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Zephyr (operating system)

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Zephyr
Zephyr Project logo
Developer Linux Foundation ,
Wind River Systems
Written in C
OS family Real-time operating systems
Working state Current
Source model Open source
Initial release 17 February 2016 ; 8 years ago  ( 2016-02-17 ) [1]
Latest release 3.6.0 / 23 February 2024 ; 4 months ago  ( 2024-02-23 ) [2] [3]
Repository
Marketing target Internet of things , Embedded Systems
Available in English
Platforms ARM ( Cortex-M , Cortex-R , Cortex-A ), ARC , MIPS , Nios II , RISC-V , Xtensa , SPARC , x86 , x86-64
Kernel type Microkernel (pre-v1.6) [4] [5] [6]
Monolithic (v1.6+) [5] [6]
License Apache 2.0
Preceded by Wind River Rocket
Official website www .zephyrproject .org

Zephyr ( / ? z ? f ? r / ) is a small real-time operating system (RTOS) [7] for connected, resource-constrained and embedded devices (with an emphasis on microcontrollers ) supporting multiple architectures and released under the Apache License 2.0. Zephyr includes a kernel , and all components and libraries , device drivers , protocol stacks , file systems , and firmware updates , needed to develop full application software . [8]

It is named after Zephyrus , the ancient Greek god of the west wind. [9]

History [ edit ]

Zephyr originated from Virtuoso RTOS for digital signal processors (DSPs). [10] [11] In 2001, Wind River Systems acquired Belgian software company Eonic Systems, the developer of Virtuoso. In November 2015, Wind River Systems renamed the operating system to Rocket , made it open-source and royalty-free. [11] Compared to Wind River's other RTOS, VxWorks , Rocket had much smaller memory needs, especially suitable for sensors and single-function embedded devices. Rocket could fit into as little as 4 KB of memory, while VxWorks needed 200 KB or more. [11]

In February 2016, Rocket became a hosted collaborative project of the Linux Foundation under the name Zephyr . [10] [12] [1] Wind River Systems contributed the Rocket kernel to Zephyr, but still provided Rocket to its clients, charging them for the cloud services. [13] [11] As a result, Rocket became "essentially the commercial version of Zephyr". [13]

Since then, early members and supporters of Zephyr include Intel , NXP Semiconductors , Synopsys , Linaro , [14] Texas Instruments , DeviceTone, Nordic Semiconductor , Oticon , and Bose . [15]

As of January 2022 , Zephyr had the largest number of contributors and commits compared to other RTOSes (including Mbed , RT-Thread , NuttX , and RIOT ). [16]

Features [ edit ]

Zephyr intends to provide all components needed to develop resource-constrained and embedded or microcontroller-based applications. This includes, but is not limited to: [8]

Configuration and build system [ edit ]

Zephyr uses Kconfig and devicetree as its configuration systems, inherited from the Linux kernel but implemented in the programming language Python for portability to non- Unix operating systems. [17] The RTOS build system is based on CMake , which allows Zephyr applications to be built on Linux , macOS , and Microsoft Windows . [18]

Utility Tool "West" [ edit ]

Zephyr has a general-purpose tool called "west" for managing repositories, downloading programs to hardware, etc.

Kernel [ edit ]

Early Zephyr kernels used a dual nanokernel plus microkernel design. [4] [5] [6] In December 2016, with Zephyr 1.6, this changed to a monolithic kernel . [5] [6]

The kernel offers several features that distinguish it from other small OSes: [8]

Security [ edit ]

A group is dedicated to maintaining and improving the security. [19] Also, being owned and supported by a community means the world's open source developers are vetting the code, which significantly increases security. [12]

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ a b "The Linux Foundation Announces Project to Build Real-Time Operating System for Internet of Things Devices" . Zephyr Project . Linux Foundation. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10.
  2. ^ "Zephyr v3.6.0" . GitHub .
  3. ^ "Welcome, Zephyr 3.6!" . Zephyr blog .
  4. ^ a b Wasserman, Shawn (February 22, 2016). "How Linux's IoT Zephyr Operating System Works" . Engineering.com .
  5. ^ a b c d Helm, Maureen (December 15, 2016). "Announcing Zephyr OS v1.6.0" . Zephyr Project .
  6. ^ a b c d Wong, William G. (July 6, 2017). "Zephyr: A Wearable Operating System" . Electronic Design .
  7. ^ "Meet Linux's little brother: Zephyr, a tiny open-source IoT RTOS" . LinuxGizmos.com . 2016-02-17 . Retrieved 2018-02-23 .
  8. ^ a b c "Zephyr Project documentation: Introduction" .
  9. ^ https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/develop/west/index.html#west-name
  10. ^ a b Clarysse, Ivo (November 22, 2019). "Zephyr ? An Operating System for IoT" . Zephyr Project .
  11. ^ a b c d Turley, Jim (25 November 2015). "Wind River Sets Rocket RTOS on Free Trajectory" . Electronic Engineering Journal . Techfocus Media . Retrieved 2018-02-23 .
  12. ^ a b Guerrini, Federico (2016-02-19). "The Internet of Things Goes Open Source with Linux Foundation's Zephyr Project" . Forbes . Retrieved 2017-01-12 .
  13. ^ a b Patel, Niheer (17 February 2016). "Wind River Welcomes Linux Foundation's Zephyr Project" . Wind River Systems . Archived from the original on 21 February 2016 . Retrieved 18 February 2016 .
  14. ^ Osborne, Charlie (2016-02-19). "The Linux Foundation's Zephyr Project: A custom operating system for IoT devices" . ZDNet . CBS Interactive . Retrieved 2017-01-12 .
  15. ^ "Zephyr Project Members" .
  16. ^ "Zephyr GitHub page" . GitHub . January 26, 2022.
  17. ^ "scripts/ folder" . GitHub . 12 May 2020.
  18. ^ "Application Development: Zephyr Project Documentation" . Zephyr Project .
  19. ^ Wallen, Jack (2016-02-18). "Linux Foundation announces Zephyr Project, an open source IoT operating system" . TechRepublic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved 2017-01-12 .
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