Code to uniquely identify scientific and other academic authors
Not to be confused with
ORCHID
.
ORCID
|
Full name
| Open Researcher and Contributor ID
|
---|
Organisation
| ORCID, Inc.
|
---|
Introduced
| 16 October 2012
(11 years ago)
(
2012-10-16
)
|
---|
No.
issued
| 14,727,479
|
---|
No.
of digits
| 16
|
---|
Check digit
| MOD 11-2
|
---|
Example
| https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
|
---|
Website
| orcid
.org
|
---|
The
ORCID
(
;
Open Researcher and Contributor ID
) is a nonproprietary
alphanumeric
code to uniquely identify authors and contributors of
scholarly communication
[1]
as well as ORCID's website and services to look up authors and their bibliographic output (and other user-supplied pieces of information).
This addresses the problem that a particular author's contributions to the
scientific literature
or publications can be hard to recognize as most
personal names
are not unique, they can change (
such as with marriage
), have cultural differences in name order, contain inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations and employ different
writing systems
. It provides a persistent identity for humans, similar to tax ID numbers, that are created for content-related entities on digital networks by
digital object identifiers
(DOIs).
[2]
Uses
[
edit
]
ORCID aims to provide a persistent code for humans,
[3]
to address the problem that a particular author's contributions to scholarly communication can be hard to recognize as most personal names are not unique and thus multiple persons of the same name could contribute to the same scholarly field, even from the same institutional department. Further, names can change (
such as with marriage
); there are cultural differences in
name ordering conventions
; journals make inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations,
name suffixes
, and middle initials; and employ different
writing systems
.
The ORCID organization, ORCID Inc., offers registered users to maintain "a constantly updated ‘digital curriculum vitae’ providing a picture of their contributions to science going far beyond the simple publication list",
[4]
hosted by ORCID, edited by the user.
Development and launch
[
edit
]
ORCID was first announced in 2009 as a collaborative effort by publishers of scholarly research "to resolve the author name ambiguity problem in scholarly communication".
[5]
The "Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative"?hence the name ORCID?was created temporarily prior to incorporation.
[6]
[7]
A prototype was developed on software adapted from that used by
Thomson Reuters
for its
ResearcherID
system.
[8]
ORCID, Inc. was incorporated as an independent nonprofit organization in August 2010 in Delaware, United States of America, with an international board of directors.
[9]
[10]
Its executive Director, Chris Shillum, was appointed in September 2020;
[11]
he succeeded the founding ED,
Laurel Haak
, who was appointed in April 2012.
[12]
From 2016, the board is chaired by
Veronique Kiermer
of
PLOS
[13]
(the former chair was
Ed Pentz
of
Crossref
). ORCID is freely usable and
interoperable
with other ID systems.
[4]
On 16 October 2012, ORCID launched its registry services
[14]
[15]
and started issuing user identifiers.
[16]
Adoption
[
edit
]
- On 15 November 2014, ORCID announced the one-millionth registration.
- On 20 November 2020, ORCID announced the ten-millionth registration.
[18]
- As of 2 August 2022
[update]
, the number of live accounts reported by ORCID was 14,727,479.
[19]
To encourage others to join them in supporting the adoption of ORCID, an open letter dated 1 January 2016 was crafted with "publishers that signed this open letter committed to requiring ORCID iDs following specific implementation standards."
[20]
[21]
In a 2021 update to the
Springer Nature
website, they noted that they would thenceforth "support verifying and crediting your
[peer] review
activity directly from our manuscript submission systems to ORCID."
[22]
Identifiers
[
edit
]
Formally, ORCID IDs are specified as URLs,
[23]
for example, the ORCID ID for
Josiah S. Carberry
(a fictitious professor whose ID is used in examples and testing) is https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
[24]
[25]
(both https:// and http:// forms are supported; the former became canonical in November 2017
[26]
). However, some publishers use the short form, e.g. "ORCID: 0000-0002-1825-0097"
[27]
(as a
URN
).
