Senegalese politician and musician (born 1959)
Youssou N'Dour
|
---|
N'Dour in Warsaw in 2009
|
|
|
In office
5 April 2012 ? September 2013
|
Prime Minister
| Abdoul Mbaye
|
---|
Preceded by
| Thierno Lo
|
---|
|
|
Born
| (
1959-10-01
)
1 October 1959
(age 64)
Dakar
,
Mali Federation
|
---|
Musical career
|
Birth name
| Youssou N'Dour
|
---|
Also known as
| Youssou Ndour
|
---|
Born
| (
1959-10-01
)
1 October 1959
(age 64)
|
---|
Origin
| Dakar
, Senegal
|
---|
Genres
| Mbalax
,
world
|
---|
Occupation(s)
| |
---|
Years active
| 1970s?present
|
---|
Labels
| |
---|
Musical artist
|
|
Youssou N'Dour
(
French:
[jusu
(?)ndu?]
,
Wolof
:
Yuusu Nduur
; also known as
Youssou Madjiguene Ndour
;
[2]
born 1 October 1959) is a
Senegalese
singer, songwriter, musician, composer, occasional actor, businessman, and politician. In 2004,
Rolling Stone
described him as, "perhaps the most famous singer alive" in Senegal and much of Africa
[3]
and in 2023, the same publication ranked him at number 69 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.
[4]
From April 2012 to September 2013, he was Senegal's Minister of Tourism.
N'Dour helped develop a style of popular Senegalese music known by all
Senegambians
(including the
Wolof
) as
mbalax
,
a genre that has sacred origins in the
Serer
[5]
[6]
music
njuup
tradition and
ndut initiation ceremonies
.
[5]
[6]
He is the subject of the award-winning films
Return to Goree
(2007) directed by
Pierre-Yves Borgeaud
and
Youssou N'Dour: I Bring What I Love
(2008) directed by
Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi
, which were released around the world.
In 2006, N'Dour was cast as
Olaudah Equiano
in the film
Amazing Grace
.
[7]
Early life
[
edit
]
Ethnically,
[8]
N'Dour is
Serer
, born to a Serer father and a
Toucouleur
mother.
[5]
[9]
However, culturally, N'Dour is
Wolof
.
[9]
He was born in
Dakar
.
[5]
He started performing at age 12 and would later perform regularly with the
Star Band
, Dakar's most popular group during the 1970s.
Despite N'Dour's maternal connection to the traditional
griot
caste, he was not raised in that tradition, which he learned instead from his sibling. Although patrilineally from the noble N'Dour family, his parents' world-view encouraged a modern outlook, leaving him open to two cultures and thereby inspiring N'Dour's identity as a modern griot. As a Mouride disciple
, taalibe
in Wolof, a
Muslim
of the
Mouride
brotherhood, one of the large four
Sufi
orders in
Senegambia
, he often incorporated aspects of
Islamic music
and chants into his work.
[10]
[11]
Music career
[
edit
]
At the age of 15, Youssou N'Dour joined a band called
Diamono
and, in 1975, toured with the band in
West Africa
.
[1]
[12]
In 1976 when N'Dour was 16 years old, he signed a contract to sing with Ibra Kasse's
Star Band
at Kasse's Miami club in Dakar where he would become a sensation.
In 1978, N'Dour would follow as several members of the Star Band left to form
Etoile de Dakar
, a band that made important contributions to Senegal's newly evolving musical style called
mbalax
which incorporated traditional Senegalese music into the Latin styles that had dominated Senegalese popular music.
[13]
Although they quickly became one of the city's most popular bands,
[14]
the group was short-lived due to internal problems. Etoile de Dakar split into two groups: Etoile 2000 and Super Etoile de Dakar. The latter group included N'Dour, guitarist
Jimi Mbaye
, bassist
Habib Faye
, and
tama
(talking drum) player Assane Thiam. Super Etoile de Dakar produced four albums on cassette in just a few months and eventually evolved into N'Dour's backing band.
By 1991, he had opened his own recording studio, and, by 1995, his own record label, Jololi.
