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?????? ????????? ( ??????? : Institutional economics) ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??????-??????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ???????? ???? (Thorstein Veblen) ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ≪??????≫ (Instrumental) ? ??????? ≪????????≫ (Ceremonial) ????? ???? ??. ??? ????? ?? ≪ ???????? ????≫ ????? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???. [?]

????????? ≪????≫ ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? (?? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????). [?] ????? (?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????) ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ????????? ???? (? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????) ?? ?? ??? ????? ????: ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ? ????? ??????-??????? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? (Thorstein Veblen)? ???? ???? (Wesley Mitchell)? ? ??? ?????? (John R. Commons) ???? ????. [?] ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? (??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ) ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????.

??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??. ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? (?? ????? ?? ???? ????) ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???. [?] ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????).

????????????? ?????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ???? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????: ?????? ????
???????? ???? (Thorstein Veblen) ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??.

???????? ???? (?????????) ?????? ? ????????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. [?] ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? (?????) ????? ???. ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? [?? ??????????] ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? (????? ?? ???) ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? (???????? ????) ??????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???.

?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????.

???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ≪??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????≫ ????? ??? [?] ? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????.

??? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??? ?????? (John R. Commons) ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????

??? ?????? (?????????) ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????. ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????.

?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????.

???? ???? [ ?????? ]

???? ???? (Wesley Clair Mitchell) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???.

???? ???? ???? (?????????) ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??. ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? (NBER) ??? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???. ???????? ????? ???? ?????? (James laughlin)? ? ??? ???? (John Dewey) ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????.

?????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????? ????? ???? (?????????) ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ≪???????? ???????? ? ??????≫ ????? ??? ? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????-??????? ???.

?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ≪?????????≫? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ≪???? ?????≫ (Schein) ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ≪????-???????????????≫ (????????? ???) ??????? ?? ?? ???????.

????? ??? [ ?????? ]

????? ??? (Adolf A. Berle) ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???.

????? ??? (?????????) ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ?????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? (Gardiner Means) ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????.

????? ?????? ???? ????? (?? ?????? ???? ??????? )? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???. ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???.

?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ≪ ????? ???? ≫ (New Deal) ?? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? (??????????)? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????.

≪?????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? [?? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??] ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ??????… ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???… ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????.≫ [?]

??? ??????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????: ??? ??? ????????
??? ??????? (John Kenneth Galbraith) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???.

??? ??? ??????? (?????????) ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??. ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????) ???. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? (?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???) ??????? ??????. [?]

?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? (?????? ??????) ?? ?? ??? ??????. ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???. [?]

??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????.

?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????. ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ≪????????? ????≫ ( ?????? ???????? ) ??????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ? ????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ????.

?????? ????????? ???? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????: ?????? ????????? ????

?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ? [??] ? ????????? ?????? [??] ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???. [??]

?????? ????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? (Endogenous) ?????. ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ???????: ≪?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???.≫

????? ????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? (Heterodox) ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??-??? ??? (Ha-Joon Chang) ? ???? ?????? (Geoffrey Hadgson)? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???.

???? ?????? ??? (Lars Palsson Syll)? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????. [??] ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? (?????????????) ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???. [??]

???????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ≪????≫ ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ≪????≫? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ≪???????≫ ????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????. [??]

?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ≪??????????≫ ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (? ≪ ??????????? ≫) ???????? ??? ? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????. ???? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ??? ≪???????≫? ?? ??????? ???. [??]

????? ?? ???????? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ?????? ???? (Richard Thaler) ? ?? ???????? (Cass Sunstein) , [??] ????????? ???? ????? (Nudge) ? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???. [??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ Warren J. Samuels ([1987] 2008). "institutional economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics . ?????.
  2. ↑ "AMERICAN INSTITUTIONAL SCHOOL" . 19 March 2009. Archived from the original on 19 March 2009 . Retrieved 1 April 2018 .
  3. ↑ Malcolm,Dewey and Reese Rutherford (2008). "institutionalism, old," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 2nd Edition, v. 4, pp. 374?81. ?????.
  4. ↑ Li, Rita Yi Man and Li, Yi Lut (2013) The relationship between law and economic growth: A paradox in China Cities, Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 19?30, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2290481
  5. ↑ Heilbroner, Robert (2000) [1953]. The Worldly Philosophers (seventh ed.). London: Penguin Books. pp. 221, 228?33, 244
  6. ↑ Veblen, Th. 1898 "Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science", The Quarterly Journal of Economics , 12 .
  7. ↑ Berle (1967) p. xxiii
  8. ↑ Galbraith (1958) Chapter 2 (Although Galbraith claimed to coin the phrase 'conventional wisdom,' the phrase is used several times in a book by Thorstein Veblen that Galbraith might have read, The Instinct of Workmanship .)
  9. ↑ Galbraith (1958) Chapter 11
  10. ↑ Dean Lueck (2008). "property law, economics and," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 2nd Edition. ?????.
  11. ↑ M. Klaes (2008). "transaction costs, history of," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 2nd Edition. ?????.
  12. ↑ ? Ronald Coase (1998). "The New Institutional Economics," American Economic Review , 88(2), pp. 72?74 .
       ? _____ (1991). "The Institutional Structure of Production," Nobel Prize Lecture PDF , reprinted in 1992, American Economic Review , 82(4), pp. 713?19 .
       ? Douglass C. North (1995). "The New Institutional Economics and Third World Development," in The New Institutional Economics and Third World Development , J. Harriss, J. Hunter, and C. M. Lewis, ed. , pp. 17?26.
       ? Elinor Ostrom (2005). "Doing Institutional Analysis: Digging Deeper than Markets and Hierarchies," Handbook of New Institutional Economics , C. Menard and M. Shirley, eds. Handbook of New Institutional Economics , pp. 819 ?48. Springer.
       ? Oliver E. Williamson (2000). "The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead," Journal of Economic Literature , 38(3), pp. 595?613 ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine .
  13. ↑ Gudeman, Stephen (2005). Peopled Economies: Conversations With Stephen Gudeman . Staffan Lofving. ISBN   91-974705-6-2 .
  14. ↑ "LARS PALSSON SYLL" . Arenagruppen. Archived from the original on 2013-05-27 . Retrieved 2012-04-17 .
  15. ↑ ???? ???? David Hamilton, "Why is Institutional economics not institutional?" The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Vol. 21. no. 3. July 1962. pp. 309?17.
  16. ↑ Thaler., R.H.; Sunstein, C.R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness . New Haven, MA: Yale University Press.
  17. ↑ Marglin, Stephen A. (2008). The Dismal Science: How Thinking Like an Economist Undermines Community . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

