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?????? ?????? (B'nai B'rith International) ( ‎/ b ? ? n e? ? b r ? θ /‎ ? ???? : ?????? ??????? ‎ ' ??????? ??? ') ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???. ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???.

????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????.

????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??. [?] ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???.

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????????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? Aaron Sinsheimer ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??. [?] ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ≪????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????????? ??≫ ?????? ???. [?] ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???: ≪????? ? ?????? ?? ???????≫ ? ≪????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ? ??????≫. ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????. [?]

??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (?? ?????? ?? ????? "??????? ???") [?] ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ≪??????? ?????≫ ??????? ??? ???? ??.

?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???. ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???. ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ???. [?]

????? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? B'Nai B'rith ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ≪?? ???? ?????? ?????≫ ????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? B'nai B'rith ? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????.

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?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. [?]

?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??. ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ???????? Maimonides ?? ????? ???. [?] ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? - ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? - ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???. ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????.

?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???. ?? ???? ???? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???. [?]

?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? (????) ? ?? ??????? (???? - ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ????? ???) ????? ??. [?] ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????.

?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? [??] ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????. [??]

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?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1903 [??] ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????: ??????? ?? ????? (ADL), Hillel ? BBYO (?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????). ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????.

?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. [??] ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? - ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????-?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????????? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ????. [??] [??] [??]

??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? AZA ?? ????? ???? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.

?? ??? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????) ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? (BBYO) ????? ????.

????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????. ?? ??? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? BBYO ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? Perlman ???????? ??. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??. ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? AZA ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????????? Beber ????? ??. ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????????? ????? ??. ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????. [??]

?? ??? ???? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ??. [??]

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?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????????? (???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?. ?????? ?????? ??????) ? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????.

????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ≪?? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? - ?????? ???? - ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????????.≫ [??]

???? ???? ???????? ???: ≪????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???.≫ [??]

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?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????.

?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??. ????????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ????? - ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? (HUD) ????? ??????? - ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. [??]

???? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? [??] ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.

?? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????.

????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? Diverse Minds ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ≪????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????≫ ?????? ????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ?? ????? ? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????. [??]

????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? Enlighten America ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????. [??]

????????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ≪?????? ????? - ?????? ????≫ ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???. [??]

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?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? B'nai B'rith (ADL) ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ??????? ????? ADL ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ADL ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???.

?? ???????? ? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????????????? Anti-Defamation Commission (ADC) ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???. [??]

????????? ? ?????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. [??] [??]

????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? "Unto Every Person There is a Name" ????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???. [??]

?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? Klutznick ????? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????. [??] ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. [??]

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????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? Dagmar R. Henney ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??.

?? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????? Sally R. Schneider ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????. [??]

????? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. B'nai B'rith Great Lakes ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????. [??]

?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????. [??]

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????????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???. [??] ????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???. [??]

?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ? [??] [??] ?????? ???? ?? ??? 2011 [??] ? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???. [??] ????????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? [??] ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????. [??]

????? ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????. ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????????? ??? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???. ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???.

????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???. [??] ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????????? ? IsraAID "Haiti Grows" ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????.

?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???. ???? ?? Rockaways ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????. ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????. [??]

????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? IsraAid? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???. [??]

????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???. ???????????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ????????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???? Idyllwild ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ???? HELP ?? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ? ???? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????. ?? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????. [??] ?? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? Kilauea ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? Ahava 'Aina ??? ???.

?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????????? (CSS) ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???. ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? CSS ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???. [??]

???? ?????????? [ ?????? ]

????????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????. [?] ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? (NGO) ???? ?? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????. [??]

??? NGO B'nai B'rith ?? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? (OSCE) ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? (OAS)? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ≪ ????? ???? ≫ ???? ??. [??] [??] ??? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????.

????????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????. ????????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ???. [??] [??] [??] [??]

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?? ??? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? - ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? - ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? (????? ????) ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???. [??] ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ???? ????. ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????.

B'nai B'rith Europe ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??. ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ???. [??] [??]

?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ≪?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????.≫ ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???.

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???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ??. ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. [??] ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

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???? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ? [??] [??] ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ? [??] [??] [??] ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?

