomb . The Aga Khan Programm for Islamic Architecture, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Te
??????? ?????? (?? ????? ? ?????) ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? [?] https://web.archive.org/web/20181008115603/

"How Acid Rain Works" . HowStuffWorks . 5 August 2007 . Retrieved 16 January 2019 .
Asher, Catherine B. (1992). Architecture of Mughal India . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26728-1 .
"ASI" . Archived from the original on 15 February 2015 . Retrieved 4 March 2015 .
Ahuja, Dilip R.; Rajani, M.B. (2016). "On the symmetry of the central dome of the Taj Mahal" (PDF) . Current Science . 110 (6): 996?997.
Ahmed, Akbar S. (1998). Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World . I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-380-3 .
Allan, John (1958). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (First ed.). Cambridge: S. Chand, 288 pages.
Al? J?v?d, Tabassum Javeed (2008). World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 . Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-483-9 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2018.
Anon. "The Taj mahal" . Islamic architecture . Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Archaeological Survey of India: Night Viewings of Taj Mahal" . Asi.nic.in. 28 ?????? 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Archaeological Survey of India Agra working on compiling visual archives on Taj Mahal" . The Economic Times . 29 November 2015 . Retrieved 16 January 2016 .
"BBC, Taj Mahal" . Archived from the original on 26 April 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
Begley, Wayne E. (March 1979). "The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of Its Symbolic Meaning" . The Art Bulletin . 61 (1): 14. doi : 10.2307/3049862 .
"BJP's Vinay Katiyar now calls Taj Mahal a Hindu temple ? a 'bee in bonnet' theory that Supreme Court once rejected" . India Today .
Carroll, David (1973). The Taj Mahal . Newsweek. ISBN 978-0-88225-024-3 . Archived from the original on 4 July 2014.
Chaghtai, Muhammad Abdulla (1938). Le Tadj Mahal d'Agra (Inde), histoire et description comprenant en appendice le texte d'un ms. persan sur le Tadj provenant de la Bibliotheque nationale a Paris: these pour le doctorat d'Universite presentee a la Faculte des lettres de l'Universite de Paris, par Muhammad Abdulla Chaghtai (Thesis). Editions de la Connaissance.
Copplestone, Trewin (1963). World architecture: an illustrated history from earliest times . Crescent Books. ISBN 978-0-517-35148-2 .
"Creation History of Taj Mahal" . Archived from the original on 6 June 2017 . Retrieved 19 October 2017 .
Dixon, Jack S. (1987). "The Veroneo controversy". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History . 15 (2): 170. doi : 10.1080/03086538708582735 .
Dunn, Jerry Camarillo Jr. (2007). "HowStuffWorks: The Taj Mahal" . Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. {{ cite web }}: ??????? CS1: ??????? ????? ref ( link )
DuTemple, Lesley A. (2003). The Taj Mahal . Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-0-8225-4694-8 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2018 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Economic times article" . Retrieved 5 May 2015 .
Gascoigne, Bamber (1971). The great Moghuls . Cape.
Havel, E.B. (1913). Indian Architecture: Its Psychology, Structure and History , John Murray.
"India Taj Mahal minarets damaged in storm" .
"Is Taj Mahal a mausoleum or a Shiva temple? CIC asks govt to clarify" . 10 August 2017 . Retrieved 16 January 2019 .
Khatri, Vikas (2012). Greatest Wonders of the World . V&S Publishers. ISBN 978-93-81588-30-7 .
Koch, Ebba (1997). "Mughal Palace Gardens from Babur to Shah Jahan (1526?1648)". Muqarnas . 14 : 143?165. JSTOR 1523242 .
Koch, Ebba (2006) [Aug 2006]. The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra (First ed.). Thames & Hudson Ltd. , 288 pages. ISBN 0-500-34209-1 .
Koch, Ebba (2006). The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra . Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-34209-1 .
"Onion domes, bulbous domes" . strombergarchitectural.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015 . Retrieved 4 March 2015 .
"Perils the Taj has faced" . The Tribune (Chandigarh) . 13 ????? 2003. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Plea to rewrite Taj history dismissed" . www.thehindu.com . Archived from the original on 14 December 2017 . Retrieved 16 January 2019 .
"The plants growing throughout the Taj Mahal complex" . India Tourism . indiatourism.ws. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 7 June 2017 .
Qureshi, Siraj (2017). "Another court petition challenges Taj Mahal's story as a symbol of love" . India Today . Retrieved 16 January 2019 . {{ cite web }}: ??????? CS1: ??????? ????? ref ( link )
Rosselli, John (1974). Lord William Bentinck: The Making of a Liberal Imperialist, 1774?1839 . University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02299-7 .
Royals, Sue (1996). Our Global Village ? India . India: Lorenz Educational Press. ISBN 978-1-4291-1107-2 . Archived from the original on 13 October 2015.
