From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Youth is an
age group
in the
demographics of the United States
. In 2010, it was estimated that 20.2% of the
population of the United States
were 0?14 years old (30,305,704 females and 31,639,127 males).
[1]
Concerns from parents
[
edit
]
According to a survey of parents in 2011, the issues of greatest concern about children are as follows, with percentages of adults who rate each item as a "big problem":
[2]
- Childhood obesity
: 33%
- Drug abuse
: 33%
- Tobacco smoking
: 25%
- Teen pregnancy
: 24%
- Bullying
: 24%
- Internet safety
: 23%
- Stress
: 22%
- Alcohol abuse
: 20%
- Driving accidents
: 20%
- Sexting
: 20%
Sexuality
[
edit
]
Adolescent sexuality in the United States relates to the
sexuality
of American adolescents and its place in American society, both in terms of their feelings,
behaviors
and development and in terms of the response of the
government
, educators and interested groups.
Youth rights
[
edit
]
The
National Youth Rights Association
is the primary youth rights organization in the United States, with local chapters across the country and constant media exposure. The organization known as Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions is also an important organization.
The Freechild Project
has gained a reputation for interjecting youth rights issues into organizations historically focused on
youth development
and
youth service
through their consulting and training activities. The
Global Youth Action Network
engages young people around the world in advocating for youth rights, and
Peacefire
provides
technology
-specific support for youth rights activists.
Choose Responsibility
and their successor organization, the
Amethyst Initiative
, founded by Dr.
John McCardell Jr.
, exist to promote the discussion of the drinking age, specifically. Choose Responsibility focuses on promoting a legal drinking age of 18, but includes provisions such as education and licensing. The Amethyst Initiative, a collaboration of college presidents and other educators, focuses on discussion and examination of the drinking age, with specific attention paid to the culture of alcohol as it exists on college campuses and the negative impact of the drinking age on alcohol education and responsible drinking.
Youth politics
[
edit
]
Youth vote
[
edit
]
Congressional voting trends by race and age in the United States, 1966?2010
The
youth vote in the United States
is the cohort of 18?24 year-olds as a voting demographic,
[3]
though some scholars define youth voting as voters under 30.
[4]
Many policy areas specifically affect the youth of the United States, such as education issues and the
juvenile justice system
;
[5]
however, young people also care about issues that affect the population as a whole, such as national debt and war.
[6]
Young people have the lowest turnout, though as the individual ages, turnout increases to a peak at the age of 50 and then falls again.
[7]
Ever since 18-year-olds were given the right to vote in 1971 through the
26th Amendment to the Constitution
,
[8]
youth have been under represented at the polls as of 2003.
[3]
In 1976, one of the first elections in which 18-year-olds were able to vote, 18?24 year-olds made up 18 percent of all eligible voters in America, but only 13 percent of the actual voters ? an under-representation of one-third.
[3]
In the next election in 1978, youth were under-represented by 50 percent. "Seven out of ten young people…did not vote in the 1996 presidential election… 20 percent below the general turnout."
[9]
In 1998, out of the 13 percent of eligible youth voters in America, only five percent voted.
[3]
During the competitive presidential race of 2000, 36 percent of youth turned out to vote and in 2004, the "banner year in the history of youth voting," 47 percent of the American youth voted.
[10]
In the Democratic primaries for the
2008 U.S. presidential election
, the number of youth voters tripled and even quadrupled in some states compared to the 2004 elections.
[11]
In 2008, Barack Obama spoke about the contributions of young people to his election campaign outside of just voter turnout.
[12]
Mental health
[
edit
]
According to the
National Institute of Mental Health
, approximately 46% of American adolescents aged 13?18 will suffer from some form of
mental disorder
. About 21% will suffer from a disorder that is categorized as “severe,” meaning that the disorder impairs their daily functioning,
[13]
but almost two-thirds of these adolescents will not receive formal mental health support.
[14]
The most common types of disorders among adolescents as reported by the NIMH is
anxiety disorders
(including
generalized anxiety disorder
,
phobias
,
post-traumatic stress disorder
,
obsessive-compulsive disorder
, and others), with a lifetime prevalence of about 25% in youth aged 13?18 and 6% of those cases being categorized as severe.
[15]
Next is
mood disorders
(
major depressive disorder
,
dysthymic disorder
, and/or
bipolar disorder
), with a lifetime prevalence of 14% and 4.7% for severe cases in adolescents.