N'Dour is one of the most celebrated
African musicians
in history. His mix of traditional Senegalese mbalax with
eclectic
influences ranging from
Cuban rumba
to
hip hop
,
jazz
, and
soul
has won him an international fan base of millions. In the West, N'Dour has collaborated with
Peter Gabriel
,
[15]
Axelle Red
,
[16]
Sting
,
[17]
Alan Stivell
,
[18]
Bran Van 3000
,
[19]
Neneh Cherry
,
[20]
Wyclef Jean
,
[17]
Paul Simon
,
[20]
Bruce Springsteen
,
Tracy Chapman
,
James Newton Howard
,
Branford Marsalis
,
Ryuichi Sakamoto
,
Dido
,
Lou Reed
,
Bruce Cockburn
, and others.
The New York Times
described his voice as an "arresting tenor, a supple weapon deployed with prophetic authority".
[21]
N'Dour's work absorbed the entire Senegalese musical spectrum, often filtered through the lens of genre-defying rock or pop music from outside Senegalese culture.
In July 1993,
Africa Opera
composed by N'Dour premiered at the
Opera Garnier
for the French Festival Paris quartier d'ete.
[22]
In 1994, N'Dour released his biggest international hit single, the trilingual "
7 Seconds
", a duet sung with
Neneh Cherry
.
He wrote and performed the official anthem of the
1998 FIFA World Cup
with
Axelle Red
"
La Cour des Grands (Do You Mind If I Play)
".
[16]
Folk Roots
magazine described him as the African Artist of the Century. He toured internationally for thirty years. He won his first American
Grammy Award
(
best contemporary world music album
) for his CD
Egypt
in 2005.
[23]
[24]
[25]
He is the proprietor of
L'Observateur
, one of the widest-circulation newspapers in Senegal, the radio station RFM (Radio Future Medias) and the TV channel TFM.
In 2002, N'Dour was honoured with a
Prince Claus Award
, under that year's theme "Languages and transcultural forms of expression".
In 2006, N'Dour played the role of the African-British abolitionist
Olaudah Equiano
in the movie
Amazing Grace
, which chronicled the efforts of
William Wilberforce
to end slavery in the
British Empire
.
[26]
In 2008, N'Dour offered one of his compositions,
Bebe
, for the French singer
Cynthia Brown
.
[
citation needed
]
In 2011, N'Dour was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in music from
Yale University
.
[27]
In 2013, N'Dour won a share of Sweden's $150,000 Polar music prize for promoting understanding between faiths as well as for his music.
[28]
Activism
[
edit
]
N'Dour was nominated as
Goodwill Ambassador
of the
Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO) on 16 October 2000.
[29]
In Senegal, N'Dour became a powerful cultural icon, actively involved in social issues. In 1985, he organized a concert for the release of
Nelson Mandela
. He was a featured performer in the 1988 worldwide
Amnesty International
Human Rights Now! Tour
collaborating with
Lou Reed
on a version of the Peter Gabriel song "
Biko
" which was produced by
Richard James Burgess
and featured on the Amnesty International benefit album
The Secret Policeman's Third Ball
. He worked with the United Nations and
UNICEF
, and he started Project Joko to open
internet cafes
in Africa and to connect Senegalese communities around the world.
In 2003, N'Dour cancelled an upcoming American tour in order to publicly deny support for the upcoming
American invasion of Iraq
. In a public statement explaining his decision, N'Dour said:
It is my strong conviction that the responsibility for disarming Iraq should rest with the United Nations. As a matter of conscience I question the United States government's apparent intention to commence war in Iraq. I believe that coming to America at this time would be perceived in many parts of the world--rightly or wrongly--as support for this policy, and that, as a consequence, it is inappropriate to perform in the US at this juncture.
[30]
He performed in three of the
Live 8
concerts (in
Live 8 concert, London
,
Live 8 concert, Paris
and at the
Live 8 concert, Eden Project
in Cornwall) on 2 July 2005, with
Dido
.
[31]
He covered
John Lennon
's "
Jealous Guy
" for the 2007 CD
Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur
. N'Dour appeared in a joint Spain-Senegal ad campaign to inform the African public about the dramatic consequences of illegal immigration.
[32]
He participated in the
Stock Exchange of Visions
project in 2007.
[33]
In 2008, he joined the
Fondation Chirac
's honour committee.
[34]
The same year, Youssou N'Dour's microfinance organization named Birima ("Birima" is also a song's title) was launched with the collaboration of
United Colors of Benetton
.
In 2009, he released his song "Wake Up (It's Africa Calling)" under a
Creative Commons
license to help
IntraHealth International
in their
IntraHealth Open
campaign to bring
open source
health applications to Africa. The song was remixed by a variety of artists including
Nas
,
Peter Buck
of
R.E.M.