????? ?? . ???? ? ????? ??. ???????? ??? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? "EP" Hoyt? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???.

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  1. ↑ "About B'nai B'rith International" . B'nai B'rith International.
  2. ↑ "Ken Ackerman on B'nai B'rith's Early Days in 1840s New York City" . B'nai B'rith International (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2020-11-23 .
  3. ↑ ??? ??? ??? "B'nai B'rith International" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011 . Retrieved 16 March 2022 .
  4. ↑ Alfred M. Lilienthal , The Changing Role of B'nai B'rith's Anti-Defamation League , WRMEA , June 1993, p.18
  5. ↑ "B'nai B'rith" . The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia: Digital Edition . Shengold Publishers. 2 February 2014 . Retrieved 9 February 2021 .
  6. ↑ Hasia R. Diner, The Jews of the United States, 1654 to 2000 , p.191
  7. ↑ "B'nai B'rith" . JewishEncyclopedia.com .
  8. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International: Our History" .
  9. ↑ "The First Zionist Congress and the Basel Program" . Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2016-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-02-18 .
  10. ↑ "Immigration … Polish/Russian: A People at Risk" . Library of Congress . Archived from the original on 2012-08-04 . Retrieved 2020-11-22 .
  11. ↑ "Our History ? Who We Are" . JWI. 2012-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27.
  12. ↑ "YIVO Institute for Jewish Research | The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary" . Yivoinstitute.org. Archived from the original on 2011-02-20 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  13. ↑ Vigdor, Jacob (May 2008). "Civic Report No. 53: Measuring Immigrant Assimilation in the United States" . Manhattan Institute for Policy Research . Archived from the original on 2012-09-08 . Retrieved December 31, 2021 .
  14. ↑ "Hillel History" (PDF) . Hillel International . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-12 . Retrieved 2012-08-07 .
  15. ↑ "A Brief History" . Hillel International . 2008-09-18. Archived from the original on 2012-08-01.
  16. ↑ Trammell, Anna (February 27, 2015). "Hillel: The International Jewish Organization Founded in Champaign" . University of Illinois at Urbana?Champaign . Retrieved November 23, 2020 .
  17. ↑ "About Perlman Camp" . Perlmancamp.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21.
  18. ↑ Baer, Max F. (2012-01-03). "The B'nai B'rith Vocational Service Program". Occupations: The Vocational Guidance Journal . 24 (5): 277?280. doi : 10.1002/j.2164-5892.1946.tb00742.x .
  19. ↑ Theresa Vargas (March 12, 2007). " 'Some Things You Never Forget': Thirty years ago, gunmen stormed three D.C. buildings, taking 150 hostages and one life" . Washington Post . p. B01 . Retrieved March 12, 2007 .
  20. ↑ "The 38 Hours: Trial by Terror" . Time magazine . March 21, 1977. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15 . Retrieved July 19, 2021 .
  21. ↑ "Senior Housing, B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-18.
  22. ↑ "Center for Senior Services, B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20.
  23. ↑ "Diverse Minds Youth Writing Challenge, B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-25 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  24. ↑ "Enlighten America, B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  25. ↑ "Smarter Kids ? Safer Kids, B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  26. ↑ B'nai B'rith Anti Defamation Commission in Melbourne Australia
  27. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org.
  28. ↑ "Periodicals" . JewishEncyclopedia.com.
  29. ↑ "Fragments of Memory. Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Day 2011" . Yad Vashem. Archived from the original on 2011-05-05.
  30. ↑ "To Bigotry No Sanction (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress" . Loc.gov. 2010-07-27. Archived from the original on 2012-08-04 . Retrieved 2021-07-19 .
  31. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum and Philip Lax Archive (B'nai B'rith Archives)" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-18.
  32. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Announces 2019 Sally R. Schneider Scholarship for New York City-Area Student" . B'nai B'rith International (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-08-01 . [ ????? ???? ]
  33. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Great Lakes Scholarship Program" . B'nai B'rith International (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-08-01 .
