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??? ????? ????	Ida Bell Wells
?????	?? ?????? ???? ; ???? ???????? (????????) , ?????? ????? ??????
??????	?? ???? ???? (?? ???) ; ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????
???????	Freedman's School ; Rust College ; Fisk University
????	???? ???? ? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????
??? ?????	??? ???????????
????(??)	Ferdinand L. Barnett
??????	James Wells and Elizabeth "Izzy Bell" Warrenton

???? ?? ??? ????? ( ??????? : Ida Bell Wells-Barnett ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ???? ????) ????? ?? ???? ?. ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ^[?] ? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???. ^[?] ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ^[?]

???? ? ??????? [ ?????? ]

???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ^[?] ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???. ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ??????? ≪????≫ ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ^[?]? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ^[?] ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ^[?] ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ≪??? ??≫ ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ???????? ???. ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? (?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????) ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???. ^[?] ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???. ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??. ^[?] ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????????. ??? ? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ? ??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????. ^[?]

???? ??? [ ?????? ]

?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ^[?] ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??.

?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???. ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? (Rosa Parks) ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????. ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????.

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Candeloro, Dominic (April 1979). "The Single Tax Movement and Progressivism, 1880-1920" . American Journal of Economics and Sociology . 38 (2): 125. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015 . Retrieved 16 July 2015 .
↑ "Ida B. Wells Speaks Out Against Lynching", in Susan Ware, ed. Modern American Women: a Documentary History
↑ "Guide to the Ida B. Wells Papers 1884-1976" . University of Chicago Library . Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 21 March 2015 .
↑ "Ida B. Wells Barnett biography" . Women in History . Women In History Ohio . Retrieved 21 March 2015 .
↑ ^??? ^??? Jennifer McBride, Ida B. Wells: Crusade for Justice (film) , Webster University. Accessed April 31, 2011. ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine
↑ ^??? ^??? Dorrien, Gary (2015). The New Abolition: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Black Social Gospel . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 85.
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? McMurry, Linda O. (December 14, 2000). To Keep the Waters Troubled: The Life of Ida B. Wells . Oxford Univ. Press . Retrieved July 16, 2015 .

[1] Candeloro, Dominic (April 1979). "The Single Tax Movement and Progressivism, 1880-1920" . American Journal of Economics and Sociology . 38 (2): 125. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015 . Retrieved 16 July 2015 .

[2] "Ida B. Wells Speaks Out Against Lynching", in Susan Ware, ed. Modern American Women: a Documentary History

[UCLib-3] "Guide to the Ida B. Wells Papers 1884-1976" . University of Chicago Library . Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 21 March 2015 .

[WIH-4] "Ida B. Wells Barnett biography" . Women in History . Women In History Ohio . Retrieved 21 March 2015 .

[McBride-5] ??? ^??? Jennifer McBride, Ida B. Wells: Crusade for Justice (film) , Webster University. Accessed April 31, 2011. ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine

[thenew-6] ??? ^??? Dorrien, Gary (2015). The New Abolition: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Black Social Gospel . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 85.

[mcmurry-7] ??? ^??? ^??? McMurry, Linda O. (December 14, 2000). To Keep the Waters Troubled: The Life of Ida B. Wells . Oxford Univ. Press . Retrieved July 16, 2015 .

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