Not to be confused with
Ya'an
.
Prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
Yan'an
|
---|
|
"Yan'?n" in Chinese characters
|
Chinese
| 延安
|
---|
Postal
| Yenan
|
---|
Literal meaning
| "Prolonged Peace"
|
---|
|
|
Yan'an
[a]
is a
prefecture-level city
in the
Shaanbei
region of
Shaanxi
province
, China, bordering
Shanxi
to the east and
Gansu
to the west. It administers several counties, including
Zhidan
(formerly Bao'an), which served as the headquarters of the
Chinese Communist Party
(CCP) before the city of Yan'an proper took that role.
Yan'an was near the endpoint of the
Long March
, and became the center of the
Chinese Communist Revolution
from late 1935 to early 1947. Chinese communists celebrate Yan'an as the birthplace of the revolution.
As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents.
[2]
: 4?5
History
[
edit
]
Yan'an was populated at least as early as the
Xia dynasty
.
[3]
During the
Spring and Autumn period
, the area was inhabited by the
Beidi people
.
[3]
During the Western Wei the area was organized as
Yanzhou
[
zh
]
.
[3]
Under the
Sui dynasty
, the area was re-organized as
Yan'an Commandery
[
zh
]
,
[4]
and a military base was established.
[
citation needed
]
The area became an important defensive outpost for the subsequent
Tang dynasty
,
[5]
which renamed the area Yanzhou in 758 CE.
[3]
Yanzhou was a location of strategic military importance for the Chinese empire and
Tanguts
of the
Western Xia
dynasty.
[
citation needed
]
It was once successfully defended by the
Song dynasty
era Chinese scientist, statesman, and general
Shen Kuo
.
[
citation needed
]
However, it was eventually taken over by the Tanguts in 1082 once Shen's defensive victories were marginalized and sacrificed by the new chancellor
Cai Que
(who handed the city over to the Tanguts as terms of a peace treaty).
[
citation needed
]
In 1089, under the Song dynasty, Yanzhou was renamed to Yan'an, and was promoted to a
fu
(
Chinese
:
府
).
[3]
Yan'an and the whole of
Shaanxi
were taken over by the
Mongols
in the late 1220s, only after their leader
Genghis Khan
had died during the siege of the Western Xia capital in 1227.
[
citation needed
]
The demographic impacts of this was felt for decades, as the local economy cratered, and insufficient government support hindered recovery efforts:
[6]
: 128?129
In 1823, Bao'an (present-day
Zhidan County
) had a population of 51,000, but only 170 remained in 1868; while Yan'an (present-day
Baota District
) had 61,200 inhabitants in 1823, but only about 10,000 in 1930.
[6]
: 128
One account from a British traveler in 1911 described Yan'an as "a city of pretentious Government Offices long fallen into decay...Gazing down a vista of dim distant years one caught a glimpse of past splendour; but the living forces of which it had been the drapery and symbols had long since died out, leaving stagnation, corruption and decay to reign in its halls".
[6]
: 129?130
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, the city became part of the newly created
Republic of China
, and was reorganized by the Republican government in 1913 under
Yulin Circuit
[
zh
]
.
[3]
Throughout the Republic of China,
feudal
-like
landlordism
persisted in Yan'an, and a number of observers found it to be worse in the region than elsewhere in rural China.
[6]
: 134?135
Red Capital and the Chinese Civil War
[
edit
]
In 1934, two regional
soviets
were established.
[3]
In October 1935, following the
Long March
, forces of the
Chinese Red Army
arrived in the area from
Jiangxi
.
[3]
The following month, communist forces established a regional government in
Wayaobao
and re-organized regional soviet administrations.
[3]
In May 1936, the area was re-organized by communist forces as
Shaan-Gan-Ning Province
(
Chinese
:
?甘?省
).
[3]
In December 1936, at the start of the
Second United Front
, Yan'an was taken over by the Chinese Communists.
