From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Wikipedia uses
Pha?k-fa-s?
(PFS) to transcribe the
Sixian dialect
of
Hakka
and
Guangdong Romanization
(GD) for the
Meixian dialect
. See
Module:hak-pron
for the code.
| PFS
|
HRS
|
GD
|
Hagfa
Pinyim
|
HT
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
Notes
|
| N. Sixian
|
S. Sixian
|
Meixian
|
| p
|
b
|
[p]
|
巴
包
本
|
|
| b
|
bb
|
[b]
|
|
|
| ph
|
p
|
[p?]
|
爬
病
片
|
|
| m
|
[m]
|
馬
毛
門
|
|
| f
|
[f]
|
花
方
湖
|
|
| v
|
[v ~ ?]
|
完
歪
烏
|
|
| t
|
d
|
[t]
|
打
鳥
白
短
|
|
| th
|
t
|
[t?]
|
斷
他
田
|
|
| n
|
[n]
|
拿
內
農
|
|
| l
|
[l]
|
來
連
力
|
|
| k
|
g
|
[k]
|
加
高
瓜
|
|
| k(i)
|
g(i)
|
[k]
|
[c]
|
?
間
?
|
|
| kh
|
k
|
[k?]
|
?
確
快
|
|
| kh(i)
|
k(i)
|
[k?]
|
[c?]
|
其
茄
牽
|
|
| ng
|
[ŋ]
|
??
牙
外
|
|
| ng(i)
|
[?]
|
人
年
月
|
|
| h
|
[h]
|
客
後
海
|
|
| h(i)
|
[h]
|
[c]
|
希
血
現
|
|
| ch
|
z
|
[t?s]
|
渣
紙
做
|
|
| ch(i)
|
j
|
[t??]
|
?
祭
酒
|
|
| ch
|
zh
|
[t??]
|
|
|
| chh
|
c
|
[t?s?]
|
叉
菜
深
|
|
| chh(i)
|
q
|
[t???]
|
取
前
秋
|
|
| chh
|
ch
|
[t???]
|
|
|
| s
|
[s]
|
蛇
生
水
|
|
| s(i)
|
x
|
[?]
|
西
先
心
|
|
| s
|
sh
|
[?]
|
西
先
心
|
|
| j(i)
|
rh
|
[?]
|
|
|
| y(i)
|
-(i) ~ r(i)
|
y(i)
|
y(i)
|
?
|
? ~
[j]
|
?
|
一
圓
有
|
The
i
is omitted in PFS, GD and Hagfa Pinyim
if not followed by another vowel.
|
| PFS
|
HRS
|
GD
|
Hagfa
Pinyim
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
Notes
|
| N. Sixian
|
S. Sixian
|
Meixian
|
| ?
|
ii
|
i
|
/?/
,
/z?/
|
紫
遲
時
|
Only with initials
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| i
|
/i/
|
杯
知
?
|
Only with initials other than
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| u
|
/u/
|
布
都
古
|
|
| a
|
/a/
|
巴
他
家
|
|
| ia
|
/ia/
|
謝
寫
爺
|
|
| oa
|
ua
|
/ua/
|
瓜
掛
誇
|
|
| e
|
e
|
e
|
/e/
|
個
仔
?～
洗
|
|
| ie
|
ie
|
ie
|
/ie/
|
街
北
契
四
厥
梅：～個
|
|
| oe
|
ue
|
ue
|
ue
|
/ue/
|
□
狀聲詞
|
|
| o
|
/o/
|
多
火
好
四
|
|
| io
|
/io/
|
茄
靴
?
|
|
| -
|
uo
|
-
|
/uo/
|
果
過
|
Merged with
/o/
in Sixian
|
| m
|
/m?/
|
毋
～係
|
|
| n
|
/n?/
|
?
?
|
|
| ng
|
-
|
ng
|
/ŋ?/
|
-
|
魚
五
吳
|
Merged with
/n?/
in Meixian
|
| ai
|
/ai/
|
災
拜
猜
|
|
| iai
|
-
|
/iai/
|
解
介
界
|
Merged with
/ie/
in N. Sixian
|
| oai
|
uai
|
/uai/
|
乖
快
怪
|
|
| oi
|
/oi/
|
愛
會
背
|
|
| ioi
|
-
|
ioi
|
/ioi/
|
-
|
??
|
Merged with
/oi/
in Meixian
|
| ui
|
/ui/
|
內
危
水
|
|
| iui
|
/iui/
|
銳
睿
|
| au
|
/au/
|
包
燒
梅
好
梅
|
|
| iau
|
/iau/
|
?
曉
表
梅
|
|
| eu
|
eu
|
eu
|
/eu/
|
兜
燒
四
表
四
|
|
| iu
|
/iu/
|
有
九
酒
|
|
| ?m
|
iim
|
em
|
im
|
/?m/
|
/?m/
|
針
深
甚
|
Only with initials
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| im
|
/im/
|
音
心
林
|
Only with initials other than
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| am
|
/am/
|
暗
凡
擔
|
|
| iam
|
/iam/
|
炎
點
欠
|
|
| em
|
em
|
em
|
/em/
|
含
砧
岑
|
|
| ?n
|
iin
|
en
|
in
|
/?n/
|
/?n/
|
?
