Sheikh of Abu Dhabi from 1966 to 2004
Sheikh
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
(
Arabic
:
???? ?? ????? ?? ?????
,
romanized
:
Z?yid bin Sul??n ?l Nahy?n
; 6 May 1918 ? 2 November 2004) was an Emirati royal, politician, philanthropist and the founding founder of the
United Arab Emirates
. Zayed served as the governor of
Eastern Region
from 1946 until he succeeded
Sheikh Shakhbut
as the ruler of
Abu Dhabi
in 1966, and then as the first
president of the United Arab Emirates
while he retained his position as Abu Dhabi's ruler from 1971 until his death in 2004.
[2]
[1]
[3]
He is revered in the United Arab Emirates as the
Waalid al-Ummah
("
Father of the Nation
"), credited for being the principal driving force behind uniting the seven
Trucial States
to found the Union of the United Arab Emirates.
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
Zayed replaced his older brother Sheikh
Shakhbut bin Sultan
as the ruler of Abu Dhabi on 6 August 1966 after Shakhbut was deposed through a bloodless coup by members of the ruling family with British support.
[8]
Family and early life
Zayed was the youngest of four sons of Sheikh Sultan bin Khalifa Al Nahyan.
[2]
[3]
His father was the ruler of
Abu Dhabi
from 1922 until his death in 1926. Zayed was the youngest of his four brothers.
[2]
His eldest brother, Sheikh
Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan
, became ruler of Abu Dhabi after their uncle,
Saqr bin Zayed Al Nahyan
. His mother was Sheikha Salama bint Butti.
[9]
[10]
She extracted a promise from her sons not to use violence against each other, a promise which they kept.
[11]
Sheikh Zayed was named after his grandfather,
Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan
("Zayed the Great"), who ruled the emirate from 1855 to 1909.
[12]
At the time of Sheikh Zayed's birth, the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi was one of seven
Trucial States
along the lower coast of the
Persian Gulf
.
[13]
He also showed interest in
falconry
.
[14]
Zayed was born at
Qasr al-Hosn
,
Abu Dhabi
, in 1918
[15]
and moved from Abu Dhabi to Al Ain in 1926, after the death of his father.
[1]
[16]
As Zayed was growing up in Al-Ain, there were no modern schools anywhere along the coast. He only received a basic instruction in the principles of Islam, and lived in the desert with
Bedouin
tribesmen, familiarising himself with the life of
the people
, their traditional skills and their ability to survive under the harsh climatic conditions.
[17]
Career and reign
Sheikh Zayed next to his son
Sheikh Khalifa
Zayed was appointed the governor of the
Eastern Region of Abu Dhabi
in 1946,
[12]
and was based in
the Muwaiji fort
in Al Ain. At this time, the area was poor and prone to outbreaks of disease. When parties from Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) began exploring for oil in the area, Zayed assisted them.
[18]
[
page needed
]
In 1952, a small Saudi Arabian force led by Turki bin Abdullah Al-Otaishan occupied the village of Hamasa in the
Buraimi Oasis
(the '
Buraimi Dispute
'). Zayed was prominent in his opposition to Saudi territorial claims and reportedly rejected a bribe of about £30 million to allow
Aramco
to explore for oil in the disputed territory. As part of this dispute, Zayed and his brother
Hazza
attended the Buraimi arbitration tribunal in Geneva in September 1955 and gave evidence to tribunal members. When the tribunal was abandoned amid allegations of Saudi bribery, the British initiated the reoccupation of the Buraimi Oasis through a local military force, the
Trucial Oman Levies
. A period of stability followed during which Zayed helped to develop the region and took a particular interest in the restoration of the
falaj
system, a network of water channels which kept the plantations of the Buraimi Oasis irrigated and fertile.
[18]
[
page needed
]
[19]
The discovery of oil in 1958, and the start of oil exports in 1962, led to frustration among members of the ruling family about the lack of progress under Sheikh Shakhbut's rule.
[20]
Shakhbut was seen as averse to spending revenue from oil money to develop the emirate by other members of Al Nahyan and hence they requested British help to install Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan as the ruler of Abu Dhabi in his stead through a bloodless coup.
