??????? ???

??????? ???
??????? ???
?????	?? ?????? ???? ; Byberry , ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? Province of Pennsylvania , ??????? ????????
??????	?? ????? ???? (?? ???) ; ????????? ? ?????? ????? ??????
???????	??????? ?????? ????? ?????????
??? ?????	??????? ???????? ; ??????? ???????
????	????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
?????????? ????	????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????
???????	??
?????

??????? ??? (?? ??????? : Benjamin Rush ) (?? ?????? ???? – ?? ????? ????) ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ^[?]^[?]^[?] ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????. ^[?]

??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ^[?] ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ≪??? ?????????? ??????≫ ?????. ^[?]

??? [ ?????? ]

??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ^[?]^[?]

????? [ ?????? ]

????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??. ^[?]

?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??.

??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??. ^[??]

???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????.

???? [ ?????? ]

Rush, Benjamin (1773). "An Address to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements in America, Upon Slave-keeping" . Philadelphia: J. Dunlap . Retrieved 2017-01-01 .
Rush, Benjamin (1819) [1791]. An inquiry into the effects of ardent spirits upon the human body and mind: with an account of the means of preventing, and of the remedies for curing them . Josiah Richardson.
Rush, Benjamin (1794). An account of the bilious remitting yellow fever, as it appeared in the city of Philadelphia, in the year 1793 . Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson.
Rush, Benjamin (1798). Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical . Philadelphia: Thomas & Samuel F. Bradford. 1989 reprint: Syracuse University Press, ???? ‎?-??????-??-?
Rush, Benjamin (1799). "Observations Intended to Favour a Supposition That the Black Color (As It Is Called) of the Negroes Is Derived from the Leprosy" . Transactions of the American Philosophical Society . 4 : 289?297. doi : 10.2307/1005108 . JSTOR 1005108 .
Rush, Benjamin, M.D. (1806). A plan of a Peace-Office for the United States . Essays, Literary, Moral and Philosophical. (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Thomas and William Bradford. pp. 183 ?88 . Retrieved 2010-06-03 – via Internet Archive .
Rush, Benjamin (1808) [1778]. Directions for preserving the health of soldiers: addressed to the officers of the Army of the United States . Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson.
Rush, Benjamin (1812) Medical Inquiries And Observations Upon The Diseases Of The Mind , 2006 reprint: Kessinger Publishing, ???? ‎????????????? . Free digital copies of original published in 1812 at http://deila.dickinson.edu/theirownwords/title/0034%7B%7Bdead ^{^{[
????? ????
]}} link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. or https://web.archive.org/web/20121024024628/http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/muradora/objectView.action?pid=nlm:nlmuid-2569036R-bk
Rush, Benjamin (2003). "Medical Inquiries and Observations, Upon the Diseases of the Mind: Philadelphia: Published by Kimber & Richardson, no. 237, Market Street; Merritt, printer, no. 9, Watkins Alley, 1812" . Their Own Words . Carlisle, Pennsylvania : Dickinson College . OCLC 53177922 . Archived from the original on January 7, 2004 . Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
Rush, Benjamin (1815). "A Defence of Blood-letting, as a Remedy for Certain Diseases" . Medical Inquiries and Observations . 4 . Retrieved 2012-10-24 .
Rush, Benjamin (1830). Medical Inquiries and Observations upon Diseases of the Mind (4 ed.). Philadelphia: John Grigg. pp. 98 , 197.
Rush, Benjamin (1835). Medical Inquiries and Observations Upon the Diseases of the Mind (Fifth ed.). Philadelphia: Grigg and Elliott, No. 9 North Fourth Street. OCLC 2812179 . Retrieved October 20, 2017 – via Internet Archive .
Rush, Benjamin (1947). The selected writings of Benjamin Rush . New York: Philosophical Library. p. 448. ISBN 978-0-8065-2955-4 .
Butterfield, Lyman H., ed. (1951). Letters of Benjamin Rush . Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. Princeton University Press. OCLC 877738348 .
The Spur of Fame: Dialogues of John Adams and Benjamin Rush, 1805?1813 (2001), Liberty Fund, ???? ‎?????????????
Rush, Benjamin (1970) [1948]. George Washington Corner (ed.). The autobiography of Benjamin Rush; his Travels through life together with his Commonplace book for 1789?1813 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Fox, Claire G.; Miller, Gordon L.; Miller, Jacquelyn C. (1996). Benjamin Rush, M.D: A Bibliographic Guide . Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29823-3 .

?????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

The Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , has a collection of Benjamin Rush's original manuscripts .

