Arabian tribe
Zahran
(
Arabic
:
?????
), also known as
Ban? ?Zahr?n ibn Ka?ab
,
[1]
is one of the oldest Arabian tribes in the
Arabian Peninsula
.
[2]
It is regarded as one of the largest tribes in
Al Bahah Province
.
[3]
Al Baha
is the homeland of Zahran and Ghamid.
[4]
However, many tribes that descend from Zahran and
Azd
migrated to Oman and Tanukh (Levant) under leadership of Malik bin Fehm in the
3rd century
.
[5]
Oman
's modern royal family,
Al Said
, is said to descend from Zahran through Malik ibn Fehm.
[6]
Moreover, many currently live in
Mecca
,
Jeddah
,
Riyadh
, and
Dammam
due to large migration from villages and small cities during the 1960s and 1970s in search of a better life.
Zahran is a well-known tribe before and after Islam. Many of them left their houses, homes, and relatives and joined the Prophet Mohammed in
Medina
.
[4]
Name
[
edit
]
Zahran (
Arabic
: ?????) is the name of the shared common ancestor of Zahran. Etymological sources indicate that it is of Arabic Semitic origin, meaning "bright" and "pure".
[7]
Lineage
[
edit
]
Al-Zahrani is a
nisba
to
Zahran
ibn Ka’ab ibn Al-Harith ibn Ka’ab ibn Abdullah Ibn M?lik ibn
Nasr
ibn
Al-Azd
, an
Azdite
offshoot.
[8]
Islamic Prophecy
[
edit
]
There are Islamic prophecies with regards to 'End-Times' that have quoted the tribe; like the following by Abu Hurairah:
Abu Hurairah said, “I heard the Prophet say, The Hour will not come until the buttocks of the women of Daws move (quiver) while going around Dhu l-Khalasah”. Dhu l-Khalasah was an idol worshiped by the tribe of Daws and neighboring clans during the
Jahiliyyah
. (Hadith from Bukhari.) And Dhu l-Khalasah is named after Khalasah: a valley in Zahran’s homeland, specifically in
Daws
,
[9]
one of the biggest clans in Zahran.
[10]
Recent history
[
edit
]
The author of
Kitab Akhbar Makka Lil’Azraqi
(Azraqi's Revisioned Book of Reports about Mecca), mentions that the local clans in the region used to re-honor Dhu l-Khalasah in the early 20th century and slay tributes to it. The prominent Saudi geographic researcher:
Rushdi Saleh Malhas
, dedicated a section under the title "Security Crisis and Return to Dhu l-Khalasah" to comment on the issue of "Dhu l-Khalasah":
"When the security cord in the
Arabian Peninsula
was diminished in recent times and its residents lacked comfort and tranquility, and poverty and destitution prevailed in the land, souls felt the desire for asceticism and faith, and the need for a refuge to which they dread, so local clans returned to their first
Jahiliyyah
, by re-honoring Dhu l-Khalasah, clinging to heresies and superstitions."
During the emergence of the
third/modern Saudi state
between 1341- 1344
Hijri
/ 1921 ? 1925
AD,
Dhu l-Khalasah was destroyed by order of
king Abdulaziz
, otherwise known as
Ibn Saud
. The order was carried in
delegation
by
Abdulaziz Al Ibrahim
, who led a campaign that demolished most of the image cult and threw its ruins into a nearby valley. One of those who engaged in the campaign emphasized that the structure of
Dhul-Khalasa
was immensely strong, stating that the force of dozens of men was required to move a single stone and that its durability indicates considerate tactful building skills.
[11]
Branches
[
edit
]
- Banu Daws
comprises three divisions: Banu Manhib, Banu Fahm and Banu Ali.
[12]
[13]
- Banu 'Amr
includes four divisions: Banu Bashir, Banu Harir, Banu Jundob, and Banu 'Adwan (Banu 'Adwan occupied
Adwan village
in Syria and gave the village its name).
[12]
[14]
- Banu Aws
includes five divisions: Banu Hasan, Bal-Khirmar, Banu Kinanah (not to be confused with
Banu Kinanah
), Banu 'Amir (not to be confused with
Banu 'Amir
) and Ahl Baydan.
[12]
Zahrani Arabic dialect
[
edit
]
Zahrani Arabic dialect is closely related to
standard Arabic language
.
[2]
Ahmed Abdul Ghafur Attar, a Saudi poet and
linguist
, said in an article that the language of the
Hejaz
, especially that which is spoken in Belad Ghamdi and Zahran, is close to the Classical Language.
[15]
Faisal Ghori (Arabic: ???? ????), a famous scholar of Arabic literature, in his book
Qabayil Al- Hejaz
(Hejazi tribes) wrote: "We can say is that there are some tribes in Arabia whose language today much closer to the classical Arabic language. The tribes of Belad Ghamid and Zahran are a good example of this."
[15]
Zahrani tribal governance
[
edit
]
Members of the tribe in Al Baha elected their
tribal chief
in 2006, the first election of its kind in Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Bin Yahya Al Zahrani
won the election.
