한국   대만   중국   일본 
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Wind turbines near Vendsyssel, Denmark (2004)
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???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??? Glauber ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? (??????? ?? ???? ??????). ≪??? ????≫ (?? ????? ???????? ) ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???. [??] ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ????? Solar Two ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ????) ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. [??]

????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???. ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. [??]

?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. [??]

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?????? ????: ????? ??????? ?? ?????
????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????

????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???. ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???.

?? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? (???? ???/????) ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???.

?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ? ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???. [??]

?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ? ?????????? ???????.

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?????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ "Energy" . rsc.org . 2014-04-02.
  2. ↑ ??? ??? "Solar Energy Perspectives: Executive Summary" (PDF) . International Energy Agency. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2012.
  3. ↑ "2014 Key World Energy Statistics" (PDF) . iea.org . IEA. 2014. pp. 6, 24, 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2015.
  4. ↑ ??? ??? ??? "Energy and the challenge of sustainability" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme and World Energy Council . September 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2020 . Retrieved 17 January 2017 .
  5. ↑ Smil (1991), p. 240
  6. ↑ "Natural Forcing of the Climate System" . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
  7. ↑ Karuppu, Karthik; Sitaraman, Venk; NVICO (2019). Solar Assessment Guidance: A Guide for Solar Trainee, Trainer & Assessor Examination (?? ???????). Notion Press. ISBN   978-1-64650-522-7 .
  8. ↑ "Radiation Budget" . NASA Langley Research Center. 17 October 2006. Archived from the original on 1 September 2006 . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
  9. ↑ Somerville, Richard. "Historical Overview of Climate Change Science" (PDF) . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2018 . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
  10. ↑ Vermass, Wim. "An Introduction to Photosynthesis and Its Applications" . Arizona State University. Archived from the original on 3 December 1998 . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
  11. ↑ Morton, Oliver (6 September 2006). "Solar energy: A new day dawning?: Silicon Valley sunrise". Nature . 443 (7107): 19?22. Bibcode : 2006Natur.443...19M . doi : 10.1038/443019a . PMID   16957705 . S2CID   13266273 .
  12. ↑ Lewis, N. S.; Nocera, D. G. (2006). "Powering the Planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization" (PDF) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 103 (43): 15729?35. Bibcode : 2006PNAS..10315729L . doi : 10.1073/pnas.0603395103 . PMC   1635072 . PMID   17043226 . Retrieved 7 August 2008 .
  13. ↑ "Energy conversion by photosynthetic organisms" . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . Retrieved 25 May 2008 .
  14. ↑ "Exergy Flow Charts ? GCEP" . stanford.edu .
  15. ↑ ???? ???? Philibert, Cedric (2005). "The Present and Future use of Solar Thermal Energy as a Primary Source of Energy" (PDF) . IEA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2012.
  16. ↑ "Renewables for Heating and Cooling" (PDF) . International Energy Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 13 August 2015 .
  17. ↑ Weiss, Werner; Bergmann, Irene; Faninger, Gerhard. "Solar Heat Worldwide (Markets and Contributions to the Energy Supply 2005)" (PDF) . International Energy Agency . Retrieved 30 May 2008 .
  18. ↑ Weiss, Werner; Bergmann, Irene; Faninger, Gerhard. "Solar Heat Worldwide ? Markets and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2006" (PDF) . International Energy Agency . Retrieved 9 June 2008 .
  19. ↑ "Renewables 2007 Global Status Report" (PDF) . Worldwatch Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2008 . Retrieved 30 April 2008 .
  20. ↑ Del Chiaro, Bernadette; Telleen-Lawton, Timothy. "Solar Water Heating (How California Can Reduce Its Dependence on Natural Gas)" (PDF) . Environment California Research and Policy Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
  21. ↑ Apte, J.; et al. "Future Advanced Windows for Zero-Energy Homes" (PDF) . American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2008 . Retrieved 9 April 2008 .
  22. ↑ "Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems Volume III: Energy Savings Potential" (PDF) . United States Department of Energy . Retrieved 24 June 2008 .
  23. ↑ Mazria (1979), pp. 29?35
  24. ↑ Bright, David (18 February 1977). "Passive solar heating simpler for the average owner" . Bangor Daily News . Retrieved 3 July 2011 .
  25. ↑ Mazria (1979), p. 255
  26. ↑ Balcomb (1992), p. 56
  27. ↑ Anderson and Palkovic (1994), p. xi
  28. ↑ Butti and Perlin (1981), pp. 54?59
  29. ↑ , Anderson and Palkovic (1994), p. xii
  30. ↑ Anderson and Palkovic (1994), p. xiii
  31. ↑ "Sir Henry Bessemer | English inventor and engineer" . Encyclopedia Britannica (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-06-11 .
  32. ↑ Kanta Ghosh? Gopi. Solar Energy: The Infinite Source . ?.  ? .
  33. ↑ https://www.radiofarda.com/a/solar-energy-rafsenjan/28703626.html
  34. ↑ Balcomb(1992), p. 6
  35. ↑ "Request for Participation Summer 2005 Demand Shifting with Thermal Mass" (PDF) . Demand Response Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2008 . Retrieved 26 November 2007 .
  36. ↑ Butti and Perlin (1981), pp. 212?14
  37. ↑ "Advantages of Using Molten Salt" . Sandia National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
  38. ↑ "PV Systems and Net Metering" . Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008 . Retrieved 31 July 2008 .
  39. ↑ "Pumped Hydro Storage" . Electricity Storage Association. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008 . Retrieved 31 July 2008 .
  40. ↑ ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ? ????? ???? .

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