[16]
A similarly common disorder is
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), which is categorized as a childhood disorder but oftentimes carries through into adolescence and adulthood. The prevalence for ADHD in American adolescents is 9%, and 1.8% for severe cases.
[17]
It is important to understand that ADHD is a serious issue in not only children but adults. When children have ADHD a number of mental illnesses can come from that which can affect their education and hold them back from succeeding.
[18]
According to Mental Health America, more than 10% of young people exhibit symptoms of depression strong enough to severely undermine their ability to function at school, at home, or whilst managing relationships.
[19]
A 2021 study conducted by NIMH managed to link 31.4% of suicide deaths to a mental health disorder, the most common ones being
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) or depression.
[20]
Suicide was the second leading cause of death among persons aged 10?29 years in the United States during 2011?2019.
[21]
More teenagers and young adults die from suicide than cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia, influenza, and chronic lung disease combined.
[22]
There are an average of over 3,470 attempts by students in grades 9?12.
[23]
According to
APA
, the percentage of students going for college mental health counselling has been rising in recent years, which by report for anxiety as the most common factor, depression as the second, stress as the third, family issues as the fourth, and academic performance and relationship problems as the fifth and sixth most.
[24]
Juvenile delinquency
[
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]
Child support
[
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]
In the United States,
child support
is the ongoing obligation for a periodic payment made directly or indirectly by an "obligor" (or paying parent or payer) to an "obligee" (or receiving party or recipient) for the financial care and support of children of a relationship or a (possibly terminated)
marriage
. The laws governing this kind of obligation vary dramatically
state
-by-state and tribe-by-tribe among
Native Americans
. Each individual state and federally recognized
tribe
is responsible for developing its own
guidelines
for determining child support.
Typically the obligor is a
non-custodial
parent. Typically the obligee is a custodial parent, caregiver or guardian, or a government agency, and does not have to spend the money on the child. In the U.S., there is no gender requirement for child support; for example, a father may pay a mother or a mother may pay a father. In addition, where there is
joint custody
, in which the child has two custodial parents and no non-custodial parents, a custodial parent may be required to pay the other custodial parent.
Today, the federal child support enforcement program is the responsibility of the
Office of Child Support Services
,
[26]
an office of
Administration for Children and Families
in the
Department of Health and Human Services
. Federal regulations promulgated pursuant to Title IV-D of the
Social Security Act
require uniform application of child support guidelines throughout a state, but each state can determine its own method of calculating support. At a minimum,
45 CFR
302.56
requires each state to establish and publish a Guideline that is presumptively (but rebuttably) correct, and review the guideline, at a minimum, every four years.
[27]
Most states have therefore adopted their own "Child Support Guidelines Worksheet" which local courts and state Child Support Enforcement Offices
[28]
use for determining the "standard calculation" of child support in that state. Courts may choose to deviate from this standard calculation in any particular case. The US has reciprocal agreements with a number of countries regarding recovery of child support and is a party to the
Hague Maintenance Convention
2007.
Child labor
[
edit
]
Youth unemployment
[
edit
]
The general
unemployment rate in the United States
has increased in the last 5 years, but the youth unemployment rate has jumped almost 10 percentage points.
[30]
In 2007, before the most recent recession began, youth unemployment was already at 13%. By 2008, this rate had jumped to 18% and in 2010 it had climbed to just under 21%.
[31]
[30]
The length of time the youth are unemployed has expanded as well, with many youth in the United States remaining unemployed after more than a year of searching for a job.
[31]
This has caused the creation of a
scarred generation
, as discussed below. An estimated 9.4 million young people ages 16 to 24 in the United States (12.3%) are neither working nor in school.
[32]
As of July 2017
[update]
an estimated 20.9 million young people ages 16 to 24 in the United States (12.3%) are employed in the United States. The unemployment rate for youth was 9.6% in July, down by 1.9 percentage points from July 2016.
[33]
The demographic of unemployment among youth in the United States as of July 2017, show that the unemployment rates for both young men (10.1%) and women (9.1%) were lower than the summer before. The July 2017 rates for young Whites (8.0%) and Blacks (16.2%) declined over the year, while the rates for young Asians (9.9%) and Hispanics (10.1%) showed little change.
[33]
In August 2020, youth unemployment stood at 14.7%.
[34]
See also
[
edit
]
Other countries:
References
[
edit
]
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:
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