[21]
On 6 August 1966, Shakhbut was deposed in a bloodless palace coup.
[22]
The move to replace Shakhbut with Zayed had the unanimous backing of the Al Nahyan family.
[23]
The news was conveyed to Shakhbut by British Acting Resident Glen Balfour-Paul who added the support of the British to the consensus of the family. Shakhbut finally accepted the decision and, with the Trucial Oman Scouts providing safe transport, left for
Bahrain
.
[19]
[24]
[
page needed
]
[23]
He subsequently lived in
Khorramshahr
, Iran before returning to live in
Buraimi
.
[23]
In the late 1960s, Zayed hired Katsuhiko Takahashi, a Japanese architect, to design and plan the city of Abu Dhabi.
[25]
Takahashi, working to instructions from Zayed, often marked out in sand with a camel stick,
[26]
was responsible for a number of key buildings, while also introducing wide roads, the construction of
corniches
and also greening the city.
[27]
Another architect, Egyptian Abdulrahman Makhlouf, also worked to render Zayed's instructions into city plans and infrastructural projects following Takahashi's departure.
[28]
Between 8?11 January 1968, the UK's Foreign Office Minister
Goronwy Roberts
visited the Trucial States and announced to its shocked rulers that the United Kingdom would abrogate its treaties with them and intended to withdraw from the area.
[29]
In a seminal meeting on 18 February 1968 at a desert highland on the border between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum of Dubai shook hands on the principle of founding a Federation and attempting to invite other trucial rulers to join in order that a viable nation be formed in the wake of the British withdrawal.
[30]
In 1971, after occasionally difficult negotiations with the other six rulers of the
Trucial States
, the United Arab Emirates was formed. Zayed was appointed to the presidency of the
UAE
in 1971 and was reappointed on four more occasions: 1976, 1981, 1986, and 1991.
[31]
In 1974, Zayed settled the outstanding border dispute with Saudi Arabia by the
Treaty of Jeddah
by which Saudi Arabia received the output of the Shaybah oilfield and access to the lower
Persian Gulf
in return for recognising the UAE.
[32]
In 1976 he founded the
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority
, which grew to be the
world's third-largest sovereign investment fund
by 2020,
[33]
with nearly a
trillion
US dollars
' worth of assets under management.
[34]
Attitudes
Sheikh Zayed salutes Tunisian crowd during his visit to
Kairouan City
in the mid-70s
Sheikh Zayed was determined to unite the Emirates into
federation
. His calls for cooperation extended across the Persian Gulf to
Iran
. He advocated dialogue as the means to settle the row with
Tehran
over three strategic Persian Gulf islands which Iran seized from the (future) UAE Emirate of
Sharjah
in 1971. The islands remain in Iranian hands, despite over three decades of UAE diplomatic initiatives.
[
citation needed
]
The attitude of Zayed towards his neighbors can best be seen
[
opinion
]
in his position regarding the "Umm al Zamul" dispute (1964), when he expressed a genuine wish that his brother
Sheikh Shakhbut
would accept "the Sultan's proposal for a neutral zone". He said in that regard: "... it was ridiculous to squabble over a [water] well so bitter that few bedouin could stomach its waters, or to split hairs over a tiny area of barren, almost totally unfrequented desert. And even if there happened to be oil in the area, Abu Dhabi had so much already that she could well afford to spare some for her less fortunate neighbours".
[35]
[
page needed
]
Furthermore, during the negotiations between Abu Dhabi and Dubai that resulted in forming the Abu Dhabi ? Dubai Union (which preceded the formation of the United Arab Emirates), Sheikh Zayed was extremely generous with the Sheikh Rashid of Dubai. Kemal Hamza, Sheikh Rashid's envoy to the meeting between Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid in Sumeih remarked that "Zayed was extremely 'karim' (generous) throughout the negotiations and seemed prepared to give Rashid whatever he wanted". This amounted to Zayed giving Rashid "oil rights in the sea-bed that might be worth milions a year" even at the risk of criticism "at home for giving so much..." It also gave rise to comments that such concessions constituted "an alienation of territory by Abu Dhabi". But the future course of events proved, none of these arguments stood the test of judgment in light of the much higher goal that Sheikh Zayed had in mind, and which in the ultimate analysis amply justified the sacrifices incurred by him. Such concessions are rare in the records of history and news of this generosity travelled far and wide.