, and
Duncan Sheik
to help raise money for the campaign.
[35]
N'Dour is a supporter of the
Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
, an organisation which advocates for democratic reformation of the United Nations.
[36]
N'Dour is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.
[37]
Political career
[
edit
]
At the beginning of 2012, he announced plans to stand as a candidate in the
2012 Senegalese presidential election
, competing against President
Abdoulaye Wade
.
[38]
[39]
However, he was disqualified from running in the election over the legitimacy of the signatures he had collected to endorse his campaign.
[40]
N'Dour backed the opposition candidate
Macky Sall
, who defeated Wade in a second round of voting in March 2012. N'Dour was appointed as Minister of Culture and Tourism in April 2012 as part of the cabinet of new Prime Minister
Abdoul Mbaye
.
[41]
The story of N'Dour's presidential campaign was filmed for the
PBS
TV program
Sound Tracks: Music Without Borders
.
[42]
Later his portfolio was modified and he was appointed as Minister of Tourism and Leisure. He was dismissed from that post on 2 September 2013, when a new government under Prime Minister
Aminata Toure
was appointed.
[43]
N'Dour was instead appointed as Special Adviser to the President, with the rank of minister,
[44]
and tasked with promoting the country abroad.
[45]
Awards and nominations
[
edit
]
Discography
[
edit
]
Early cassettes
[
edit
]
This numbered series of cassettes was released in Senegal between 1982 and 1988, and was credited to Youssou N'Dour & Le Super Etoile de Dakar.
[63]
- Vol 1 Tabaski
- Vol 2 Ndakarou
- Vol 3 Independence
- Vol 4 Banjoly N'Diaye
- Vol 5 Yarou
- Vol 6 Marguedy
- Vol 7 Daby
- Vol 8 Immigres
- Vol 9 Africa
- Vol 10 Ndobine
- Vol 11 Bekoor
- Vol 12 Jamm
- Vol 13 Kocc Barma
- Vol 14 Gainde
Albums
[
edit
]
- Ndiadiane Ndiaye
(1982)
- Mouride
(1982)
- Independance Vol. 3
(1982)
- Show!!! A Abidjan
(1983)
- Djamil Inedits 84-85
(1985)
- Immigres
(1985)
- Nelson Mandela
(1985)
- The Lion
(1989)
- Set
(1990)
- Eyes Open
(1992)
- The Guide (Wommat)
(1994)
- Gainde ? Voices from the Heart of Africa
(1995)
- Djamil
(1996) ? anthology
- Lii
(1996)
- St. Louis
(1997)
- Special Fin D'annee Plus
(1998)
- Le Grand Bal a Evry
(1999)
- Rewmi
(1999)
- Joko: From Village to Town
(2000)
- Joko: The Link
(2000)
- Le Grand Bal
(2000)
- Ba Tay
(2001)
- Le Grand Bal a Bercy
(2001)
- Nothing's in Vain (Coono Du Reer)
(2002)
- Kirikou Et La Sorciere
(2004)
- Egypt
(2004)
- Jigeen Gni
(2005) ? single
- Alsaama Day
(2007)
- Rokku Mi Rokka
(2007) ? No. 30 in
Rolling Stone
'
s Top 50 Albums of 2007.
[64]
- I Bring What I Love
(2008) ? film soundtrack
- Special Fin D'annee: Salagne-Salagne
(2009)
- Dakar ? Kingston
(2010)
- Mbalakh Dafay Wakh
(2011)
- Fatteliku
(2014)
- #Senegaal Rek
(2016)
- Africa Rekk
(2016)
- Seeni Valeurs
(2017)
- Respect
(2018)
- History
(2019)
- Mbalax
(2021)
Compilation albums
[
edit
]
- Diongoma
(1983)
- Special Noel
(1993)
- The Best Of Youssou N'Dour
(1995)
- Euleuk Sibir with
Omar Pene
(You et Pene) (1996)
- Immigres/Bitim Rew
(1997)
- Inedits 84?85
(1997)
- Best of the 80's
(1998)
- Hey You: The Essential Collection 1988?1990
(1998)
- Birth Of A Star
(2001)
- Youssou N'Dour and His Friends
(2002)
- The Rough Guide To Youssou N'Dour & Etoile de Dakar
(2002)
- Cey You
(2003)
- Le Grand Bal: Paris-Bercy
(2003)
- 4.4.44
(2004)
- Bercy 2004 vol. 1 & 2
(2004)
- 7 Seconds: The Best Of Youssou N'Dour
(Remastered) (2004)
- Bercy 2005
(2005)
- Le Grand Bal: Bercy 2008
(2008)
- From Senegal to the world
(2012)
- Le Grand Bal: Bercy 2013
(2013)
- Africa Rekk (Reedition)
(2017)
- Raxas Bercy 2017
(2017)
- Le Grand Show
(2019)
Collaborations
[
edit
]
- 1986:
So
by
Peter Gabriel
? backing vocals on "In Your Eyes".