[7]
When
Edgar Snow
went there in 1936, it was under
Kuomintang
control and a Red army siege had recently been lifted.
[8]
Unknown to him at the time, there had also been contacts there between the Communists and the generals who later staged the
Xi'an Incident
.
[
citation needed
]
Snow actually met Mao at Bao'an (Pao An).
[
citation needed
]
Having rebelled against Chiang, the local warlords decided to hand over Yan'an to the Communists, who were now allies. They pulled out, and in January 1937, the Red Army entered Yan'an,
[3]
without a fight. This is described by
Agnes Smedley
in her book
Battle Hymn of China
. She was in Xi'an at the time and got to Yan'an shortly after the take-over.
[
citation needed
]
On September 6, 1937, Yan'an became the seat of the communist government of what became known as the
Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region
.
[3]
It became the center for intensive training of party members and army troops. Thousands of intellectuals traveled to Yan'an from all over the country.
[9]
: 123
From 1937 through 1941, the Communist government organized large-scale migrations to Yan'an, predominantly from
Suide
to the northeast, which was a significantly more densely populated area.
[6]
: 141
Many farmers from the region were attracted to Yan'an for the prospect of working more land, as well as the Communists' land and tax reforms.
[6]
: 141
From 1937 to 1939, over 1,500,000
mu
of previously unused land was cleared for agriculture.
[6]
: 143
During this time, the large drive for intense rural labor earned its detractors, and was publicly criticized by some for "giving people a distaste for collective labour".
[6]
: 143
Subsequently, these types of large-scale labor projects would be handled by the army.
[6]
: 143
In 1941,
Mao Zedong
put special influence on a series of training programs to "correct unorthodox tendencies" and essentially mold the peasantry to the communist model. One of the first CCP programs launched was the
Yan'an Rectification Movement
.
[10]
[11]
World War II and resumption of the Chinese Civil War
[
edit
]
During the
Second World War
almost all buildings, except a pagoda, were destroyed by Japanese bombing, and most inhabitants took to living in
yaodongs
, artificial caves or
dugouts
carved into hillsides which were traditional dwellings in
Shaanxi
.
[
citation needed
]
While Yan'an was the center of Chinese communist life many prominent Western journalists including
Edgar Snow
and
Anna Louise Strong
met with Mao Zedong and other important leaders for interviews.
[
citation needed
]
Other Westerners, such as
Hsiao Li
and
Michael Lindsay
, were part of the resistance movement in Yan'an.
[12]
Beginning in 1944, Yan'an played host to the
United States Army Observation Group
, also known as the Dixie Mission.
[13]
This group sought to establish relations with Chinese Communist forces, investigate the Communist Party politically and militarily, and determine whether the United States should back Communist forces.
[13]
Prominent Americans tasked with evaluating the Communist forces politically and militarily include
John S. Service
of the
United States Department of State
, and
Colonel
David D. Barrett
of the
United States Army
.
[13]
The mission explored possible plans for cooperation against the Japanese.
[
citation needed
]
The Americans had a presence in Yan'an from 1944 to 1947.
[
citation needed
]
Yan'an was briefly captured in the
Battle of Yan'an
by the Kuomintang forces in the
Chinese Civil War
.
[
citation needed
]
The Communist leadership learned of a planned attack in advance and decided to pull out.
[
citation needed
]
From then until their capture of
Beijing
they were usually based somewhere else, often with a mobile headquarters.
[
citation needed
]
People's Republic of China
[
edit
]
In May 1950, under the
People's Republic of China
, Yan'an was re-organized as Yan'an District, and was further re-organized as a special district (
Chinese
:
??
) in October.
[3]
Yan'an was later established as an area (
Chinese
:
地?
).
[3]
On November 5, 1996, Yan'an Area was revoked and established as a
prefecture-level city
.
[3]
Yan'an's experienced fast-paced
urbanization
during the
Eleventh Five-Year Plan
period (2006?2010).