[35]
[
page needed
]
He was considered a relatively
liberal ruler
, and permitted private media. However, they were expected to practice self-censorship and avoid criticism of Zayed or the ruling families. Freedom of worship was permitted, and to a certain extent allowances were made for expatriate cultures, but this did not always sit comfortably in the eyes of the wider Arab world with Zayed's role as a Muslim head of state.
[19]
Zayed did not shy away from controversy when it came to expressing his opinions on current events in the Arab world. Troubled by the suffering of Iraqi civilians, he took the lead in calling for the lifting of economic sanctions on
Iraq
imposed by the United Nations in the aftermath of the Iraqi invasion of
Kuwait
in 1990, despite Kuwaiti displeasure and opposition.
[36]
Zayed was one of the wealthiest men in the world. A
Forbes
estimate put his fortune at around US$20 billion in 2004.
[37]
The source of this wealth was almost exclusively due to the immense oil wealth of
Abu Dhabi
and the Emirates, which sit on a pool of a tenth of the world's proven oil reserves. In 1988, he purchased, for £5m,
Tittenhurst Park
at
Sunninghill, Berkshire
as his English home.
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
Policies and charity
At the time the British withdrew from the
Persian Gulf
in 1971, Zayed oversaw the establishment of the
Abu Dhabi
Fund for Arab Economic Development; some of its oil riches were channeled to some forty less fortunate Islamic nations in Asia and Africa during the decades that followed.
[35]
[
page needed
]
Using the country's enormous oil revenues, Zayed built institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities and made it possible for
UAE
citizens to enjoy free access to them. He was also known for making donations to the tune of millions [pounds sterling] for worthy causes around the Arab World as well as in the neighbouring countries and in the world at large.
[35]
[
page needed
]
When asked by
The New York Times
in April 1997 why there is no elected
legislature
, Zayed replied,
Why should we abandon a system that satisfies our people in order to introduce a system that seems to engender
dissent
and confrontation? Our system of government is based upon our religion and that is what our people want. Should they seek alternatives, we are ready to listen to them. We have always said that our people should voice their demands openly. We are all in the same boat, and they are both the captain and the crew. Our doors are open for any opinion to be expressed, and this well known by all our citizens. It is our deep conviction that Allah has created people free, and has prescribed that each individual must enjoy
freedom of choice
. No one should act as if they own others.
Those in the position of leadership should deal with their subjects with compassion and understanding, because this is the duty enjoined upon them by Allah, who enjoins upon us to treat all living creatures with dignity. How can there be anything less for mankind, created as Allah's successors on earth? Our system of government does not derive its authority from man, but is enshrined in our religion and is based on Allah's Book, the
Quran
. What need have we of what others have conjured up? Its teachings are eternal and complete, while the systems conjured up by man are transitory and incomplete.
[42]
Sheikh Zayed dancing the traditional dance "Bara'a" with a
Jambiya
along with Yemeni locals in
Marib
after the reopening of the
Marib Dam
Land was also often distributed
gratis
(free). However, while this policy benefited many landless families, enormously wealthy clans and individuals were given free land grants in proportion to their status and influence with the royal family. His majlis (a traditional Arab
consultation
council) was open to the public.
[
citation needed
]
He allowed non-Muslim religious buildings, such as churches and a temple, to be built.
[
citation needed
]
Zayed was also in favour of certain rights for women, such as access to education and women's labour rights, within traditional parameters. His views regarding
women's rights
were considerably more
liberal
than his counterparts in the
GCC
nations.
[
citation needed
]
Zayed was one of the founders of the
Dar Al Maal Al Islami Trust
which was initiated by
Saudi royal
Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud
,
King Faisal
's son, in 1981.