Sarkar, Jadunath (Sir) (1919). Studies in Mughal India . Calcutta M.C. Sarkar . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
"Scaffolding from NatGeo" . Archived from the original on 4 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Supreme Court Oppose" . Archived from the original on 4 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Taj Mahal Mausoleum from Britannica" . Archived from the original on 21 February 2015 . Retrieved 4 March 2015 .
"Taj Mahal could collapse within two to five years" . Fox News. 7 ????? 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Taj Mahal could collapse within five years because wooden foundations are rotting" . Daily Mail . 5 ????? 2011. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Taj Mahal part of an ancient temple: UP BJP chief" . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 8 December 2014 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Taj Mahal" . Treasures of the World . Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Taj Mahal Calligraphy" . Archived from the original on 1 December 2016.
"Taj.net" . Archived from the original on 28 April 2015 . Retrieved 5 May 2015 .
"Thetajindia.weebly.com" . Archived from the original on 4 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"Ticketing & Entry Fee of Top Monuments in Agra, Agra Monuments::Official WebSite of Taj Mahal-U.P.Tourism" . www.tajmahal.gov.in . Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 . Retrieved 28 June 2019 .
Tillotson, Giles Henry Rupert (1990). Mughal India . Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-87701-686-1 .
Tillotson, G. H. R (2008). Taj Mahal . Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03186-9 .
Travel Correspondent (9 ????? 2007). "New Seven Wonders of the World announced" . The Telegraph . Archived from the original on 21 January 2008 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"UNESCO" . UNESCO. 30 April 1997. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
UNESCO (2002). "Periodic Reporting Exercise on the Application of the World Heritage Convention" (PDF) . UNESCO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
"UNESCO Taj Mahal" . UNESCO Culture World Heritage Centre, World Heritage List . UNESCO. 2016. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
"Visiting the Taj ? calligraphy" . Treasures of the World . Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary . Harlow, England: Longman. ISBN 0-582-05383-8 .
"WolframAlpha Computational Knowledge Engine" . WolframAlpha . Wolfram Alpha LLC. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015 . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
Wright, Karen (1 ????? 2000). "Works in Progress" . Discover . Waukesha, Wisconsin : Kalmbach Publishing . Archived from the original on 29 January 2015 . Retrieved 7 February 2015 .
" 'The Taj!' Exteriors" . Official WebSite of Taj Mahal . U.P. Tourism. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016 . Retrieved 25 May 2016 .
Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009-01-01). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture . doi : 10.1093/acref/9780195309911.001.0001 . {{ cite book }}: ??????? ??????:????? ? ??? ( link )
Tillotson, Giles (2008). Taj Mahal . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03186-9 .
Maheshwari, Anil (1996). Taj Mahal: Moon Still Shines: an Environmental Mess . India: Ajanta Publications. ISBN 978-8120204805 .
Encyclopaedia Britannica Company (1911). "Minaret". The Encyclopaedia Britannica . Vol. 18 (11 ed.). New York, United States of America: Cambridge University Press.
Begley, W. E. (2011). "Minaret". The Encyclopaedia Iranica . Vol. 1. Bibliotheca Persica Press.
Khan, Aftab Ahmad (1984). Islamic calligraphy: noon-wal-qalam . A. Ahmad. OCLC 17908336 .
* Hauck, Gary L. (2008). Exploring Humanities Around the World: In Celebration of the Human Spirit . iUniverse.com. ISBN 978-0595519248 .
Institute of Historical Studies. (1969). The Quarterly review of historical studies . Institute of Historical Studies. OCLC 220725135 .
Toth, L. Fejes (1975). "Tessellation of the Plane with Convex Polygons Having a Constant Number of Neighbors" . The American Mathematical Monthly (?? ???????). 82 (3): 273?276. doi : 10.1080/00029890.1975.11993816 . ISSN 0002-9890 .
Janick, Jules; Kamenetsky, Rina; Puttaswamy, Sumangala H. (September 2010). Chronica horticulturae . Vol. 50. International Society for horticultural Science. ISBN 978 90 6605 503 2 . OCLC 474100587 . {{ cite book }}: ??????? ??????:????? ? ??? ( link )
Hein, Arielle (2009). "The Expression of Power in Mughal Architecture" . SIT Study Abroad .
Ching, Francis D. K. (2007). A global history of architecture . Jarzombek, Mark. , Prakash, Vikramaditya. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118007396 . OCLC 671655064 .
Meri, Josef W. (2006). Medieval Islamic civilization: an encyclopedia . Bacharach, Jere L. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415966914 . OCLC 59360024 .

[FOOTNOTEDuTemple200332-1] DuTemple 2003 , p. 32.

[FOOTNOTEArchaeological_Survey_of2015-2] Archaeological Survey of 2015 .