[16]
[17]
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Abu Hurairah
, one of the
sahabah
(companions) of Muhammad
[18]
[19]
- Ibn Duraid
,
Abbasid
poet
[4]
- Fatimah bint Sa’ad
, third great grandmother of the
Islamic Prophet
Muhammad
[20]
- Thawabah ibn Salamah, became the first sovereign emir of
Cordoba
after overthrowing the
Ummayad governor of Al-Andalus
during the
Abbasid Revolution
(
August, 745 CE
)
[21]
- Juday al-Kirmani
, became the first
Abbasid
governor of
Khorasan
after overthrowing the
Ummayad governor of Khorasan
during the
Abbasid revolution
(
748 CE
)
[22]
- Malik ibn Fehm
, pre-Islamic king and founder of
Oman
and
Tanukh
[23]
- ?mir Al Jadir
(translation: Aamir the wall-mason), is said to be the first to reconstruct the walls of the
Kaaba
after
Abraham
and
Ishmael
and is the father of the clan of Banu ?mir
[24]
- Junada ibn Abi Umayya
, a
Syria
-based commander of naval and land forces under the
Umayyad
caliph
Mu'awiya I
- Jadhima Al Abrash
, king of
Tanukh
and son of Malik Bin Fehm
[23]
- Suleimah ibn Malik
, who killed his father, Malik ibn Fehm, then escaped to and ruled
Kerman
in
ancient Persia
[23]
- Jamaz ibn Malik
, pre-Islamic poet and king
[23]
- Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
, Arabian
lexicographer
and
philologist
[25]
- Ahmed ibn Sa’eed Al Busaidi
,
Imam
and founder of the
Al Busaid Dynasty
(
House of Al Said
)
- Musaddid ibn Msrahid, hadith narrator and imam
[26]
- Bakhroosh ibn A’llaas
,
emir
of Zahran and
Saudi
military commander of the West Arabian Brigade during the
Saudi-Ottoman War
[27]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"?225 ? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???????"
.
al-maktaba.org
. Retrieved
2022-08-02
.
- ^
a
b
Alzahrani, Halimah.
"Phonological Description of Zahrani Dialect"
. p. 2.
- ^
Near East/South Asia Report
. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1983.
- ^
a
b
c
Cuddihy, Kathy (2001).
An A to Z of Places and Things Saudi
. Stacey International.
ISBN
9781900988407
.
- ^
"?259 - ???? ??????? ??????? - ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???????"
.
al-maktaba.org
. Retrieved
2022-07-25
.
- ^
Al Seiyyabi, Salim.
"????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????"
.
- ^
"???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? 1"
.
www.almaany.com
. Retrieved
2022-07-18
.
- ^
??????, ??? ??????.
????? ?? ????? ???????
(in Arabic). pp. ? 2? ???? 82.
- ^
??????
(in Arabic). ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????]?. 1986. p. 102.
- ^
"May 1968. ? White Rose eTheses Online"
(PDF)
.
- ^
????? ????? ? 1? ? 381
- ^
a
b
c
Near East/South Asia Report
. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1983. p. 17.
- ^
"May 1968. ? White Rose eTheses Online"
(PDF)
.
- ^
Schumacher, Gottlieb; Oliphant, Laurence; Le Strange, G. (Guy) (1889).
Across the Jordan; being an exploration and survey of part of Hauran and Jaulan;
. Robarts ? University of Toronto. London, Watt.
- ^
a
b
Nadwi, Abdullah Abbas (1968).
A study of the Arabic dialects of the Ghamid and Zahran region of Saudi Arabia based on original field recording and an examination of the relationship to the neighboring regions
(phd). University of Leeds. p. 1.
- ^
"Saudi tribesmen hold first-ever election."
Saudi Election Website. October 5, 2006.
Archived
February 3, 2014, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Dostal, Walter; Kraus, Wolfgang (2005-07-08).
Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean
. I.B.Tauris.
ISBN
9781850436348
.
- ^
"His Name and Genealogy"
.
Al-Islam.org
. 29 September 2012
. Retrieved
2018-11-12
.
- ^
Caskel, Werner (1966).
Ghamharat an-Nasab: Das Genealogische Werk des Hisam Ibn Muhammad al-Kalbi
. E.J. Brill. p. 43.
Abu Hurairah, 'the cat man,' a well-known companion of the Prophet, and another notable figure from the Zahr?n lineage.
- ^
The Life of the Prophet Muhammad
(1 ed.). Ibn Hisham. p. 181.
- ^
"???: ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????|???? ???????"
.
www.al-eman.com
. Retrieved
2024-05-18
.
- ^
"?157 - ???? ????? ????? ????? - ???? ???????? - ???????? ???????"
.
islamport.com
. Archived from
the original
on 10 January 2022
. Retrieved
2022-01-10
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
"?225 ? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???????"
. 2020-12-17. Archived from
the original
on 2020-12-17
. Retrieved
2022-07-17
.
- ^
???????, ?????????.
???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????
. p. 36.
ISBN
978-9960-34-074-6
.
- ^
???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ?Abd al-?Az?z ibn ?Abd All?h Zahr?n? ? ??? Google
. 2021-02-06.
ISBN
9789960340746
. Retrieved
2022-07-17
.
- ^
?????? (2011).
????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
(in Arabic) (1 ???? ????? ed.). ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
- ^
"????? ?? ????.. ???? ????? ??????"
.
????? ??????
(in Arabic)
. Retrieved
2020-10-15
.