ORCID IDs are a subset of the
International Standard Name Identifier
(ISNI),
[28]
under the auspices of the
International Organization for Standardization
(as ISO 27729), and the two organizations are cooperating. ISNI will uniquely identify contributors to
books
,
television programmes
, and
newspapers
, and has reserved a block of identifiers for use by ORCID,
[28]
[29]
in the range 0000-0001-5000-0007 to 0000-0003-5000-0001.
[30]
It is therefore possible for a person to legitimately have both an ISNI and an ORCID ID
[31]
[32]
? effectively, two ISNIs.
Both ORCID and ISNI use 16-character identifiers,
[29]
using the digits 0?9, and separated into groups of four by hyphens.
[27]
The final character, which may also be a letter "X" representing the value "10" (for example,
Stephen Hawking
's ORCID is https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-593X
[33]
), is a MOD 11-2
check digit
conforming to the
ISO/IEC 7064:2003
standard.
Members, sponsors and registrants
[
edit
]
By the end of 2013, ORCID had 111 member organizations and over 460,000 registrants.
[34]
[35]
[36]
On 15 November 2014, ORCID announced the one-millionth registration,
and on 20 November 2020 the ten-millionth registration.
[18]
As of 2 August 2022
[update]
, ORCID reported 1258 member organizations and 14,727,479 live accounts.
[37]
The organizational members include many research institutions such as
Caltech
and
Cornell University
, and publishers such as
Elsevier
,
Springer
,
Wiley
and
Nature Publishing Group
. There are also commercial companies including
Thomson Reuters
, academic societies and funding bodies.
[38]
Grant-making bodies such as the
Wellcome Trust
(a charitable foundation) have also begun to mandate that applicants for funding provide an ORCID identifier.
[39]
National implementations
[
edit
]
In several countries, consortia, including government bodies as partners, are operating at a national level to implement ORCID. For example, in Italy, seventy universities and four research centres are collaborating under the auspices of the
Conference of Italian University Rectors
[
it
]
(CRUI) and the
National Agency for the Evaluation of the University and Research Institutes
(ANVUR), in a project implemented by Cineca, a not-for-profit consortium representing the universities, research institutions, and the Ministry of Education.
[40]
In Australia, the government's
National Health and Medical Research Council
(NHMRC) and
Australian Research Council
(ARC) "encourage all researchers applying for funding to have an ORCID identifier".
[41]
The French scientific article repository
HAL
is also inviting its users to enter their ORCID ID.
[42]
Integrations
[
edit
]
Both Wikipedia and
Wikidata
include pages with ORCID identifiers.
[43]
[44]
As of 2014 in addition to members and sponsors, journals, publishers, and other services have or had included ORCID in their workflows or databases.
[45]
[46]
[47]
[27]
[48]
[49]
2014 to 2016 some online services created tools for exporting data to, or importing data from, ORCID.
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]
[56]
In October 2015,
DataCite
,
Crossref
and ORCID announced that the former organisations would update ORCID records, "when an ORCID identifier is found in newly registered DOI names".
[57]
[58]
Some ORCID data may also be retrieved as
RDF/XML
,
RDF Turtle
,
XML
or
JSON
.
[59]
[60]
ORCID uses
GitHub
as its code repository.
[61]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Sources:
- ^
Crossref & ORCID
.
- ^
Farley, Isaac.
"ORCID auto-update"
.
Crossref
.
- ^
a
b
"Credit where credit is due"
.
Nature
.
462
(7275): 825. 2009.
Bibcode
:
2009Natur.462Q.825.
.
doi
:
10.1038/462825a
.
PMID
20016547
.
S2CID
110700750
.
- ^
"RESEARCH STAKEHOLDERS ANNOUNCE COLLABORATION AMONG BROAD CROSS-SECTION OF COMMUNITY TO RESOLVE NAME AMBIGUITY IN SCHOLARLY RESEARCH"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 2 February 2010
. Retrieved
19 June
2018
– via internet archive.