[3] ????????? ????? - ? ????? ????

[4] ≪??? ???≫ ??????????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine ? ???????????? ???? ?????? .

[5] "History of the Taj Mahal Agra" (?? ???????). agrahub. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 . Retrieved 7 ???? 1387 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |????? ??????= ( help )

[6] ≪????? ?????? = ? ???? ????≫ . iran??. ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}

[7] ≪??????? ?????? (?? ????? ? ?????) ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? | ???????? ??????. ????? ????≫ . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[باربارا_برند-8] ??? ^??? ^??? ??????? ???? ????????

[9] "Taj Mahal" . Wikipedia (?? ???????). 2019-03-06.

[FOOTNOTEAsher1992210-10] Asher 1992 , p. 210.

[FOOTNOTETaj_Mahal-11] Taj Mahal .

[FOOTNOTESarkar191930,_31-12] Sarkar 1919 , pp. 30, 31.

[FOOTNOTECreation_History_of-13] ???? ^???? Creation History of .

[FOOTNOTEChaghtai193846-14] Chaghtai 1938 , p. 46.

[FOOTNOTEChaghtai1938146-15] Chaghtai 1938 , p. 146.

[FOOTNOTECopplestone1963166-16] Copplestone 1963 , p. 166.

[FOOTNOTETaj_Mahal_Mausoleum-17] Taj Mahal Mausoleum .

[FOOTNOTEASI-18] ASI .

[FOOTNOTEOnion_domes,_bulbous-19] Onion domes, bulbous .

[FOOTNOTEAhujaRajani2016996–997-20] Ahuja & Rajani 2016 , pp. 996?997.

[FOOTNOTE‘_Taj!’_EXTERIORS-21] ‘ Taj!’ EXTERIORS .

[FOOTNOTEBloom200932-22] Bloom 2009 , p. 32.

[FOOTNOTETillotson1990-23] Tillotson 1990 .

[FOOTNOTEAlī_Jāvīd2008118-24] Al? J?v?d 2008 , p. 118.

[FOOTNOTETillotson200859-25] Tillotson 2008 , p. 59.

[FOOTNOTEMaheshwari199658-26] Maheshwari 1996 , p. 58.

[FOOTNOTEEncyclopaedia_Britannica_Company1911501-27] Encyclopaedia Britannica Company 1911 , p. 501.

[FOOTNOTETaj_Mahal_Calligraphy-28] Taj Mahal Calligraphy .

[FOOTNOTEKoch2006100-29] Koch 2006 , p. 100.

[FOOTNOTEBegley2011923–924-30] Begley 2011 , p. 923?924.

[FOOTNOTEAnon-31] ???? ^???? ^???? Anon .

[FOOTNOTEVisiting_Taj_--32] Visiting Taj - .

[FOOTNOTEHauck2008226-33] Hauck 2008 , p. 226.

[FOOTNOTEKhan1984144-34] Khan 1984 , p. 144.

[FOOTNOTENath1969134-136-35] Nath 1969 , p. 134-136.

[36] "tracery | Definition & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-07-05 .

[FOOTNOTETóth1975273-37] Toth 1975 , p. 273.

[FOOTNOTEJanick201031-38] Janick 2010 , p. 31.

[FOOTNOTEEconomic_times_article-39] Economic times article .

[FOOTNOTEKhatri2012128-40] ???? ^???? Khatri 2012 , p. 128.

[FOOTNOTEAlī_Jāvīd2008309-41] Al? J?v?d 2008 , p. 309.

[FOOTNOTETaj.net-42] Taj.net .

[FOOTNOTEBegley197914-43] Begley 1979 , p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEPlants_growing_throughout-44] Plants growing throughout .

[FOOTNOTEHein200910-45] Hein 2009 , p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEWright2000-46] Wright 2000 .

[FOOTNOTEAllan1958318-47] Allan 1958 , p. 318.

[FOOTNOTEDunn2007-48] Dunn 2007 .

[FOOTNOTERoyals19967-49] Royals 1996 , p. 7.

[FOOTNOTEKoch2006139-50] Koch 2006 , p. 139.

[FOOTNOTEThetajindia.weebly.com-51] Thetajindia.weebly.com .

[FOOTNOTEChing2007524-52] Ching 2007 , p. 524.

[FOOTNOTEMeri2006793-53] Meri 2006 , p. 793.

[54] "Taj Mahal | Definition, Story, History, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-07-15 .

[55] UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Taj Mahal (engl.), 30. Apr. 2006

[تاج_محل؛_بنای_یادبود_عشق-56] ???? ^???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

? ? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
????	???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Qutub Minar and its Monuments ??? ???? (????) ??? ???
???	??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????????????
????	????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????
???	??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????-??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? Churches and convents of Goa ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ??? ??? ?????