?????? ????? ??????
?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??
?????? ????? ????
? ????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????
????? ?????? ?????
???? ? ???? ???? ???
[??]
??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????
??????????? ????? ????
?? ???? ? ?? ???? ????
?????? ???? ????
(PPP) ?? ??
???
????? ???? ???? ???????.
?????? ?????
??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???
??????
???? ? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????
??? ??????
?
??????
?
????????
? ? ??????? ??????
??????
? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ??????
?????? ????? ??????
??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???. ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???. ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
???
?
??????? ?????
?
??????
?
?????
?
???
?
????
?
??? ?????
?
????????
?
??????
?????. ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???. ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? USMCA?
????????
?
??? ?????
?
?????
?
???????
? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
????? ?????? ????? ????? (????)
? ????? ????????
????? ?????? ????? ????? (PPP)
?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???.
?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????
??????
? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? OECD ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???.
?? ????? ?????? ????? ??
????????? ????????
?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???.
???????
????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????.
????
??????? ?
????
????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ??????? ?????. ???????????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ???. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ≪???? ????? ????? ????????≫? ≪????? ??????????? ?????≫ ? ????? ???? ???.
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?
??? ??????
?? ??????? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
???? ???
????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??.
????? ???? ?????????
[
??????
]
?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ????
??? ????
(??
???????
:
bubble effect
)
?? ???????? ???? ??????
???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
??? ??
?
???? ??
?
???? ??????
?
???? ????
?
???????? ??????
(????? ?? ≪????≫ WaMu) ?
???????
????? ??
????? ???????
?????? ?? ??
??? ??????
????? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ?????.
??? ????
?
????? ??????
???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ? ???????????? ???? ???? ??????
?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??
??? ??????
? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??.
[??]
?????? ?????
[
??????
]
???????
? ??????????? ? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????
??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
?????? ???? ?? ?????
??? ?????
? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??
?????? ??????
????????.
??????
??? ????? ????
???? ??????????
????? ???????? ????? ?
??????
????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ??
?????????????????
??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????
?????????
??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????.
[??]
?????? ?? ???? ?????
????? ?????? ?????
???? ??? ?? ????.
?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??
???
????.
[??]
(???????????????? ???? ?? ??? ????)
????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????
?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????. (????????? ??????? ????)
????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????. (??????, ??????? ????).
www
.usdebtclock
.org
??????? ???????
[
??????
]
?? ???? ???? ??? ????
????? ?????? ?????: ?? ??????? ???? ??????
??? ???????: ??? ????
????? ????? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???? ??????
??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????: ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (????)
????
:????
????? ???
?? ???
: ????? (????)
???? ????:????? (2020)
????? ???: ????? ?????? (???????? ???????? ? ????????: ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ????: ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?????: ?????? ???? ?????: ?????) (????)
???????: ????
?????? ? ???? ?????: $??????
????? ????: ?????????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???: ? ?? (????? ????)
??????: $????? ???????
??????? ???????
??????? ?????: ?????
??????? ???????: ?????
???? ? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ????????? (????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????) ??????? ????? (???????? ??????)
????? ???? ?? ??????: ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????
??????: $???? ???????
??????? ???????:
??????? ???????:?????
????? ?????: ?????
???? ? ??????? ????? ?????
??????? ????????? (????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????)
??????? ????? (?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????)
????? ???? ?? ??????:
???
???? ?????
??????? ?????
??????
?????
??????
??????
???? ?????
????
??
???? ?????: $???? ??????? (????)
???????? ?????: $?????? ???????
???? ????? (????): $??? ???????
???????: $ ???? ??????? (????)
?????: $ ????? ???????
??????? ???????: $????? ???????
????? ?????: $???? ???????
???? ???:
???? ??????
??? ????: ? ????? ? ?? ???????
????? ??? ??????
?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? (income tax) ? ?????? ???? (sales tax) ?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???.
[??]
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? (property tax) ??? ?????? ???????.
[??]
?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????:
?????
?
??????
?
?????
?
??????? ?????
?
???????
?
????????
? ?
????????
.
[??]
???????? ??????
[
??????
]
- ↑
Jones, Huw (March 24, 2022).
"New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index"
.
www.reuters.com
. Retrieved
July 29,
2022
.
????:SemiBareRefNeedsTitle
- ↑
"The Global Financial Centres Index 32"
. Long Finance. September 22, 2022
. Retrieved
September 22,
2022
.
- ↑
"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022"
.
IMF.org
.
International Monetary Fund
. Retrieved
April 20,
2022
.
- ↑
"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
.
datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
.
World Bank
. Retrieved
September 29,
2019
.
- ↑
"U.S. and World Population Clock"
. U.S.census.gov <
https://www.census.gov
>
. Retrieved
2022-01-01
.
