First-level administrative division of Russia
Krai in Far Eastern, Russia
Zabaykalsky Krai
(
Russian
:
Забайкальский край
,
romanized
:
Zabaykal'skiy kray
,
lit.
'
Transbaikal
territory',
IPA:
[z?b?j?kal?sk??j
kraj]
) is a
federal subject
of
Russia
(a
krai
), located in the
Russian Far East
. Its
administrative center
is
Chita
. As of the
2010 Census
, the population was 1,107,107.
[10]
The krai was created on March 1, 2008 as a result of a merger of
Chita Oblast
and
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
, after a referendum held on the issue on March 11, 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the
Far Eastern Federal District
.
[11]
Geography
[
edit
]
The krai is located within the historical region of
Transbaikalia
(Dauria) and has extensive international borders with
China
(
Inner Mongolia
and
Heilongjiang
) (998 km) and
Mongolia
(
Dornod Province
,
Khentii Province
and
Selenge Province
) (868 km); its internal borders are with
Irkutsk Oblast
and
Amur Oblast
, as well as with
Buryatia
and the
Sakha Republic
. The
Khentei-Daur Highlands
are located at the southwestern end. The
Ivan-Arakhley Lake System
is a group of lakes lying west of Chita.
History
[
edit
]
The first traces of human presence in the area dates to 35-150 thousand years ago. Early evidence was found on the surface of ancient river gravels Gyrshelunki (tributary of the Khilok River) near the city of
Chita
, near
Ust-Menza
on the Chikoy River.
Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct
Yeniseian language
.
[12]
Mongolic-related
Slab Grave
cultural monuments are found in
Baikal
territory.
[13]
The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the
Xiongnu
Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian
Xianbei state
(93-234),
Rouran Khaganate
(330?555),
Mongol Empire
(1206?1368) and
Northern Yuan
(1368?1691).
[14]
Medieval Mongol tribes like
Merkit
,
Tayichiud
,
Jalairs
and
Khamag Mongols
inhabited in the krai.
[14]
In the 17th century, some or all of Mongolic-speaking
Daurs
lived along the
Shilka
, upper
Amur
, and on the
Bureya River
. They thus gave their name to the region of
Dauria
, also called Transbaikal, now the area of
Russia
east of
Lake Baikal
. Today
Buryat-Mongols
remained in the territory of the krai.
Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on November 17, 2006, he supported the initiative.
A referendum on unification took place on March 11, 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes" was the predominant answer to the following question:
Do you agree that the
Chita Oblast
and
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
merged into a new entity of the Russian Federation - Zabaykalsky Krai, which included Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug will be an administrative-territorial unit with special status, defined by the charter of the province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation?
In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of the voters voted for the union versus - 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus - 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated.
On July 23, 2007,
Russian President
Vladimir Putin
signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the
State Duma
on July 5, 2007. and approved by the
Federation Council
on July 11, 2007.
Administrative divisions
[
edit
]
Economy
[
edit
]
Large companies in the region include the Priargunskoe Mining and Chemical Association, Territorial Generating Company №14, Novo-Shirokinsky mine, Kharanorskaya State District Power Plant, Kharanorskiy coal mine.
[15]
Government
[
edit
]
Ravil Geniatulin
, the Governor of Chita Oblast, was elected Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai on February 5, 2008 by the majority of the deputies of both
Chita Oblast Duma
and
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Duma
. He assumed the post on March 1, 2008.
[16]
United Russia
candidate
Natalia Zhdanova
was elected governor with 54% of the vote on September 18, 2016.
[17]
Demographics
[
edit
]
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1959
| 1,036,387
| ?
|
---|
1970
| 1,144,918
| +10.5%
|
---|
1979
| 1,233,435
| +7.7%
|
---|
1989
| 1,377,975
| +11.7%
|
---|
2002
| 1,155,346
| ?16.2%
|
---|
2010
| 1,107,107
| ?4.2%
|
---|
2021
| 1,004,125
| ?9.3%
|
---|
Source: Census data
|
Population:
1,004,125 (
2021 Census
)
;
[18]
1,107,107 (
2010 Russian census
)
;
[10]
1,155,346 (
2002 Census
)
;
[19]
1,377,975 (
1989 Soviet census
)
.
[20]
According to the 2021 Census,
[21]
Russians made up 89.2% of the population while Buryats were 7.4%. Other significant groups were Armenians (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Ukrainians (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%) and Uzbeks (0.2%) . 118,477 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
[22]
Ethnicity
|
2002 census
|
2010 census
|
2021 census
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Russians
|
1,037,502
|
90.0%
|
977,499
|
89.9%
|
790,207
|
89.2%
|
Buryats
|
70,457
|
6.1%
|
73,941
|
6.8%
|
65,590
|
7.4%
|
Armenians
|
3,594
|
0.3%
|
3,943
|
0.4%
|
2,651
|
0.3%
|
Tatars
|
8,159
|
0.7%
|
5,857
|
0.5%
|
2,489
|
0.3%
|
Others
|
32,941
|
2.9%
|
25,886
|
2.4%
|
24,711
|
2.8%
|
Ethnicity not stated
|
2,693
|
?
|
19,981
|
?
|
118,477
|
?
|
Settlements
[
edit
]
Largest cities or towns in Zabaykalsky Krai
2010 Russian Census
|
|
Rank
|
|
Administrative Division
|
Municipal pop.