[43]
After floods ravaged
Yemen
's
Ma'rib Governorate
in 1982, Zayed financed the construction of the
current dam
of
Ma'rib
in 1984.
[44]
[45]
This was to replace the historical one that was damaged in antiquity, and support the country's agriculture and economy. The area of Ma'rib is reportedly from where his ancestors migrated to what is now the UAE.
[46]
Zayed Centre
Controversy over the opinions of the
Zayed Centre
caused the Harvard Divinity School to return Sheikh Zayed's $2.5 million gift to the institution in 2000 as "tainted money." Former United States president
Jimmy Carter
accepted the Zayed International Prize for the Environment in 2001. The award included a monetary prize of $500,000 from the Zayed Centre, and Carter stated in his acceptance speech that the award carried extra significance to him, since it was named after his personal friend.
[47]
There was similar controversy when the
London School of Economics
accepted a large donation by the Zayed Centre, to build a new lecture theatre in the New Academic Building in 2008.
[48]
The gift was accepted with the Sheikh Zayed Theatre being the second largest lecture hall on the campus.
Harvard's equivocation, the Carter controversy, and the engendering negative publicity, prompted Sheikh Zayed to shut down the centre in August 2003, stating that the
Zayed Centre
"had engaged in a discourse that starkly contradicted the principles of interfaith tolerance."
[49]
Death
On 2 November 2004, Zayed died at the age of 86. He had been suffering from diabetes and kidney problems.
[1]
He was buried in the courtyard of the new
Grand Mosque
in Abu Dhabi. His eldest son, Sheikh
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
,
[1]
[3]
took an increasing role in government beginning in the 1980s. Directly after his father's death, he became the Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and was ratified as the president of the United Arab Emirates by his fellow rulers in the Supreme Council.
Memorials and legacy
- Zayed University
, a government-sponsored higher education institution with campuses in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
- Shaikh Zayed University
, located in
Khost
, southeastern Afghanistan. It was built with the aid of Sheikh Zayed.
- Sheikh Zayed City
in
Greater Cairo
,
Giza
Province, Egypt, built depending on a donation from Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, on directions of Sheikh Zayed.
[44]
- The
Zayed International Prize for the Environment
and
Zayed Future Energy Prize
are named in his honour.
- The
Kukes International Airport
"Zayed-Flatrat e Veriut" in the northern city of Kukes, Albania, was named after him.
- Shaikh Zayed International Airport
(Rahim Yar Khan) located in
Rahim Yar Khan
,
Punjab
,
Pakistan
, is named in his honor.
- Shaikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital
located at Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan, was named in his honor.
[50]
- Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan's Mosque, also known as
Stockholm Mosque
, in
Stockholm
,
Sweden
.
- The
Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque
in
Surakarta
,
Indonesia
.
[51]
[52]
- A lecture theater was named in his honor at the
London School of Economics
.
[48]
- A Hafiz School in
Gudermes
,
Chechen Republic
, was named in the Sheikh's honor.
- The Sheikh Zayed Arab Falconry Heritage Wing at The World Center of Birds of Prey in Boise, Idaho which was set up through a donation from Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, son of Sheikh Zayed.
- The current dam in Ma'rib is also called "Zayed Dam".
[45]
- Zayed Town, located in Central
Bahrain
, was financed by Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and named in his honour. The first phase of this township project was inaugurated in 2001.
[53]
- A street in
Montenegro
was named for his memory in 2013.
[54]
- Shaikh Zayed Hospital for children and another for women in Larkana Sindh Pakistan.
[55]
- Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan,
Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore
.
- The 5th ring road in
Kuwait
is now named in honor of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.
[56]
- The Sheikh Zayed Tower at the
Johns Hopkins Hospital
is named in his honor.
- Sheikh Zayed Hospital located at
Vushtrri
, Kosovo, was named in his honor.
[57]
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation,
Children's National Medical Center
, Washington, DC.
[58]
[59]
- Sheikh Zayed Professorship of Cardiovascular Diseases at the
Mayo Clinic
.