- 1989:
Passion
by Peter Gabriel ? backing vocals on "A Different Drum", "Passion".
- 1990:
Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats
by Peter Gabriel ? "Mercy Street" and "Shaking the Tree".
- 1990:
Le mani e l'anima
by Italian singer Claudio Baglioni ? "Oltre" album.
- 2000: Album
Solidays
? song "
Qui sait?
" for the association
Solidarite sida
, with
Anggun
,
Patrick Bruel
,
Stephan Eicher
,
Faudel
,
Peter Gabriel
,
Laam
,
Lokua Kanza
,
Nourith
,
Axelle Red
&
Zucchero
.
- 2003:
Hit
by Peter Gabriel ? backing vocals on "In Your Eyes".
- 2005:
Live 8: One Day, One Concert, One World
DVD ? N'Dour sings "7 Seconds" with
Dido
.
- 2005:
Live 8 Paris
DVD ? N'Dour sings at the end of the concert "New Africa/Lima Weesu".
- 2006:
An Other Cup
by
Yusuf
? backing vocals on "The Beloved".
- 2007:
Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign To Save Darfur
? N'Dour sings "Jealous Guy".
- 2008:
Bord Ezanga Kombo
by
Koffi Olomide
? N'Dour on "Festival".
- 2009: Les Amis Du Monde with the Lebanese diva
Majida El Roumi
for the
Francophone Games
Opening 2009 in Beirut.
- 2020:
Twice as Tall
by
Burna Boy
? on track 4
[65]
- 2020:
L'Ours
with
Christophe Mae
Singles
[
edit
]
Films
[
edit
]
Amazing Grace
(2006)
Retour a Goree
(2007)
- As himself, journeying from the island of Goree to the USA and back, exploring the origins of jazz, which go back to the era of
slave trade
in Africa, through a concert performed by an international group of artists.
[74]
[75]
Youssou N'Dour: I Bring What I Love
(2008)
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Indicates the year of ceremony. Each year is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Hardy, Phil,
The Da Capo Companion to 20th-century Popular Music
,
Da Capo Press
(1995), p. 682,
ISBN
9780306806407
- ^
Xalima,
Youssou ≪ Madjiguene ≫ devenu l’ennemi des hommes senegalais...
(28 November 2019)
[1]
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour"
.
Rolling Stone
. Archived from
the original
on 30 September 2007.
- ^
"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time"
.
Rolling Stone
. 1 January 2023
. Retrieved
13 July
2023
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Sturman, Janet,
The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture
,
SAGE Publications
(2019), p. 1926,
ISBN
9781483317748
. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
- ^
a
b
Connolly, Sean,
Senegal
,
Bradt Travel Guides
(2009), p. 27,
ISBN
9781784776206
[2]
(Retrieved 13 July 2019)
- ^
"Olaudah Equiano (Youssou N'Dour) | guardian.co.uk Film"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
28 April
2021
.
- ^
In the
Senegambia region
as well as many
African cultures
, a person's ethnicity is determined by their father's line or surname.
N'Dour
and its variation
Ndure
or
Ndour
is a typical Serer surname. See -
Mwakikagile, Godfrey
,
The Gambia and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural Integration in Africa,
New Africa Press (2010), p. 136, 141.
ISBN
9789987160235
- ^
a
b
"La musique me portait, c'etait ma seule langue"
.
Le Monde.fr
(in French). 12 August 2005.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour film explores music and Islam"
.
Reuters
. 16 June 2009
. Retrieved
16 July
2022
.
- ^
Hudson, Mark (23 May 2004).
"A song and a prayer"
.
The Guardian
.