|
Chita
Krasnokamensk
|
1
|
Chita
|
Chitinsky District
|
324,444
|
2
|
Krasnokamensk
|
Krasnokamensky District
|
55,666
|
3
|
Borzya
|
Borzinsky District
|
31,379
|
4
|
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky
|
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District
|
18,549
|
5
|
Nerchinsk
|
Nerchinsky District
|
14,959
|
6
|
Shilka
|
Shilkinsky District
|
13,947
|
7
|
Chernyshevsk
|
Chernyshevsky District
|
13,359
|
8
|
Mogocha
|
Mogochinsky District
|
13,258
|
9
|
Karymskoye
|
Karymsky District
|
13,037
|
10
|
Baley
|
Baleysky District
|
12,533
|
Vital statistics for 2022:
[23]
[24]
- Births: 11,135 (10.7 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 13,801 (13.2 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):
[25]
1.69 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):
[26]
Total ? 66.82 years (male ? 62.28, female ? 71.54)
Religion
[
edit
]
As of a 2012 survey
[27]
25% of the population of Zabaykalsky Krai adheres to the
Russian Orthodox Church
, 6.25% to
Buddhism
, 6% declares to be
generically unaffiliated
Christian
(excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or being member of other (non-Russian)
Orthodox churches
. In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 17% to be
atheist
, and 16.15% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the survey.
[27]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
Citations
[
edit
]
- ^
Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. ≪О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе≫. Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г.
(President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000
On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District
. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^
Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. ≪Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы≫, в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР.
(
Gosstandart
of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995
Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions
, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^
a
b
Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai, Article 21
- ^
"Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)"
.
Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography
. Archived from
the original
on February 9, 2022
. Retrieved
August 29,
2023
.
- ^
"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
.
Federal State Statistics Service
. Retrieved
September 1,
2022
.
- ^
"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"
. Federal State Statistics Service
. Retrieved
January 23,
2019
.
- ^
"Об исчислении времени"
.
Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
(in Russian). June 3, 2011
. Retrieved
January 19,
2019
.
- ^
Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the
Constitution of Russia
.
- ^
Law #5-FKZ
- ^
a
b
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]
(in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service
.
- ^
"Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации"
.
publication.pravo.gov.ru
. Retrieved
November 4,
2018
.
- ^
Edward Wajda (2018).
"Yeniseian and Dene Hydronyms"
. In Gary Holton; Thomas F. Thornton (eds.).
Language and Toponymy in Alaska and Beyond: Papers in Honor of James Kari
. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. pp. 183?201.
hdl
:
10125/24847
.
ISBN
9780997329544
.
- ^
History of Mongolia, Volume I, 2003
- ^
a
b
History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003
- ^
"Trans-Baikal Territory Industries"
.
investinregions.ru
. Archived from
the original
on November 7, 2018
. Retrieved
November 7,
2018
.
- ^
На административной карте РФ появился новый субъект федерации - Забайкальский край
. (
A new federal subject?Zabaykalsky Krai?appeared on the administrative map of the Russian Federation
) Itar-Tass.com
(in Russian)
- ^
"Siberia and Russian Far East vote decisively for United Russia in parliamentary elections"
.
siberiantimes.com
. Retrieved
December 29,
2022
.
- ^
Russian Federal State Statistics Service.
Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1
[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]
(XLS)
(in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service
.
- ^
Federal State Statistics Service
(May 21, 2004).
Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов ? районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек
[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities?Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000]
(XLS)
.
Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]
(in Russian).
- ^
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров
[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
(in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via
Demoscope Weekly
.
- ^
"Национальный состав населения"
.
Federal State Statistics Service
. Retrieved
December 30,
2022
.
- ^
"Впн-2010"
. Archived from
the original
on December 25, 2018
. Retrieved
December 22,
2011
.
- ^
"Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022"
.
ROSSTAT
. Archived from
the original
on March 2, 2023
. Retrieved
February 21,
2023
.
- ^
"Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022"
.
ROSSTAT
. Archived from
the original
on March 2, 2023
. Retrieved
February 21,
2023
.
- ^
Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости
[Total fertility rate].
Russian Federal State Statistics Service
(in Russian). Archived from
the original
(XLSX)
on August 10, 2023
. Retrieved
August 10,
2023
.
- ^
"Демографический ежегодник России"
[The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service of Russia
(Rosstat)
. Retrieved
June 1,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Main page project ≪Arena≫ : Non-profit research based consulting "Sreda"
"
. Retrieved
December 29,
2022
.
- ^
2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps
. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017.
Archived
.
General and cited sources
[
edit
]
- Законодательное Собрание Забайкальского края. Закон №125-ЗЗК от 17 февраля 2009 г. ≪Устав Забайкальского края≫, в ред. Закона №1307-ЗЗК от 25 марта 2016 г ≪О внесении изменения в статью 52 Устава Забайкальского края≫. Вступил в силу через десять дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Забайкальский рабочий", №30, 18 февраля 2009 г.
(Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai. Law #125-ZZK of February 17, 2009
Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai
, as amended by the Law #1307-ZZK of March 25, 2016
On Amending Article 52 of the Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai
. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
- Федеральный конституционный закон №5-ФКЗ от 21 июля 2007 г. ≪Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Читинской области и Агинского-Бурятского автономного округа≫.
(Federal Constitutional Law #5-FKZ of July 21, 2007
On the Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
. ).
External links
[
edit
]
|
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|
Internal additional non-constitutional divisions by different institutions
| |
|
|
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International
| |
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National
| |
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Geographic
| |
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