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?????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? (Esperanto: denaskulo or denaska esperantisto) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????. ^[?]^[?]

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?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????. ^[?] ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????????. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ^[?]^[?]

????? ?????????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??. ????? (?????????)? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???. ^[?]

????????????? ??????? ????? [ ?????? ]

???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????. ??????? ?????-???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???. ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????:

??? ????? (???? ?? ??? ????) ???? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ???????? ???. ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ???. ^[?] ?? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????.

??? ???? (Petr Ginz)? (???? ? ????? ???? - ??????? ?? ??????? ????)? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??. ?? ?????????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? 50413 Petrginz ???????? ???????. ^[?]

????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ???. ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???. ^[?]

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?????????? - ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????.
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????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

DENASK-L (?????????) — ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????????????? ???????
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↑ Corsetti, Renato (1996). A mother tongue spoken mainly by fathers . Language Problems and Language Planning 20: 3, 263-73
↑ ^??? ^??? Benjamin Bergen (2001), " Nativization processes in L1 Esperanto ", Journal of Child Language 28:575?595 doi:10.1017/S0305000901004779
↑ Corsetti, Pinto, & Tolomeo (2004) " Regularizing the regular : The phenomenon of overregularization in Esperanto-speaking children", Language Problems and Language Planning, 28:261?282
↑ Jouko Lindstedt (January 2006). "Native Esperanto as a Test Case for Natural Language" (PDF) . University of Helsinki ? Department of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
↑ For example, the Klunder family (interview with a second-generation native Esperanto-speaker , Esperanto Language Blog , 2013 Jun 13)
↑ Cowan, Alison Leigh (December 16, 2010). "How Do You Say 'Billionaire' in Esperanto?" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 27, 2011 .
↑ Ginz, Petr. Taglibro de Mia Frato: Memornotoj de Petr Ginz El la Jaroj 1941-1942 . Kava-Pech, 2005. ( ISBN 8085853795 , 9788085853797)
↑ "Daniel Bovet" . Nndb.com. 1903-06-19 . Retrieved 2012-04-29 .

????? [ ?????? ]

????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????
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[1] Corsetti, Renato (1996). A mother tongue spoken mainly by fathers . Language Problems and Language Planning 20: 3, 263-73

[Bergen-2] ??? ^??? Benjamin Bergen (2001), " Nativization processes in L1 Esperanto ", Journal of Child Language 28:575?595 doi:10.1017/S0305000901004779

[3] Corsetti, Pinto, & Tolomeo (2004) " Regularizing the regular : The phenomenon of overregularization in Esperanto-speaking children", Language Problems and Language Planning, 28:261?282

[lindstedt-4] Jouko Lindstedt (January 2006). "Native Esperanto as a Test Case for Natural Language" (PDF) . University of Helsinki ? Department of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )

[5] For example, the Klunder family (interview with a second-generation native Esperanto-speaker , Esperanto Language Blog , 2013 Jun 13)

[6] Cowan, Alison Leigh (December 16, 2010). "How Do You Say 'Billionaire' in Esperanto?" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 27, 2011 .

[7] Ginz, Petr. Taglibro de Mia Frato: Memornotoj de Petr Ginz El la Jaroj 1941-1942 . Kava-Pech, 2005. ( ISBN 8085853795 , 9788085853797)

[8] "Daniel Bovet" . Nndb.com. 1903-06-19 . Retrieved 2012-04-29 .

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