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  1. Lynn, Richard; Irwing, P.; Cammock, T. (2002). "Sex differences in general knowledge" . Intelligence . 30 : 27?39. doi : 10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00064-2 .
  2. T. C. Bates and A. Shieles. (2003). Crystallized Intelligence as a product of Speed and Drive for Experience: The Relationship of Inspection Time and Openness to g and Gc. Intelligence , 31 , 275-287