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?????? ????: ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? [ en ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Goulart, Ron , Comic Book Encyclopedia ( Harper Entertainment , New York, 2004) ISBN 978-0-06-053816-3
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? Fleisher, Michael L. The Encyclopedia of Comic Book Heroes Volume 1 Batman Collier Books 1976 ISBN 978-0-02-080090-3 p. 31
↑ Beatty, Scott (2008). "Batman". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia . London: Dorling Kindersley . pp. 40 ?44. ISBN 978-0-7566-4119-1 .
↑ Daniels, Les . Batman: The Complete History . Chronicle Books, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8118-4232-7 , p. 18
↑ Steranko, Jim . The Steranko History of Comics 1 . Reading, PA: Supergraphics, 1970. ( ISBN 978-0-517-50188-7 )
↑ Les Daniels. Batman - The Complete History: The Life and Times of the Dark Knight . pp. 18?20.
↑ Daniels (1999), p. 21, 23
↑ Havholm, Peter; Sandifer, Philip (Autumn 2003). "Corporate Authorship: A Response to Jerome Christensen" . Critical Inquiry . 30 (1): 192. doi : 10.1086/380810 . ISSN 0093-1896 .
↑ Biography by Joe Desris, in Batman Archives , Volume 3 ( DC Comics , 1994), p. 223. ???? ‎?????????????????
↑ Daniels, Les (1999). Batman: The Complete History . Chronicle Books. pp. 21, 23. ISBN 978-0-8118-4232-7 .
↑ Kane, Andrae, p. 44.
↑ Pearson, p. 185.
↑ Pearson, p. 186.
↑ Pearson, p. 191.
↑ ^???? ^???? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman
↑ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" Detective Comics #27 (May 1939), DC Comics
↑ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). "The Batman Wars Against the Dirigible of Doom" Detective Comics #33 (November 1939), DC Comics
↑ Paul Levitz (w), Joe Staton (p). "The Untold Origin of the Justice Society" DC Special 29 (August/September 1977), DC Comics
↑ Gardner Fox (w). All Star Comics 3 (Winter 1940/41), DC Comics
↑ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). Batman 7 (November 1941), DC Comics
↑ Batman #16 (May 1943)
↑ "The Big Question: What is the history of Batman, and why does he still appeal?" . The Independent . London. July 22, 2008. Archived from the original on 29 July 2008 . Retrieved 1 February 2015 .
↑ "Batman ? Top 100 Comic Book Heroes" . IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 2011-05-27 .
↑ "The 50 greatest comic-book characters" . Empire (?? ???????). ?? ??????? ???? . Retrieved 18 January 2023 .
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batsuit
↑ "Batman (1989)" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007 . Retrieved 2007-05-27 .
↑ "Batman" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 2008-10-04 . ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}
↑ "Opening Weekends" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008 . Retrieved 2008-07-20 .
↑ "Fastest to $400 million" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014 . Retrieved 2008-08-06 .
↑ "All Time Domestic Box Office Results" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008 . Retrieved 2008-11-23 .
↑ "Academy Awards Database - ACTOR IN A SUPPORTING ROLE, 2008" . Archived from the original on 27 February 2014 . Retrieved 20 February 2015 .
↑ "Ben Affleck To Play Batman In Warner Bros' Batman-Superman Pic; Studio Sets July 17, 2015 Release Date" . Deadline. 2013-08-22. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013 . Retrieved 20 February 2015 .

????? [ ?????? ]

Beatty, Scott (2005). The Batman Handbook: The Ultimate Training Manual . Quirk Books. ISBN 978-1-59474-023-7 .
Daniels, Les . Batman: The Complete History . Chronicle Books, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8118-2470-5 .
Daniels, Les. DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes . Bulfinch, 1995. ISBN 978-0-8212-2076-4 .
Jones, Gerard . Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book . Basic Books, 1995. ISBN 978-0-465-03657-8 .
Pearson, Roberta E. ; Uricchio, William (editors). The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media . Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 978-0-85170-276-6 .
Wright, Bradford W. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America . The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8018-6514-5 .