- ^
"Welcome to the Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative (or ORCID) group on Nature Network"
. Archived from
the original
on 21 September 2013
. Retrieved
1 June
2017
– via internet archive.
- ^
"What is the relationship between the ORCID Initiative and ORCID, Inc.? ? Feedback & support for ORCID"
.
support.orcid.org
. Archived from
the original
on 19 June 2018
. Retrieved
19 June
2018
.
- ^
"Press Release: ORCID funding and development efforts on target"
. 15 August 2011.
ORCID also announced today that Thomson Reuters has provided ORCID with a perpetual license and royalty free use of ResearcherID code and intellectual property, giving ORCID the critical technology to create its system.
[
dead link
]
- ^
Craig Van Dyck.
"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing News: An Update on the Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID)"
. Retrieved
23 October
2012
.
- ^
"Certificate of Incorporation of ORCID Inc"
(PDF)
. State of Delaware. 5 August 2015.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 4 March 2022
. Retrieved
27 August
2015
.
- ^
Petro, Julie Anne (14 September 2020).
"ORCID Proudly Announces its New Executive Director"
.
EIN Presswire
. Retrieved
15 September
2020
.
- ^
Butler, Declan (30 May 2012).
"Scientists: your number is up"
.
Nature
.
485
(7400): 564.
Bibcode
:
2012Natur.485..564B
.
doi
:
10.1038/485564a
.
PMID
22660298
.
- ^
"ORCID team"
. 17 August 2012. Archived from
the original
on 7 November 2017
. Retrieved
1 November
2017
.
- ^
"ORCID Launches Registry"
. 16 October 2012
. Retrieved
18 October
2012
.
- ^
"ORCID vs ISNI; ORCID lanceert vandaag hun Author Register - Artikel - SURFspace"
. Retrieved
24 October
2012
.
- ^
"Register for an ORCID iD"
. Retrieved
18 October
2012
.
- ^
a
b
"10M ORCID iDs!"
. ORCID. 20 November 2020
. Retrieved
16 January
2021
.
- ^
ORCID.
"ORCID Statistics"
.
orcid.org
. Retrieved
2 August
2022
.
- ^
various (1 January 2016).
"Requiring ORCID in Publication Workflows: Open Letter"
. Retrieved
8 January
2016
.
- ^
"Why Some Publishers are Requiring ORCID iDs for Authors: An Interview with Stuart Taylor, The Royal Society"
.
The Scholarly Kitchen
. 7 January 2016
. Retrieved
8 January
2016
.
- ^
"ORCID iDs at Springer Nature"
.
Springer Nature
. Retrieved
31 January
2021
.
- ^
"Trademark and iD Display Guidelines"
. ORCID. 19 February 2013
. Retrieved
21 August
2013
.
- ^
"Structure of the ORCID Identifier"
. ORCID.
- ^
"Josiah Carberry"
.
Biography
. ORCID, Inc
. Retrieved
22 December
2014
.
Josiah Carberry is a fictitious person.
- ^
Meadows, Alice (15 November 2017).
"Announcing API 2.1 - ORCID iDs are now HTTPS!"
. ORCID
. Retrieved
16 November
2017
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Hiroshi Asakura"
.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
. Archived from
the original
on 1 November 2014
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
a
b
"ISNI and ORCID"
. ISNI. Archived from
the original
on 4 March 2013
. Retrieved
29 March
2013
.
- ^
a
b
"What is the relationship between ISNI and ORCID?"
. Retrieved
23 October
2012
.
- ^
"Structure of the ORCID Identifier"
. ORCID. Archived from
the original
on 22 January 2018
. Retrieved
23 July
2014
.
- ^
"ISNI 0000000031979523"
. ISNI
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
"ORCID 0000-0001-5882-6823"
. ORCID
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
ORCID.