[60]
- Sheikh Zayed Children Welfare Centre, a centre for orphaned children located in Mombasa, Kenya.
[61]
Year of Zayed
An
Emirates
Airbus A380
'Year of Zayed' Livery at
Milan Malpensa Airport
, January 2018
On 6 August 2017, the
Emirates News Agency
reported that
Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan
,
President
of the
United Arab Emirates
issued directives that declared 2018 to be the Year of Zayed in honor of his father, Sheikh Zayed.
[62]
The declaration came during Zayed's 51st anniversary of assuming the leadership of
Abu Dhabi
in 1966, who became the ruler by replacing
Sheikh Shakbut
and was aimed to commemorate centenary birth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed.
[63]
Founder's Memorial
In 2018, a
year dedicated
in the UAE to the celebration of Zayed's life and legacy,
[64]
the Founder's Memorial
was opened in Abu Dhabi. The memorial consists of an open Heritage Garden and Sanctuary Garden at the centre of which is a cubic pavilion housing The Constellation, an artwork dedicated to Zayed's memory.
Marriage and children
Zayed bin Sultan married seven times and has 19 sons.
[65]
His children are as follows:
Name
|
Lifespan
|
Notes
|
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
7 September 1948 ? 13 May 2022
|
Former President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi
Spouse: Was married to
Shamsa bint Suhail Al Mazrouei
(b. 1950)
|
Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1 December 1955 ? 18 November 2019
[66]
|
Former Deputy Prime Minister of the UAE
|
Shamsa bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1960 (age 63–64)
|
Daughter of
Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
|
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
11 March 1961
(
1961-03-11
)
(age
63)
|
Current President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, current Deputy Supreme Commander of UAE Armed Forces
Spouse:
|
Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
19 February 1963
(
1963-02-19
)
(age
61)
|
Spouse:
|
Hazza bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
2 June 1965
(
1965-06-02
)
(age
59)
|
Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi
Spouse:
Mozah Bint Mohammed Bin Butti Al Hamed
(
m.
1988)
|
Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
4 December 1968
(
1968-12-04
)
(age
55)
|
Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi
Skilled Jiu-Jitsu practitioner
[67]
[68]
and son of
Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi
. He works in the banking sector.
[69]
Spouses:
Khawla bint Ahmed Al Suwaidi
(
m.
1997)
Latifa bint Jamhour Al Qubaisi
|
Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
20 November 1970
(
1970-11-20
)
(age
53)
|
Vice President of United Arab Emirates
Spouses:
Alia bint Mohammed bin Butti Al Hamed
(
m.
1994)
|
Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
30 April 1972
(
1972-04-30
)
(age
52)
|
Spouse:
Sheikha Alyazia bint Saif Al Nahyan
(
m.
2002)
|
Al Yazia bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1968 (age 55–56)
|
Daughter of
Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi
|
Shamma bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1967 (age 56–57)
|
Daughter of
Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi
|
Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1968 (age 55–56)
|
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
Son of
Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
spouse: Sheikha Asma bint Hamad Al Khaili
|
Ahmed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
(1969?26 March 2010)
|
Son of
Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
Spouse:
Sheikha Alyazia bint Hamad bin Suhail Al Khaili
(
m.
2003)
|
Hamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1971 (age 52–53)
|
Chief of Abu Dhabi Crown Prince's Court
Spouse:
Sheikha Fatima bint Hamad bin Suhail Al Khaili
(
m.
2002)
|
Omar bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1973 (age 50–51)
|
Son of
Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
second deputy president of Baniyas Sports Club
[70]
Spouse:
|
Afra bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1966 (age 57–58)
|
Daughter of
Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
|
Khalid bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1977 (age 46–47)
|
Son of
Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili
Spouse:
Shamsa bint Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan
(
m.
2009)
|
Issa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1966 (age 57–58)
|
Real estate developer
Spouse:
(
c.
1990s
)
|
Nasser bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
(1967?2 June 2008)
|
Former chairman of the Abu Dhabi planning and economy department
|
Rawdha bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1970 (age 53–54)
|
Daughter of Amnah bint Salah Al Darmaki
|
Salama bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
|
Daughter of Fatima bint Obaid Al Muhairi
|
Saeed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1965 ? 27 July 2023
|
Spouse:
(
c.