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

[1] Goulart, Ron , Comic Book Encyclopedia ( Harper Entertainment , New York, 2004) ISBN 978-0-06-053816-3

[Fleisher-2] ??? ^??? ^??? Fleisher, Michael L. The Encyclopedia of Comic Book Heroes Volume 1 Batman Collier Books 1976 ISBN 978-0-02-080090-3 p. 31

[dc-ency-3] Beatty, Scott (2008). "Batman". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia . London: Dorling Kindersley . pp. 40 ?44. ISBN 978-0-7566-4119-1 .

[4] Daniels, Les . Batman: The Complete History . Chronicle Books, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8118-4232-7 , p. 18

[5] Steranko, Jim . The Steranko History of Comics 1 . Reading, PA: Supergraphics, 1970. ( ISBN 978-0-517-50188-7 )

[6] Les Daniels. Batman - The Complete History: The Life and Times of the Dark Knight . pp. 18?20.

[7] Daniels (1999), p. 21, 23

[8] Havholm, Peter; Sandifer, Philip (Autumn 2003). "Corporate Authorship: A Response to Jerome Christensen" . Critical Inquiry . 30 (1): 192. doi : 10.1086/380810 . ISSN 0093-1896 .

[Archives_3-9] Biography by Joe Desris, in Batman Archives , Volume 3 ( DC Comics , 1994), p. 223. ???? ‎?????????????????

[10] Daniels, Les (1999). Batman: The Complete History . Chronicle Books. pp. 21, 23. ISBN 978-0-8118-4232-7 .

[creation-11] Kane, Andrae, p. 44.

[12] Pearson, p. 185.

[pearson_pg_186-13] Pearson, p. 186.

[pearson_pg_191-14] Pearson, p. 191.

[en.wikipedia.org-15] ???? ^???? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman

[16] Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" Detective Comics #27 (May 1939), DC Comics

[17] Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). "The Batman Wars Against the Dirigible of Doom" Detective Comics #33 (November 1939), DC Comics

[18] Paul Levitz (w), Joe Staton (p). "The Untold Origin of the Justice Society" DC Special 29 (August/September 1977), DC Comics

[19] Gardner Fox (w). All Star Comics 3 (Winter 1940/41), DC Comics

[20] Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). Batman 7 (November 1941), DC Comics

[21] Batman #16 (May 1943)

[22] "The Big Question: What is the history of Batman, and why does he still appeal?" . The Independent . London. July 22, 2008. Archived from the original on 29 July 2008 . Retrieved 1 February 2015 .

[23] "Batman ? Top 100 Comic Book Heroes" . IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 2011-05-27 .

[24] "The 50 greatest comic-book characters" . Empire (?? ???????). ?? ??????? ???? . Retrieved 18 January 2023 .

[ReferenceA-25] ???? ^???? ^???? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batsuit

[26] "Batman (1989)" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007 . Retrieved 2007-05-27 .

[27] "Batman" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 2008-10-04 . ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}

[28] "Opening Weekends" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008 . Retrieved 2008-07-20 .

[29] "Fastest to $400 million" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014 . Retrieved 2008-08-06 .

[30] "All Time Domestic Box Office Results" . Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008 . Retrieved 2008-11-23 .

[31] "Academy Awards Database - ACTOR IN A SUPPORTING ROLE, 2008" . Archived from the original on 27 February 2014 . Retrieved 20 February 2015 .

[32] "Ben Affleck To Play Batman In Warner Bros' Batman-Superman Pic; Studio Sets July 17, 2015 Release Date" . Deadline. 2013-08-22. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013 . Retrieved 20 February 2015 .