?????????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "Benjamin Rush: 1745?1813: Representing Pennsylvania at the Continental Congress" . Signers of the Declaration of Independence . ushistory.org. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018 . Retrieved February 7, 2018 .
↑ Renker, Elizabeth M. (1989). " 'Declaration-Men' and the Rhetoric of Self-Presentation" . Early American Literature . 24 (2): 123 and n. 10 there. JSTOR 25056766 .
↑ Rush, Benjamin (1970) [1948]. George Washington Corner (ed.). The autobiography of Benjamin Rush; his Travels through life together with his Commonplace book for 1789?1813 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
↑ "Benjamin Rush (1746?1813)" . University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011 . Retrieved 2011-08-20 .
↑ Muccigrosso, Robert, ed. (1988). Research Guide to American Historical Biography . Vol. 3. pp. 1139?42.
↑ Shorter, Edward (1997). A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac . Wiley.
↑ Brodsky (2004), pp. 363?365
↑ Clark, Edward L. (June 2012). A Record of the Inscriptions on the Tablets and Grave-stones in the Burial-grounds of Christ Church . Applewood Books. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-4290-9309-5 .
↑ [?] Accessed October 25, 2018
↑ De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle (1875). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana . Indiana: R. S. Peale & co. pp. 572 .

???? ?????? ????? [ ?????? ]

Goodman, Nathan G. (1934). Benjamin Rush, Physician and Citizen, (1746?1813) . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Binger, Carl (1966). Revolutionary Doctor: Benjamin Rush (1746?1813) . New York: Norton & Co.
Hawke, David Freeman (1971). Benjamin Rush: Revolutionary Gadfly . Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
Levine, Harry G. (1978). "The Discovery of Addiction: Changing Conceptions of Habitual Drunkenness in America" (PDF) . Journal of Studies on Alcohol . 15 (1): 493?506. doi : 10.15288/jsa.1978.39.143 . PMID 344994 . Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2017.
Renker, Elizabeth M. (1989). " 'Declaration-Men' and the Rhetoric of Self-Presentation" . Early American Literature . 24 (2): 120?134. JSTOR 25056766 .
McCullough, David (2001). John Adams . Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-7588-7 .
Brodsky, Alyn (2004). Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician . New York: Truman Talley Books/St. Martin's Press.
Myrsiades, Linda S. (2012). Law and medicine in revolutionary America: dissecting the Rush v. Cobbett trial, 1799 . Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press.
Spencer, Mark G. (2013). Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment . London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Fried, Stephen (2018). Rush: Revolution, Madness, & the Visionary Doctor Who Became a Founding Father . New York: Crown.
Unger, Harlow Giles. Dr. Benjamin Rush: The Founding Father Who Healed a Wounded Nation (Da Capo Press, 2018). 320 pp. online review

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

"Benjamin Rush (1746?1813)" . University of Pennsylvania.
"Rush, Benjamin" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography . 1900.
Article and portrait at "Discovering Lewis & Clark" ??????????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine
"Benjamin Rush: The Revolution's Doctor of Medicine and Universal Humanitarian" ? excerpts from his writings
???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? (????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????)
Papers from the Historic Psychiatry Collection, Menninger Archives, Kansas Historical Society
"Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician" . C-SPAN . July 4, 2004 . Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
Guide to the Benjamin Rush Lectures circa 1775-1825 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
Guide to Benjamin Rush, On the Influence of Physical Causes on the Moral Faculty 1786 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

[signers-1] "Benjamin Rush: 1745?1813: Representing Pennsylvania at the Continental Congress" . Signers of the Declaration of Independence . ushistory.org. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018 . Retrieved February 7, 2018 .

[2] Renker, Elizabeth M. (1989). " 'Declaration-Men' and the Rhetoric of Self-Presentation" . Early American Literature . 24 (2): 123 and n. 10 there. JSTOR 25056766 .

[3] Rush, Benjamin (1970) [1948]. George Washington Corner (ed.). The autobiography of Benjamin Rush; his Travels through life together with his Commonplace book for 1789?1813 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

[upenn-rush-4] "Benjamin Rush (1746?1813)" . University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011 . Retrieved 2011-08-20 .

[5] Muccigrosso, Robert, ed. (1988). Research Guide to American Historical Biography . Vol. 3. pp. 1139?42.

[6] Shorter, Edward (1997). A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac . Wiley.

[7] Brodsky (2004), pp. 363?365

[8] Clark, Edward L. (June 2012). A Record of the Inscriptions on the Tablets and Grave-stones in the Burial-grounds of Christ Church . Applewood Books. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-4290-9309-5 .

[9] [?] Accessed October 25, 2018

[10] De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle (1875). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana . Indiana: R. S. Peale & co. pp. 572 .

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

???????? ???????????
?????	ISNI 1 ???? 1 ?????? (?? ???? ????)
???????????? ???	???? ??????? ?????? (???????) ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????
????????????? ?????????????	?????
?????????? ????? ????	????? (????) ?????? ????????? ???????
????	?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? (?????) 1 ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? 2 ????? (??????) 1 ???? (????????) 1 ????? ??????