County of the Kingdom of Hungary
This article is about the historical county of the Kingdom of Hungary. For other uses, see
Zemplin
.
Zemplen
(
Hungarian
:
Zemplen
,
Slovak
:
Zemplin
,
German
:
Semplin, Semmlin
,
Latin
:
Zemplinum
) was an administrative county (
comitatus
) of the
Kingdom of Hungary
. The northern part of its territory is now situated in eastern
Slovakia
(
Zemplin
region), while a smaller southern portion of the former county belongs to
Hungary
, as part of
Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County
.
Geography
[
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]
Map of Zemplen, 1891.
Zemplen county shared borders with
Poland
(during some periods the with the
Austrian
crownland
Galicia
) and the Hungarian counties
Saros
,
Abauj-Torna
,
Borsod
,
Szabolcs
and
Ung
. It was situated in the easternmost strip of what is now Slovakia (except for the region between
Vihorlatske vrchy
and the
Latorica
river), plus a strip along the
Bodrog
and
Tisza
rivers in present-day Hungary. The rivers
Laborc
and Bodrog flowed through the county. Its area was 6,269 km
2
around 1910.
Capitals
[
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]
Initially, the capital of the county was the
Zemplin Castle
(Hungarian:
Zempleni var
, Slovak:
Zemplinsky hrad
), in the 13th century also
Sarospatak
(in
Slovak
: Potok, hence the alternative name of the county
comitatus de Potok
). Since the
Late Middle Ages
the capital was the town of Zemplen, and since 1748 was
Satoraljaujhely
(which is now divided between Slovakia and Hungary by the Ronyva/Ro?ava stream; the Hungarian part is known in Slovak as Nove Mesto pod ?iatrom and the Slovak part is now a separate village called Slovenske Nove Mesto).
Borsod-Gomor, Abauj, and Zemplen counties after World War II. In 1950, the three counties were merged to form the modern Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County. (1) Nograd-Hont County (2) territories assigned from Szabolcs County to Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County. (3) territories assigned from Borsod-Gomor County to Heves County. (5) the city of Debrecen (urban county).
History
[
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]
Zemplen was one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the aftermath of World War I, in 1920 by the
Treaty of Trianon
the northern part of Zemplen county became part of newly formed
Czechoslovakia
. The southern half (including the bigger part of the divided
Satoraljaujhely
) stayed in
Hungary
as the county of Zemplen. Following the provisions of the
First Vienna Award
, an additional part became part of Hungary again in November 1938. The Trianon borders were restored after World War II, and the Hungarian county Zemplen merged with Abauj, the most of Borsod-Gomor and a little part of
Szabolcs
counties to form the present
Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County
.
Demographics
[
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]
Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).
Population by
mother tongue
[a]
| Census
|
Total
|
Hungarian
|
Slovak
|
Ruthenian
|
German
|
Other or unknown
|
| 1880
[1]
|
275,175
|
119,656
(44.73%)
|
102,730
(38.40%)
|
30,207
(11.29%)
|
12,977
(4.85%)
|
1,932
(0.72%)
|
| 1890
[2]
|
299,197
|
141,188
(47.19%)
|
107,477
(35.92%)
|
31,036
(10.37%)
|
15,511
(5.18%)
|
3,985
(1.33%)
|
| 1900
[3]
|
327,993
|
174,107
(53.08%)
|
106,114
(32.35%)
|
34,831
(10.62%)
|
8,072
(2.46%)
|
4,869
(1.48%)
|
| 1910
[4]
|
343,194
|
193,794
(56.47%)
|
92,943
(27.08%)
|
39,033
(11.37%)
|
9,749
(2.84%)
|
7,675
(2.24%)
|
Population by
religion
[b]
| Census
|
Total
|
Roman Catholic
|
Greek Catholic
|
Calvinist
|
Jewish
|
Lutheran
|
Other or unknown
|
| 1880
|
275,175
|
100,091
(36.37%)
|
83,696
(30.42%)
|
53,252
(19.35%)
|
31,622
(11.49%)
|
6,416
(2.33%)
|
98
(0.04%)
|
| 1890
|
299,197
|
110,982
(37.09%)
|
92,220
(30.82%)
|
58,671
(19.61%)
|
30,491
(10.19%)
|
6,780
(2.27%)
|
53
(0.02%)
|
| 1900
|
327,993
|
123,967
(37.80%)
|
101,053
(30.81%)
|
64,457
(19.65%)
|
31,533
(9.61%)
|
6,807
(2.08%)
|
176
(0.05%)
|
| 1910
|
343,194
|
132,395
(38.58%)
|
103,118
(30.05%)
|
67,557
(19.68%)
|
33,041
(9.63%)
|
6,822
(1.99%)
|
261
(0.08%)
|
Subdivisions
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]
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Zemplen county were:
The towns of
Satoraljaujhely
,
Sarospatak
,
Tokaj
and
Szerencs
are now in Hungary, except for a small northern part (about a quarter) of
Satoraljaujhely
to the northeast of the Ronyva (
Ro??ava
) stream in Slovakia, now a small village with its own artificial Slovak name
Slovenske Nove Mesto
.
Notable people
[
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]
Notes
[
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]
- ^
Only linguistic communities > 1% are displayed.
- ^
Only religious communities > 1% are displayed.
References
[
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]