- ^
Appiah, Anthony
,
Gates, Henry Louis
,
Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1
,
Oxford University Press
(2010), p. 562,
ISBN
9780195337709
[3]
- ^
Hudson, Mark, essay in liner notes of "Once Upon a Time in Senegal", Etoile de Dakar, Sterns Music 2010, p. 14
- ^
Denselow, Robin (6 May 2010).
"Etoile de Dakar featuring Youssou N'Dour: Once Upon a Time in Senegal"
.
The Guardian
. London.
- ^
Llewellyn Smith, Caspar (15 June 2008).
"Soundtrack of my life: Youssou N'Dour"
.
Guardian.co.uk
. London
. Retrieved
4 January
2012
.
- ^
a
b
Perrone, Pierre (29 May 1998).
"Music: The song remains the game"
.
The Independent
. London: Independent.co.uk
. Retrieved
4 January
2012
.
- ^
a
b
Hudson, Mark (12 December 2002).
"Supernatural superstar"
. London: Telegraph.co.uk
. Retrieved
4 January
2012
.
- ^
"Scotland News ? Listings: Critics' choice"
. TimesOnline.co.uk. 11 January 2004.
- ^
Gill, Andy (14 June 2001).
"Album: Bran van 3000"
. London: Independent.co.uk.
[
dead link
]
- ^
a
b
Cumming, Tim (21 October 2004).
"Youssou N'Dour and the Fathi Salama Orchestra, Barbican, London"
. Independent.co.uk. Archived from
the original
on 14 November 2009.
- ^
Powers, Ann (23 November 2000).
"African Drumbeats That Shout Out in Celebration"
.
NYTimes.com
.
- ^
a
b
"Youssou N'Dour"
.
Polar Music Prize
. Retrieved
5 October
2019
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour"
.
GRAMMY.com
. 23 November 2020
. Retrieved
28 April
2021
.
- ^
"BBC Radio 4 - Profile, Youssou N'Dour"
.
BBC
. Retrieved
28 April
2021
.
- ^
"BBC World Service - Focus on Africa, Youssou N'Dour on politics, culture and music"
.
BBC
. Retrieved
28 April
2021
.
- ^
Moss, Stephen (21 March 2007).
"I'm bringing a message"
.
Guardian.co.uk
. London.
- ^
Burt, David; de La Bruyere, Max (23 May 2011).
"University confers 2,907 degrees at 310th Commencement"
.
The Daily Yale News
. Archived from
the original
on 12 November 2011
. Retrieved
3 January
2012
.
- ^
Scrutton, Alistair (7 May 2013).
"Youssou N'Dour's work for harmony lands Swedish music prize"
.
Reuters
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour"
.
Food and Agriculture Organization
. Retrieved
16 September
2009
.
- ^
Christgau, Robert (8 June 2004).
"Facing Mecca"
.
The Village Voice
. Retrieved
8 December
2018
.
- ^
"Dido, Youssou and the three-gig dash"
.
The Observer
. London: Guardian.co.uk. 3 July 2005.
- ^
Elkin, Mike (20 September 2007).
"Spanish TV ads seek to deter boat people"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
28 April
2021
.
- ^
"Youssou n'Dour the Africa's Music Maestro"
. ThisDayOnline.com. 13 June 2009. Archived from
the original
on 20 November 2010.
- ^
"Honor Committee"
.
Fondationchirac.eu
. Retrieved
5 October
2019
.
- ^
"Open Initiative"
. IntraHealth. Archived from
the original
on 11 January 2012
. Retrieved
4 January
2012
.
- ^
"Statements"
.
Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly
. Retrieved
28 September
2017
.
- ^
"Artists - Artists Against Racism"
.
artistsagainstracism.org
. Retrieved
25 June
2018
.
- ^
"Message Nouvel an : Youssou Ndour confirme sa candidature a la Presidentielle 2012"
(in French). Seneweb. 2 January 2012
. Retrieved
3 January
2012
.
- ^
Diene, Charles Gaiky.
"Course a la presidentielle : Youssou Ndour sur la ligne de depart"
.
WalFadjri
(in French)
. Retrieved
3 January
2012
.
- ^
"Senegal clashes erupt as court clears Wade poll bid"
.
BBC News
. 28 January 2012.
- ^
"Senegal musician Youssou Ndour given ministerial post"
.