"Stephen Hawking (0000-0002-9079-593X) - ORCID | Connecting Research and Researchers"
.
orcid.org
. Retrieved
23 October
2017
.
- ^
"2013 Year in review"
. ORCID, Inc. 6 January 2014
. Retrieved
1 February
2014
.
- ^
"Members"
. ORCID, Inc
. Retrieved
20 July
2013
.
- ^
O'Beirne, Richard.
"OUP and ORCID"
. Oxford Journals. Archived from
the original
on 30 March 2014
. Retrieved
15 April
2014
.
- ^
ORCID.
"ORCID Statistics"
.
orcid.org
. Retrieved
2 August
2022
.
- ^
"ORCID Community"
.
info.orcid.org
.
- ^
Wilsdon; et al. (July 2015).
"The Metric Tide"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 21 August 2015
. Retrieved
10 July
2015
.
- ^
Meadows, Alice (22 June 2015).
"Italy Launches National ORCID Implementation"
. ORCID
. Retrieved
29 June
2015
.
- ^
"NHMRC and ARC Statement on Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID)"
. National Health and Medical Research Council. 10 April 2015. Archived from
the original
on 13 March 2018
. Retrieved
29 June
2015
.
- ^
"Identifiant auteur IdHAL et CV"
. 1 June 2018.
- ^
Wikipedia authors.
"Category:Wikipedia articles with ORCID identifiers"
.
Wikipedia
.
Wikimedia Foundation
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
Wikidata contributors.
"Pages that link to "Property:P496"
"
.
Wikidata
.
Wikimedia Foundation
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
"Announcements"
. Journal of Neuroscience. April 2014. Archived from
the original
on 22 June 2014
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
"The Journal of Neuroscience Rolls Out ORCID Integration"
. Society for Neuroscience
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
"Author Zone 16 ? ORCID"
.
Springer Publishing
. Retrieved
21 April
2014
.
- ^
"ORCID Article Claiming"
. Europe PubMed Central
. Retrieved
16 May
2014
.
- ^
"ORCID integration"
.
Researcher Name Resolver
.
National Institute of Informatics
. Archived from
the original
on 21 April 2014
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
"Scopus2Orcid - Use the Scopus to Orcid Author details and documents wizard to collect all your Scopus records in one unique author profile"
.
Scopus
. Archived from
the original
on 24 July 2014
. Retrieved
7 May
2014
.
- ^
"figshare ORCID integration"
.
Figshare
. Retrieved
7 May
2014
.
- ^
"RID - ORCID Integration - IP & Science"
. Thomson Reuters. Archived from
the original
on 12 September 2015
. Retrieved
29 March
2013
.
- ^
"Researchfish now integrating with the ORCID registry"
. Researchfish. 4 July 2015. Archived from
the original
on 15 July 2015
. Retrieved
14 July
2015
.
- ^
"British Library EThOS - about searching and ordering theses online"
.
British Library
. Retrieved
15 October
2015
.
- ^
"Connected from the Beginning: Adding ORCID to ETDs"
. 12 October 2015
. Retrieved
15 October
2015
– via ProQuest.
- ^
Ponto, Michelle (7 October 2015).
"ORCID and Loop: A New Researcher Profile System Integration"
.
ORCID
. Retrieved
7 September
2016
.
- ^
"Explaining the DataCite/ORCID Auto-update"
.
DataCite
. 29 October 2015.
- ^
"Auto-Update Has Arrived! ORCID Records Move to the Next Level"
.
Crossref
. 26 October 2015. Archived from
the original
on 18 November 2015
. Retrieved
17 November
2015
.
- ^
"Q&D RDF Browser"
. Retrieved
17 June
2014
.
- ^
Archer, Phil.
"Proposal for the Improvement of the Semantics of ORCIDs"
. W3C
. Retrieved
19 April
2015
.
- ^
"ORCID, Inc"
.
GitHub
. Retrieved
19 April
2015
.
External links
[
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]