- ↑
???
???
???
???
"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2022"
.
imf.org
.
International Monetary Fund
.
- ↑
https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/gdp4q22_adv.pdf
- ↑
???
???
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2023/01/31/world-economic-outlook-update-january-2023
- ↑
???
???
"Field Listing: GDP ? Composition, by Sector of Origin"
.
Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook
.
Central Intelligence Agency
. Retrieved
April 3,
2018
.
- ↑
"January CPI inflation rate slows to 6.4% but monthly inflation rose by 0.5%"
.
- ↑
????
????
"Poverty in the United States: 2021"
.
United States Census Bureau
. September 13, 2022
. Retrieved
October 5,
2022
.
- ↑
"Income Distribution Measures and Percent Change Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income"
(PDF)
.
census.gov
. United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
January 15,
2021
.
- ↑
"The Distribution of Household Income, 2017"
(PDF)
.
cbo.gov
.
Congressional Budget Office
. October 2, 2020. pp. 31, 32
. Retrieved
October 19,
2020
.
- ↑
"Human Development Index (HDI)"
.
hdr.undp.org
.
HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
United Nations Development Programme
. Retrieved
November 12,
2022
.
- ↑
"Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)"
.
hdr.undp.org
.
UNDP
. Retrieved
November 12,
2022
.
- ↑
????
????
????
????
????
"Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age"
.
BLS.gov
.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
. Retrieved
October 4,
2020
.
- ↑
"Employment by major industry sector"
. Bureau of Labor Statistics
. Retrieved
July 5,
2018
.
- ↑
"Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and Salary Workers First Quarter 2017"
.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
. U.S. Department of Labor. July 17, 2018
. Retrieved
September 13,
2018
.
- ↑
"Usual Weekly Earnings Summary"
(PDF)
.
www.bls.gov
. Bureau of Labor Statistics. January 17, 2020.
- ↑
????
????
"us-international-trade-goods-and-services-december-2021"
.
Bureau of Economic Analysis-U.S. Department of commerce
. Retrieved
April 16,
2022
.
- ↑
"Exports of goods by principal end-use category"
(PDF)
.
Census Bureau
.
- ↑
????
????
"U.S. trade in goods with World, Seasonally Adjusted"
(PDF)
.
United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
June 1,
2021
.
- ↑
"Imports of goods by principal end-use category"
(PDF)
.
Census Bureau
.
- ↑
????
????
"UNCTAD 2022"
(PDF)
.
UNCTAD
. Retrieved
2022-01-06
.
- ↑
????
????
????
????
????
"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2022"
.
imf.org
.
International Monetary Fund
.
- ↑
"Treasury TIC Data"
. U.S. Department of the Treasury
. Retrieved
January 30,
2022
.
- ↑
"Development aid rises again in 2016 but flows to poorest countries dip"
.
OECD
. ????? 11, 2017
. Retrieved
September 25,
2017
.
- ↑
"Sovereigns rating list"
. Standard & Poor's. Archived from
the original
on June 18, 2011
. Retrieved
August 20,
2011
.
- ↑
????
????
- ↑
Riley, Charles (August 2, 2017).
"Moody's affirms Aaa rating, lowers outlook"
. CNN.
- ↑
"Fitch Affirms United States at 'AAA'; Outlook Stable"
.
Fitch Ratings
.
- ↑
"Scope affirms the United States of America's AA ratings with Stable Outlook"
.
Scope Ratings
.
- ↑
"U.S. International Reserve Position"
.
Treasury.gov
. Retrieved
January 18,
2019
.
- ↑
Forbes, Jack D. “THE NEW ASSIMILATION MOVEMENT: STANDARDS, TESTS, AND ANGLO-AMERICAN SUPREMACY. ” Journal of American Indian Education, vol. 39, no. 2, University of Minnesota Press, 2000, pp. 7?28, JSTOR 24398428
- ↑
Egg Cracks Differ In Housing, Finance Shells
??? ?????? ??????
- ↑
??? ????????- ????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???????- ?????? ?. ??? - ??? ?????? -
??? ????
- ??? ??? ????- ? ??
- ↑
???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? - ⓒ ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???
- ↑
≪???? ????? ???≫
. ??????????? ??
????
?? ?? ???? ????
. ?????????? ??
?? ???? ????
.
- ↑
≪Individual Income Tax Rates-2008≫
. ??????????? ??
????
?? ? ????? ????
. ?????????? ??
?? ???? ????
.
- ↑
≪Which states have no personal income tax? - Do You Know at GovSpot.com≫
. ??????????? ??
????
?? ?? ???? ????
. ?????????? ??
?? ???? ????
.
????? ?? ?????
[
??????
]