Wiktionary : About Chinese/Gan

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Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Nanchang dialect of Gan Chinese. See Module:gan-pron for the codes.

Initials

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IPA Xiong (1979 [1] , 1994 [2] ) MFCCD [3] Transcription Example Notes
/p/ p p b
/p?/ p‘ p? p
/m/ m m m
/f/ f f f
/t/ t t d
/t?/ t‘ t? t
/l/ l l l
/t?s/ ts ? z
/t?s?/ ts‘ ?? c
/s/ s s s
/t??/ t? ? j only before high front vowels
/t???/ t?‘ ?? q only before high front vowels
/n??/ ? ? ny ? only before high front vowels
/?/ ? ? x only before high front vowels
/k/ k k g
/k?/ k‘ k? k ?
/ŋ/ ŋ ŋ ng ?
/h/ h h h

Rhymes

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IPA Xiong (1994) [2] MFCCD [3] Transcription Example Notes
/z?/ ? ? i only after /t?s/ , /t?s?/ , /s/
/i/ i i i
/u/ u u u
/y/ y y y
/a/ a ? a ?
/ia/ ia i? ia
/ua/ ua u? ua
/o/ o o o
/uo/ uo uo uo
/e/ e e e
/ie/ ie ie ie
/ue/ ue - ue -
/ye/ ye ye ye
/?/ ? ? eo
/m?/ m? - m zero initial
/n?/ n? n? n ? zero initial
/ŋ?/ ŋ? ŋ? ng zero initial
/ai/ ai ai ai
/uai/ uai uai uai
/oi/ oi - oi - only used for interjections
/ei/ ei - ei - only used in contractions
/?i/ ?i ?i i only after /f/
/ui/ ui ui ui
/au/ au ?u au
/?u/ ?u ?u eu ?
/i?u/ i?u i?u ieu
/?u/ ?u ?u iu only after /t?s/ , /t?s?/ , /s/
/iu/ iu iu iu
/an/ an an an
/uan/ uan uan uan
/?n/ on ?n on
/u?n/ uon u?n uon
/y?n/ yon y?n yon ?
/?n/ ?n ?n en ?
/i?n/ i?n i?n ien
/?n/ ?n ?n iin
/in/ in in in
/un/ un un un
/yn/ yn yn yn
/aŋ/ ang
/iaŋ/ iaŋ i?ŋ iang
/uaŋ/ uaŋ u?ŋ uang
/?ŋ/ ong
/i?ŋ/ i?ŋ i?ŋ iong
/u?ŋ/ u?ŋ u?ŋ uong
/uŋ/ ung
/iuŋ/ iuŋ iuŋ iung
/at?/ at a? at
/uat?/ uat ua? uat ?
/?t?/ ot ?? ot
/u?t?/ uot u?? uot
/y?t?/ yot y?? yot
/?t?/ ?t ?? et
/i?t?/ i?t i?? iet
/u?t?/ u?t u?? uet
/?t?/ ?t ?? iit
/it?/ it i? it
/ut?/ ut u?? ut
/yt?/ yt y? yt
/a?/ a? ?? ah
/ia?/ ia? i?? iah
/ua?/ ua? - uah -
/??/ ?? ?? oh
/i??/ i?? i?? ioh
/u??/ u?? u?? uoh
/u?/ u? u? uh
/iu?/ iu? iu? iuh

Suprasegmentals

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Tones

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Tone name Tone value (Wiktionary; Xiong, 1979 [1] , 1994 [2] ) Tone value (MFCCD [3] ) Transcription Example Notes
dark level 42 1 ?
light level (A) 24 2 ? only with aspirated initials
rising 213 3
dark departing (or light level B) 35 45 4 only with unaspirated initials
light departing 11 21 5
dark checked 5 6
light checked 2 7
neutral (unmarked)

Tone sandhi

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Stress

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Stress is indicated by an apostrophe (') before the syllable.

今日 'jin 1 nyit 6
水果 sui 3 'guo 3

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 熊正? [ Xiong Zhenghui ] (1979 November 24) “ 南昌方言的??及其演? ”, in 方言 , number 4, year 1979 , pages 275?283
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 熊正? [ Xiong Zhenghui ] , editor ( 1994 ), Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects : Dictionary of the Nanchang Dialect
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) ? [1] , 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong ), 2014?