陳
神
|
Only with initials
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| in
|
/in/
|
因
新
停
|
Only with initials other than
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| an
|
/an/
|
閒
完
蘭
|
|
| ian
|
-
|
/ian/
|
見
現
圓
|
Merged with
/ien/
in N. Sixian; only with initials
/k/
,
/k?/
,
/ŋ/
,
/h/
|
| oan
|
uan
|
/uan/
|
關
款
慣
|
|
| en
|
en
|
en
|
/en/
|
恩
朋
能
|
|
| ien
|
ien
|
ian
|
/ien/
|
千
田
圓
北
|
Usually only with initials other than
/k/
,
/k?/
,
/ŋ/
,
/h/
in S. Sixian and Meixian
|
| oen
|
uen
|
uen
|
uen
|
/uen/
|
耿
炯
|
|
| on
|
/on/
|
安
卵
斷
|
|
| ion
|
/ion/
|
軟
?
全
四
|
|
| -
|
uon
|
-
|
/uon/
|
官
觀
罐
|
Merged with
/on/
in Sixian
|
| un
|
/un/
|
本
滾
門
|
|
| iun
|
/iun/
|
雲
勤
近
|
|
| ang
|
/aŋ/
|
罌
行
正
白
|
|
| iang
|
/iaŋ/
|
營
驚
平
白
|
|
| oang
|
uang
|
/uaŋ/
|
梗
莖
?
|
|
| ong
|
/oŋ/
|
王
湯
上
|
|
| iong
|
/ioŋ/
|
羊
亮
網
|
|
| -
|
uong
|
-
|
/uoŋ/
|
光
廣
狂
|
Merged with
/oŋ/
in Sixian
|
| ung
|
/uŋ/
|
中
公
東
|
|
| iung
|
/iuŋ/
|
用
龍
頌
|
|
| ?p
|
iib
|
eb
|
ib
|
/?p?/
|
/?p?/
|
汁
十
濕
|
Only with initials
[t?s]
,
[s]
|
| ip
|
ib
|
/ip?/
|
邑
立
入
|
Only with initials other than
[t?s]
,
[s]
|
| ap
|
ab
|
/ap?/
|
鴨
法
答
|
|
| iap
|
iab
|
/iap?/
|
葉
接
貼
|
|
| ep
|
eb
|
eb
|
eb
|
/ep?/
|
?
撮
一～鹽
?
|
|
| ?t
|
iid
|
ed
|
id
|
/?t?/
|
/?t?/
|
質
姪
食
|
Only with initials
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| it
|
id
|
/it?/
|
一
筆
力
|
Only with initials other than
[t?s]
,
[t?s?]
,
[s]
|
| at
|
ad
|
/at?/
|
八
達
舌
|
|
| iat
|
iad
|
-
|
/iat?/
|
潔
月
乙
|
Merged with
/iet?/
in N. Sixian; only with initials
/k/
,
/k?/
,
/ŋ/
,
/h/
|
| oat
|
uad
|
/uat?/
|
刮
括
|
|
| et
|
ed
|
ed
|
ed
|
/et?/
|
?
北
色
|
|
| iet
|
ied
|
ied
|
iad
|
/iet?/
|
雪
裂
別
分～
|
Usually only with initials other than
/k/
,
/k?/
,
/ŋ/
,
/h/
in S. Sixian and Meixian
|
| oet
|
ued
|
ued
|
ued
|
/uet?/
|
國
?
?
|
|
| ot
|
od
|
/ot?/
|
?
發
～病
脫
|
|
| ut
|
ud
|
/ut?/
|
不
卒
骨
|
|
| iut
|
iud
|
/iut?/
|
屈
|
|
| ak
|
ag
|
/ak?/
|
?
百
石
|
|
| iak
|
iag
|
/iak?/
|
?
惜
壁
|
|
| oak
|
uag
|
/uak?/
|
?
|
|
| ok
|
og
|
/ok?/
|
惡
落
作
|
|
| iok
|
iog
|
/iok?/
|
藥
?
掠
|
|
| -
|
uog
|
-
|
/uok?/
|
郭
??
|
Merged with
/ok?/
in Sixian
|
| uk
|
ug
|
/uk?/
|
屋
木
竹
|
|
| iuk
|
iug
|
/iuk?/
|
育
畜
肉
|
|
| Tone name
|
Dark Level
陰平
|
Light Level
陽平
|
Rising
上聲
|
Departing
去聲
|
Dark Entering
陰入
|
Light Entering
陽入
|
| Tone number
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
| N. Sixian
|
??
24
|
?
11
|
??
31
|
?
55
|
?
2
|
?
5
|
| S. Sixian
|
??
24 /
?
33
|
| Meixian
|
?
44
|
??
53
|
?
1
|
| Example
|
夫
|
扶
|
府
(
f?
)
|
富
(
fu
)
|
福
|
服
|
| PFS
|
fu
|
fu
|
fu
|
fu
|
fuk
|
fu?k
|
| HRS
|
fu? / fu?
|
fuˇ
|
fu`
|
fu
|
fug`
|
fug
|
| GD / Hagfa Pinyim
|
fu
1
|
fu
2
|
fu
3
|
fu
4
|
fug
5
|
fug
6
|