BBC News
. 5 April 2012.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour: Shakin' the Tree | Sound Tracks"
.
Pbs.org
. Retrieved
5 October
2019
.
- ^
"Senegal : un nouveau gouvernement forme, sans le chanteur Youssou Ndour"
, Agence France-Presse, 2 September 2013
(in French)
.
- ^
"C’est officiel : Youssou N'dour nomme Conseiller special, avec rang de ministre"
, Dakaractu, 9 September 2013
(in French)
.
- ^
Benjamin Roger,
"Yasmina Khadra, Youssou N’Dour, George Weah… Ces personnalites qui revaient d’etre president"
,
Jeune Afrique
, 8 November 2013
(in French)
.
- ^
"History"
.
BRIT Awards
. Retrieved
1 October
2021
.
- ^
[4]
[
dead link
]
- ^
"POP 1994"
, Edisons.nl
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour"
.
Grammy.com
. 23 November 2020.
- ^
"Archive | The Ivors | The Ivors Academy | Champions of Music Creators"
.
The Ivors Academy
. Retrieved
1 October
2021
.
- ^
"Senegalese Singer Youssou N'Dour Wins the 2020 La Mar de Musica Award"
. World Music Central. 5 March 2020.
- ^
"Lunas del Auditorio"
.
Lunas del Auditorio
. Retrieved
1 October
2021
.
- ^
"Mobos 2001: The winners"
.
News.bbc.co.uk
. 4 October 2001.
- ^
"Mobo Awards 2003: The nominees"
.
News.bbc.co.uk
. 1 September 2003.
- ^
"Mobo Awards 2004: The nominees"
.
News.bbc.co.uk
. 24 August 2004.
- ^
"Mobo awards 2005: The winners"
.
News.bbc.co.uk
. 22 September 2005.
- ^
"1994 MTV Europe Music Awards - Nominees & Winners"
.
YouTube
. 2 December 2018.
Archived
from the original on 11 December 2021.
- ^
Perusse, Bernard (4 May 2011).
"YOoussou N'Dour Wins Antonio Carlos Jobim Award"
.
The Montreal Gazette
– via International Music Network.
- ^
"Music | Youssou N'Dour"
.
Praemium Imperiale
. 2017.
- ^
"Les Victoires de La Musique - Palmares 2001"
.
Francetv.fr
.
- ^
"Les Victoires de La Musique - Palmares 2011"
.
Francetv.fr
.
- ^
Team, U. M. A. (23 January 2023).
"Drake, Beyonce, Stormzy, Chris Brown, DJ Khaled and Central Cee all make the shortlist of nominees for this year's 19th anniversary of the Urban Music Awards"
.
Urban Music Awards
. Retrieved
20 May
2023
.
- ^
Jacot Music (January 1990). "Youssou N'Dour & Le Super Etoile de Dakar (advertisement)".
fRoots
(79/80): 62.
- ^
CHRISTGAU, ROBERT; FRICKE, DAVID; HOARD, CHRISTIAN; SHEFFIELD, ROB,
"The Top 50 Albums of 2007"
RollingStone.com
, 17 December 2007
- ^
Alake, Motolani (14 August 2020).
"Burna Boy releases new album, 'Twice As Tall'
"
.
Pulse Nigeria
. Retrieved
14 August
2020
.
- ^
Roberts, David (2006).
British Hit Singles & Albums
(19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 388.
ISBN
1-904994-10-5
.
- ^
Australian chart peaks:
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour - French Chart"
. lescharts.com
. Retrieved
27 October
2015
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour - Walloon Chart"
. ultratop.be
. Retrieved
27 October
2015
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour - Swiss Chart"
. hitparade.ch
. Retrieved
27 October
2015
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour - German Chart"
. germancharts.de
. Retrieved
27 October
2015
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour ? US Billboard Hot 100 Chart"
. Billboard
. Retrieved
23 October
2015
.
- ^
"Youssou N'Dour - US Alternative Songs"
. Billboard
. Retrieved
10 August
2015
.
- ^
Regnier, Isabelle (1 April 2008).
"
"Retour a Goree" : la force de la musique des esclaves noirs au detriment de la verite historique"
.
Le Monde
(in French)
. Retrieved
14 March
2012
.
- ^
Curiel, Jonathan,
"Return to Goree"
(review),
San Francisco Chronicle
, 19 September 2008.
External links
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Albums
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Singles
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Other songs
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