???????

???????
	???????? ?? ??????? ???????? (????? ??)
???????????	???
????? ??? ?? ????	?? ; ?? ????????? ; ???????-?? ; ?????? ;
???????	??????? ? ?????? ? ????????????
????? ?????	????
??? ????	???????? (?? ????? ??????? )
????? ????? ??????	?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ???
?????? ??????	14.0 (23A344) (?? ??????? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ) [±]
?????? ???????	14.1 ??? ? (20B5012d) (? ????? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ) [±] ;
????? ???	??????? ????
???? (???) ?? ?????	?? ????
	????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????: ????? ???????? ??????? ???? (????)? ???? (????)? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (?????)? ??????? (??????)? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? (?????)? ????????? (???????)? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????
??? ??????????	??????? ?? ?? ( 10.8 +) ; ?? ???????? ????????? ( 10.0 ? 10.7 ) ;
??????? ??????	Arm ( 11 +) ; X86-64 ( 10.4.7 +) ; IA-32 ( 10.4.4 ? 10.6.8 ; ????? ?? ) ; PowerPC ( 10.0 ? 10.5.8 ; ????? ?? ) ;
???? ????	?????? ( ????????? )
??? ??? ???? ?????	??????? ( ???? )
??????	????????? ????? ? ????????? ???????
????? ??	??????? ??????
????? ????	www .apple .com /macos
????? ????????
	???????? ??????

??????? (?? ??????? : macOS ? ‎/ ? m æ k o? ? ? s /‎ ) (?? ??????? ???? Mac OS X ? ??? OS X ) ?? ??? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (??????? ????) ???.

????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ≪??????≫ ?????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? (Aqua) ???? ??????.

??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??. ??? X ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? .

??????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??:

?? ????? ?? Sonoma
?? ????? ?? Ventura
?? ????? ?? Monterey
?? ????? ?? Big Sur
????? ????? ?? Catalina
????? ????? ?? Mojave
????? ????? ?? High Sierra
????? ????? ?? Sierra
????? ????? ?? El Capitan
????? ????? ?? Yosemite
???? ????? ?? Mavericks
???? - ????? ?? Mountain Lion
???? - ????? ?? Lion
???? - ????? ?? Snow Leopard
???? - ????? ?? Leopard
???? - ????? ?? Tiger
???? - ????? ?? Panther
???? - ????? ?? Jaguar
???? - ????? ?? Cheetah/Puma

????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????:
Cheetah/Puma (1), Jaguar (2), Panther (3), Tiger (4), Leopard (5), Snow Leopard (6), Lion (7), Mountain Lion (8), Mavericks (9).

????? ????? [ ?????? ]

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????? ???? ???????.
??????? ????? (kernelthread.com) ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????.
?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "What's New in Swift" . Apple Developer (Video). June 14, 2016. At 2:40 . Retrieved June 16, 2016 .
↑ Juli Clover (September 26, 2023). "Apple Releases macOS Sonoma With New Widget Features, Safari Updates, Screen Sharing Improvements and More" . ???????? . Retrieved September 26, 2023 .
↑ Juli Clover (October 3, 2023). "Apple Seeds Second Beta of macOS Sonoma 14.1 to Developers" . ???????? . Retrieved October 3, 2023 .
↑ "macOS ? How to Upgrade ? Apple" . Apple . Retrieved September 28, 2016 .

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ OS X ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ? ???? ????.

??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???. ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ????.

[1] "What's New in Swift" . Apple Developer (Video). June 14, 2016. At 2:40 . Retrieved June 16, 2016 .

[2] Juli Clover (September 26, 2023). "Apple Releases macOS Sonoma With New Widget Features, Safari Updates, Screen Sharing Improvements and More" . ???????? . Retrieved September 26, 2023 .

[3] Juli Clover (October 3, 2023). "Apple Seeds Second Beta of macOS Sonoma 14.1 to Developers" . ???????? . Retrieved October 3, 2023 .

[macoslanguages-4] "macOS ? How to Upgrade ? Apple" . Apple . Retrieved September 28, 2016 .

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

? ? ? ?????? ? ?????????????? ??? ??????
?????-????? A/UX IBM AIX ???????? ( ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ) ?????? ??? ?????? LynxOS ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? (??????????) ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????? QNX ????? ?????? SCO OpenServer ???????? ??????? (??????????) illumos ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? Ultrix UnixWare ????? xv6 ?????...
???? ???? ?? ?????	??????? (????? ????) ??????? ?? ???????
???:?????? ????? ????

? ? ? ????? ????????????
????????????	??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????
???????????	???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
?????	???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????
??????	??????????? ???????? NeXT BSD ????????????? ?????? ??? OS X ?????-???????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? FreeSBIE ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ???/??????????????? ????/????????????
????? ?????	????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????????

? ? ? ???????????? ?????? ???
??????????	????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? " ???? " " ???? " " ????? " " ???? " " ????? " " ??????? " " ???? ??????? " " ???? " " ????? ???? " " ??????? " " ?????? " " ?? ??????? " " ???? " " ??? ???? " " ?????? " " ???????? " ?????????? ????????
?????	??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
???????	????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????
??????	??????? ?????????
???????	?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
????	??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????
???????? ?????????????	????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????
?????????	.?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???