1990s
)
|
Nahyan bin Zayed Al Nahyan
[71]
|
1968 (age 55–56)
|
Son of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
Spouse: Maitha bint Mohammed bin Khalid Al Nahyan
|
Falah bin Zayed Al Nahyan
[71]
|
7 November 1970
(
1970-11-07
)
(age
53)
|
Son of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
Spouses:
Fatima bint Ghanim bin Faris Al Mazroui
(
m.
2007)
|
Dhiyab bin Zayed Al Nahyan
[71]
|
1971 (age 52–53)
|
Chairman of Al Wahda Football Club, former Chairman of Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority
[72]
|
Latifa bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1963 (age 60–61)
|
Daughter of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
|
Mouza bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1964 (age 59–60)
|
Daughter of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
|
Wadeema bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1969 (age 54–55)
|
Daughter of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
|
Sheikha bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1974 (age 49–50)
|
Daughter of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
|
Maitha bint Zayed Al Nahyan
|
1976 (age 47–48)
|
Daughter of Ayesha bint Ali Al Darmaki
|
Ancestry
Ancestors of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
|
---|
|
See also
References
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Martin, Douglas (3 November 2004).
"Zayed bin Sultan, Gulf Leader and Statesman, Dies"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on 30 July 2013
. Retrieved
25 January
2014
.
- ^
a
b
c
Hamad Ali Al Hosani.
"The Political Thought of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan"
(PhD Thesis)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 5 February 2017
. Retrieved
15 April
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
Killgore, Andrew I. (March 2005).
"Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918?2004)"
.
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
: 41.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 5 February 2017
. Retrieved
18 April
2013
.
- ^
Salim, Sahim.
"UAE themes: From Year of Zayed to Giving and Tolerance"
.
Khaleej Times
.
Archived
from the original on 22 March 2021
. Retrieved
22 March
2021
.
- ^
Freelance, Motivate (16 March 2021).
"Sheikh Khalifa announces 2021 as Year of the 50th"
.
Gulf Business
.
Archived
from the original on 22 March 2021
. Retrieved
22 March
2021
.
- ^
"Year-long grand celebrations marking 50 years of UAE"
.
gulfnews.com
. 16 March 2021.
Archived
from the original on 22 March 2021
. Retrieved
22 March
2021
.
- ^
Monsy, Karen Ann.
"Watch: Sheikh Zayed at first police graduation ceremony 50 years ago"
.
Khaleej Times
.
Archived
from the original on 7 March 2021
. Retrieved
22 March
2021
.
- ^
Helene von Bismarck (29 March 2013).
British Policy in the Persian Gulf, 1961?1968: Conceptions of Informal Empire
. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 183.
ISBN
978-1-137-32673-7
. Retrieved
14 May
2022
.
On the evening of 4 August, a letter was eventually delivered to Nuttall in the political agency in Abu Dhabi, stating the desire of the 'Heads and lawful representatives of [the] Ruling family' to depose the ruler and asking the British Government for its help in removing him from the shaikhdom
- ^
Rabi, Uzi (May 2006).
"Oil Politics and Tribal Rulers in Eastern Arabia: The Reign of Shakhbut (1928? 1966)"
(PDF)
.
British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
.
33
(1): 37?50.
doi
:
10.1080/13530190600603832
.
S2CID
145543142
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 9 May 2013
. Retrieved
17 April
2013
.
- ^
Al Hashemi, Bushra Alkaff (27 February 2013).
"Memories of a simpler time"
.
The National
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Notes
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(majority view, see
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External links
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Born:
1918
Died:
2 November 2004
|
Regnal titles
|
Preceded by
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Ruler of Abu Dhabi
6 August 1966 ? 2 November 2004
|
Succeeded by
|
Political offices
|
Preceded by
Post Created
|
President of the United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 ? 2 November 2004
|
Succeeded by
|
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Acting presidents are in
italics
.
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National
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Other
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