The
boreal forest
(also called "taiga", "the subarctic" or "near north") is a huge region stretching across the middle latitudes of
North America
and
Eurasia
. It includes everything north of the temperate grasslands and broadleaved forests but south of the true
Arctic
.
- 64.55
40.533333
1
Arkhangelsk
? 350,000 people, and major Russian seaport
- 52.283333
104.3
2
Irkutsk
? central Siberia
- 56.835556
60.612778
3
Yekaterinburg
? in the Ural mountains
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-147.723056
4
Fairbanks
? Alaska
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-81.01
5
Sudbury
? 161,531 people, nickle mining capital of Northern Ontario
- 56.726389
-111.380278
6
Fort McMurray
? in northern Alberta
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-89.2461
7
Thunder Bay
? at the head of the
Great Lakes
, on the Canadian side but close to the US border
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-92.098056
8
Duluth
? in Minnesota
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-84.35
9
Sault Ste. Marie
? twin cities on either side of St. Mary's River which connects Lake Superior and Lake Huron, with 73,368 in Ontario, Canada, and 13,552 in Michigan, USA
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17.285994
10
Sundsvall
? in northern Sweden
- 61.498056
23.76
11
Tampere
? one of Finland's main cities, in the Finnish Lakeland. Cruises along the waterways lead through beautiful boreal landscapes.
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-71.0667
12
Saguenay
? population 145,949 (2016), the seventh largest city in Quebec, located where the forest is penetrated by a fjord leading from the St. Lawrence River
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158.65
13
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
? around 200,000 people, the largest city of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Pacific
Other destinations
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edit
]
This is a vast band of forests that ring the globe. It's too cold here for most leafy trees, so spruces, pine and larch dominate (varying between regions). It's so cold that the fire season is short, and fires are spaced many years apart, giving trees time to compete with grasses.
Water evaporates slowly here, and tends to collect from year to year in every available depression. There are literally millions of lakes across the subarctic.
Soils are generally poor and the growing season is short, so agriculture is limited but does thrive in small belts. The main lifestyles of most peoples indigenous to this region are hunting, trapping, gathering, and fishing. Forestry has been important for the last centuries in some regions ? and in recent decades mining and hydroelectricity generation have spread to many previously roadless locations.
Some parts of the world that were once part of this vast forest have been almost completely deforested in recorded history, so the descriptions above no longer seem to fit, but are included on the map to the right. This applies to much of
Scotland
and
Iceland
.
Road connections are almost entirely from the south. As a general rule, the further north one goes, the more one relies on air and sea travel to get to the region.
Bush planes
are quite common in Alaska and Northern Canada. In the boreal parts of the
Nordic countries
, the road and rail connections are mostly good, with buses at least along the highways (and old steamers cruising with tourists in the
Finnish Lakeland
).
- See also:
Winter driving
- See also:
Driving in Canada
,
Driving in Finland
,
Driving in Iceland
,
Driving in Russia
,
Driving in Sweden
,
Driving in the United States
If one happens to be travelling by road, planning the route is crucial, as it is often hundreds of km between fuel and food stops.
In this part of the world, it's also not uncommon to travel by
canoe
,
dog sled, snowshoe, or cross-country skis.
While hiking in the wilderness is one of the best reasons to come here, it will often be near a city or highway. As anywhere, hiking farther in the wilderness requires planning and experience, but in the
Nordic countries
it is easy to access routes with few people and seemingly untouched nature, but still find huts or lodges for most nights.
Watch the
northern lights
(
aurora borealis
) dance in the sky on a dark evening. Depending on latitude and season, you may also be able to see the
midnight sun
.
Observe
wildlife
(
North American wildlife
or
Eurasian wildlife
), enjoy
birdwatching
or
wildlife photography
, or go
fishing
or
hunting
. Try being truly alone, and experience what
silence
really sounds like.
Russia's
Kolyma Highway
, Canada's
Stewart-Cassiar Highway
,
Dempster Highway
and
Mackenzie Highway
, Alaska's
Dalton Highway
, the
Alaska Highway
shared between Canada and the USA, and
Highway 4 (Finland)
are long-distance itineraries in this region.
Eat what the local indigenous people eat (the local wild game and forest plants and mushrooms), or be willing to pay the shipping costs involved in bringing farmed produce all the way up here.
- See also:
North American wildlife
,
Eurasian wildlife
,
Cold weather
To get to the
Arctic
, you can take the
Dalton Highway
in Alaska or the
Dempster Highway
in Canada, either of which will bring you to the shores of the Arctic Ocean. The European routes
E6
,
E45
,
E8
or
E75
, or Russian M-18, will likewise take you to the Arctic, through significantly more densely but still sparsely populated regions. Much travel to and in that region is by boat or aircraft, as the population often is too sparse to warrant the effort of building roads.