  34. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Philatelic collection 1957?1994 (I-427)" . Center for Jewish History . American Jewish Historical Society , New York, NY, and Boston, MA . Retrieved August 24, 2019 . [ ????? ???? ]
  35. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org . Retrieved 2013-02-15 .
  36. ↑ "Disaster Relief" . B'nai B'rith International . Archived from the original on 2010-05-19 . Retrieved 2020-04-08 .
  37. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International Provides Disaster Relief in Haiti" (Press release). B'nai B'rith International. 13 January 2010 . Retrieved 2020-04-03 .
  38. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International Provides Disaster Relief in Chile" (Press release). B'nai B'rith International. 3 March 2010 . Retrieved 2020-04-03 .
  39. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Opens Disaster Relief Fund to Aid Japan" (Press release). B'nai B'rith International. 11 March 2011 . Retrieved 2020-04-03 .
  40. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Extends Disaster Relief Fund To Aid Victims Of Joplin, Mo. , Tornado; Part of B'nai B'rith's U.S. Flood and Tornado Relief Fund 2011" (Press release). B'nai B'rith International. 24 May 2011 . Retrieved 2020-04-03 .
  41. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Opens Israel Emergency Fund to Aid Victims of Forest Fire" (Press release). B'nai B'rith International. 3 December 2010 . Retrieved 2020-04-03 .
  42. ↑ "B'nai B'rith Opens Disaster Relief Fund To Aid Famine Victims In East Africa" (Press release). B'nai B'rith International. 27 July 2011 . Retrieved 2020-04-03 .
  43. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2013-03-03 . Retrieved 2013-02-15 .
  44. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org . Retrieved 2012-10-30 .
  45. ↑ ???? ???? ???? "Worldwide Disaster Relief" . B'nai B'rith International (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 2019-08-01 . Retrieved 2019-08-01 .
  46. ↑ "World Jewry Mobilizing in Effort to Repeal UN Zionism-racism Resolution" . Archive.jta.org. 1985-11-05. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  47. ↑ "Organization of American States, B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  48. ↑ "Civil Society List, English" . Civil-society.oas.org. Archived from the original on 2013-05-25 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  49. ↑ "Medical Shipment to Argentina" . Brothersbrother.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  50. ↑ "IsraAID" . IsraAID. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  51. ↑ "Shipments to Kenya, Africa and Paraguay, South America" . Brothersbrother.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  52. ↑ "B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2012-02-26 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  53. ↑ "Full text of "Khaos Odensland Archive DOCS (The Misanthropic Misogynist)" " . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  54. ↑ "Welcome to the B'nai B'rith Europe website" . Bnaibritheurope.org . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  55. ↑ "Home" . Bbuk.org. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  56. ↑ "A. J. Granoff Papers" . Truman Library . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  57. ↑ "BBI Recognizes Israeli Embassy for Public Work, Historical Link ? B'nai B'rith International ? The Global Voice of the Jewish Community" . Bnaibrith.org. Archived from the original on 2012-04-23 . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  58. ↑ "B'nai Brith Unbroken covenant pages 15 ? 22" (PDF) . B'nai Brith. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-01 . Retrieved 2012-08-07 .
  59. ↑ "Basic Law: Jerusalem, the Capital of Israel" (PDF) . Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs . Retrieved 2012-08-07 .
  60. ↑ "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel" . Knesset.gov.il . Retrieved 2012-07-23 .
  61. ↑ oe1.ORF.at / News ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine
  62. ↑ oe1.ORF.at / Bnai B'rith-Medaille fur Altkanzler Vranitzky ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine
  63. ↑ B'nai B'rith Australia / NZ ??????????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? Wayback Machine
  64. ↑ B'nai B'rith Award Ceremony Honors Australian Prime Minister John Howard ??????????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ???? Wayback Machine
  65. ↑ "Prime Minister John Howard will be presented the prestigious B'nai B'rith international Preside..." Archived from the original on 2013-05-24.
  66. ↑ "Issac Babel and Ronald Sanders to Be Honored for Literary Contributions" , February 20, 1970

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