????? [ ?????? ]

  • ?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Institutional economics ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ????.
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  • Bromley, Daniel (2006). Sufficient Reason: Volitional Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions , Princeton University Press.
  • Chang, Ha-Joon (2002). Globalization, Economic Development and the Role of the State , Zed Books.
  • Cheung, Steven N. S. (1970). "The Structure of a Contract and the Theory of a Non-Exclusive Resource," Journal of Law and Economics , 13(1), pp. 49?70 .
  • Commons, John R. (1931). "Institutional Economics," American Economic Review Vol. 21: p pp. 648?57 .
  • _____ (1931). "Institutional Economics," American Economic Review , Vol. 21, No. 4 (Dec.), Vol. 26, No. 1, (1936): pp. ?????? .
  • _____ (1934 [1986]). Institutional Economics: Its Place in Political Economy , Macmillan. Description and preview.
  • Davis, John B. (2007). "The Nature of Heterodox Economics," Post-autistic Economics Review, issue no. 40. [?]
  • _____, “Why Is Economics Not Yet a Pluralistic Science?”, Post-autistic Economics Review , issue no. 43, 15 September, pp. 43?51.
  • Easterly, William (2001). "Can Institutions Resolve Ethnic Conflict?" Economic Development and Cultural Change , Vol. 49, No. 4), pp. 687?706 ??????????? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine .
  • Fiorito, Luca and Massimiliano Vatiero, (2011). "Beyond Legal Relations: Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld's Influence on American Institutionalism". Journal of Economics Issues , 45 (1): 199?222.
  • Galbraith, John Kenneth, (1973). "Power & the Useful Economist," American Economic Review 63:1?11.
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  • _____, ed. (2003). Recent Developments in Institutional Economics , Elgar. Description and contents.
  • _____ (2004). The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure and Darwinism in American Institutionalism , London and New York: Routledge.
  • Geoffrey M. Hodgson and Thorbjørn Knudsen, " Darwin's Conjecture " The Montreal Review (August, 2011).
  • Hodgson, Samuels, & Tool (1994). The Elgar Companion to Institutional & Evolutionary Economics , Edward Elgar.
  • Keaney, Michael, (2002). "Critical Institutionalism: From American Exceptionalism to International Relevance", in Understanding Capitalism: Critical Analysis From Karl Marx to Amartya Sen , ed. Doug Dowd, Pluto Press.
  • Nicita, A. , and M. Vatiero (2007). “The Contract and the Market: Towards a Broader Notion of Transaction?”. Studi e Note di Economia , 1:7?22.
  • North, Douglass C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance , Cambridge University Press.
  • Elinor Ostrom (2005). "Doing Institutional Analysis: Digging Deeper than Markets and Hierarchies," Handbook of New Institutional Economics , C. Menard and M. Shirley, eds. Handbook of New Institutional Economics , pp. 819 ?848. Springer.
  • Rutherford, Malcolm (2001). "Institutional Economics: Then and Now," Journal of Economic Perspectives , Vol. 15, No. 3 (Summer), pp. 173?94 .
  • _____ (2011). The Institutionalist Movement in American Economics, 1918-1947: Science and Social Control , Cambridge University Press.
  • Li, Rita Yi Man (2011). "Everyday Life Application of Neo-institutional Economics: A Global Perspective", Germany, Lambert.
  • Schmid, A. Allan (2004). Conflict & Cooperation: Institutional & Behavioral Economics , Blackwell.
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  • From The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008):
Polterovich, Victor. "institutional traps." ?????.
Rutherford, Malcolm. "institutionalism, old." ?????.
Samuels, Warren J. [1987]. "institutional economics." ?????.
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