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All-American Comics	The Atom (Al Pratt) ??? ????? Doctor Mid-Nite Doiby Dickles ??? (?? ????) The Gay Ghost ??? ????? (????) Hawkgirl ??????? (????? ???) Hop Harrigan Johnny Thunder and Thunderbolt Justice Society of America The King Mister Terrific (Terry Sloane) Red Tornado (Ma Hunkel) Sargon the Sorcerer Ultra-Man The Whip ????????? (????) ????? ????
Centaur Comics	Airman Amazing-Man The Arrow The Clock The Eye The Fantom of the Fair The Masked Marvel Minimidget
???? ??????	Bulletgirl Bulletman ??????? ????? (????? ??????) Captain Marvel Jr. Captain Midnight The Golden Arrow Ibis the Invincible Lieutenant Marvels ??? ????? Master Man Minute-Man Mr. Scarlet Phantom Eagle Pinky the Whiz Kid Spy Smasher
Fox Comics	Black Fury Blue Beetle The Bouncer Bronze Man Dynamo The Flame Green Mask Samson Spider Queen Stardust the Super Wizard U.S. Jones V-Man Wonder Man
MLJ Comics	The Black Hood Captain Flag The Comet The Firefly The Fox The Shield The Web The Wizard
National Allied	Air Wave ?????? ???? Crimson Avenger Dan the Dyna-Mite ???? ??? Doctor Occult Genius Jones ???? ??? Guardian Hourman Johnny Quick (Johnny Chambers) Liberty Belle Manhunter Merry, the Girl of 1000 Gimmicks Miss X Mister America ????? (????? ????) ??? ?????? Robotman Rose Psychic Sandman Sandy the Golden Boy Shining Knight ?????? (????) ??? ????? (????) Star-Spangled Kid Starman (Ted Knight) Stripesy Superboy (Kal-El) ?????? Superwoman Tarantula TNT Vigilante Wing Zatara Seven Soldiers of Victory
Nedor Comics	American Crusader American Eagle Black Terror Captain Future Cavalier Doc Strange Fighting Yank The Ghost Grim Reaper Judy of the Jungle Lance Lewis, Space Detective Liberator The Magnet Miss Masque Princess Pantha Pyroman The Scarab The Woman in Red
Quality Comics	#711 The Black Condor Blackhawk Blue Tracer Bozo the Iron Man Captain Triumph The Clock Doll Girl Doll Man Firebrand The Human Bomb The Invisible Hood The Jester Kid Eternity Lady Luck Madame Fatal Magno The Manhunter Merlin the Magician Midnight Miss America Mouthpiece Neon the Unknown Phantom Lady ??????? ?? Quicksilver The Ray Red Bee Red Torpedo The Spider Spider Widow Uncle Sam Wildfire Wonder Boy
Timely Comics	The Angel Black Marvel The Black Widow ????? ????? The Blonde Phantom The Blue Diamond Breeze Barton ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? Citizen V The Destroyer Dynamic Man Father Time Ferret Fin Golden Girl The Human Torch Jack Frost Laughing Mask Marvel Boy Miss America Mercury ????? (????) Namora The Patriot Red Raven Sun Girl Toro Thin Man Thunderer Venus The Vision The Whizzer
Misc.	Anglo-American Publishing Commander Steel Bell Features Johnny Canuck Nelvana of the Northern Lights The Brain Cardal Publishing Streamline Columbia Comics The Face Skyman Crestwood Publications Atomic-Man Black Owl Green Lama David McKay Publications Vulcan Dell Comics Owl Dynamic Publications Dynamic Man Yankee Girl ????? ?????? Moon Girl Elliot Publishing Company Kismet, Man of Fate Eastern Color Printing Hydroman Frew Publications The Phantom Mandrake the Magician Harvey Comics Black Cat Captain Freedom Shock Gibson Spirit of '76 Holyoke Publishing Cat-Man and Kitten Miss Victory Lev Gleason Publications Captain Battle Crimebuster Daredevil Silver Streak Maple Leaf Publishing Iron Man Brok Windsor Novelty Press Target Comics Target and the Targeteers Blue Bolt Dick Cole Twister Rural Home Publications Green Turtle

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??????	Hannibal Bates ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? Music Meister ??????? Twelve Brothers in Silk and White Canary ??????
????????	Flash Comics Action Comics World's Finest Comics Black Canary ??????? ????? Green Arrow and Black Canary Batgirl and the Birds of Prey
?? ????????? ????	Legends of the Superheroes Birds of Prey Justice League Unlimited ???????? Batman: The Brave and the Bold DC Showcase: Green Arrow Young Justice ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? Dinah Drake ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????
?????? ?????	Alternative versions of Black Canary

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??????	????????? Brain Brutale Calculator ????? ??? Doctor Death ???? ????? James Gordon Jr. ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? Monsieur Mallah ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? Shadow Thief Trigger Twins
?? ????????? ????	The Batman/Superman Hour The New Adventures of Batman ???? ? ????? Gotham Girls
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