??????? ??????

??????? ??????
??????? ??????
??????
?????????
	Flag Coat of arms
	; ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????
???? ???
	???? ??? ??????
????	???????
???????
???????
? ????? ???????	? ????? ???? ????
? ??? ???????	? ????? ???? ????
?????	????
	??????? ??????
???????
?????? ???? ??	???????

??????? ?????? (?? ??????? : Algerie francaise ) ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.

?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (????-????) ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????. ^[?] ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? "????? ???" ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????. ^[?]^[?]^[?] ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????. ^[?]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur . Yale University Press. pp. 364 ?ff. ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3 . In Algeria, colonization and genocidal massacres proceeded in tandem. From 1830 to 1847, its European settler population quadrupled to 104,000. Of the native Algerian population of approximately 3 million in 1830, about 500,000 to 1 million perished in the first three decades of French conquest.
↑ W. Alade Fawole (June 2018). The Illusion of the Post-Colonial State: Governance and Security Challenges in Africa . Lexington Books. p. 158. ISBN 9781498564618 .
↑ Marnia Lazreg (23 April 2014). The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in Question . p. 42. ISBN 9781134713301 .
↑ "Prise de tete Marcel Bigeard, un soldat propre ?" . L'Humanite (?? ???????). 24 June 2000 . Retrieved 15 February 2007 .
↑ Bernardot, Marc (2008). Camps d'etrangers (?? ???????). Paris: Terra. p. 127. ISBN 9782914968409 .

?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ≪French Algeria≫ .

??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???. ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ????.

[Kiernan2007-1] Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur . Yale University Press. pp. 364 ?ff. ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3 . In Algeria, colonization and genocidal massacres proceeded in tandem. From 1830 to 1847, its European settler population quadrupled to 104,000. Of the native Algerian population of approximately 3 million in 1830, about 500,000 to 1 million perished in the first three decades of French conquest.

[Fawole-2] W. Alade Fawole (June 2018). The Illusion of the Post-Colonial State: Governance and Security Challenges in Africa . Lexington Books. p. 158. ISBN 9781498564618 .

[3] Marnia Lazreg (23 April 2014). The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in Question . p. 42. ISBN 9781134713301 .

[Huma00-4] "Prise de tete Marcel Bigeard, un soldat propre ?" . L'Humanite (?? ???????). 24 June 2000 . Retrieved 15 February 2007 .

[5] Bernardot, Marc (2008). Camps d'etrangers (?? ???????). Paris: Terra. p. 127. ISBN 9782914968409 .

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]