[9]
: 125
From 2011 to 2015, it underwent a
red tourism
-oriented beautification project.
[9]
: 127
Geography and climate
[
edit
]
Yan'an is located in
northern Shaanxi
on the
Loess Plateau
, with a latitude spanning from 35°21′ to 37°31′ N, and a longitude spanning from 107°41′ to 110°31′ E.
[14]
The city is bordered by
Yulin
to the north,
Xianyang
,
Tongchuan
, and
Weinan
in the
Guanzhong
region to the south,
Linfen
and
Luliang
of
Shanxi
to the east across the
Yellow River
, and
Qingyang
of
Gansu
to the west across the
Ziwu Ridge
(
Chinese
:
子午?
).
[14]
The city's elevation is hilly, and is higher in the northwest, and lower in the southeast, ranging from 388 to 1,809 metres (1,273 to 5,935 ft) above sea level in elevation.
[14]
The average elevation of Yan'an is approximately 1,000 m (3,280 ft), and Yan'an's
urban core
has an elevation of about 960 metres (3,150 ft) above sea level.
[14]
In addition to the Yellow River flowing through Yan'an, the city's major rivers include the
Yan River
and the
Luo River
.
[14]
Yan'an has a
humid continental climate
(
Koppen climate classification
Dwa
) that borders on a
steppe climate
(Koppen
BSk
), with cold, dry, and moderately long winters, and hot, somewhat humid summers. Spring and autumn are short transition seasons in between. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from ?5.5 °C (22.1 °F) in January to 23.1 °C (73.6 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 9.90 °C (49.8 °F). The area receives 511 millimeters (20.1 in) of precipitation, 47% of which falls in July and August. Yan’an averages around 300 days of sunshine per year.
Climate data for Yan'an (1991?2012 normals, extremes 1971?2000)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
16.6
(61.9)
|
23.8
(74.8)
|
27.6
(81.7)
|
34.4
(93.9)
|
36.5
(97.7)
|
37.5
(99.5)
|
38.3
(100.9)
|
36.9
(98.4)
|
37.5
(99.5)
|
29.7
(85.5)
|
25.5
(77.9)
|
18.0
(64.4)
|
38.3
(100.9)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
2.3
(36.1)
|
7.3
(45.1)
|
13.3
(55.9)
|
21.1
(70.0)
|
25.8
(78.4)
|
29.7
(85.5)
|
30.5
(86.9)
|
28.4
(83.1)
|
23.7
(74.7)
|
18.1
(64.6)
|
11.1
(52.0)
|
4.3
(39.7)
|
18.0
(64.3)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?4.9
(23.2)
|
?0.2
(31.6)
|
5.8
(42.4)
|
13.1
(55.6)
|
18.2
(64.8)
|
22.3
(72.1)
|
24.0
(75.2)
|
22.2
(72.0)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
10.5
(50.9)
|
3.4
(38.1)
|
?2.9
(26.8)
|
10.7
(51.3)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
?10.3
(13.5)
|
?5.8
(21.6)
|
?0.1
(31.8)
|
6.3
(43.3)
|
11.3
(52.3)
|
15.7
(60.3)
|
18.8
(65.8)
|
17.5
(63.5)
|
12.3
(54.1)
|
5.2
(41.4)
|
?1.8
(28.8)
|
?7.8
(18.0)
|
5.1
(41.2)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?21.4
(?6.5)
|
?19.8
(?3.6)
|
?15.4
(4.3)
|
?6.3
(20.7)
|
?0.1
(31.8)
|
5.5
(41.9)
|
10.1
(50.2)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
0.6
(33.1)
|
?8.1
(17.4)
|
?17.0
(1.4)
|
?23.0
(?9.4)
|
?23.0
(?9.4)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
3.2
(0.13)
|
5.3
(0.21)
|
14.6
(0.57)
|
25.6
(1.01)
|
41.0
(1.61)
|
64.1
(2.52)
|
100.6
(3.96)
|
110.0
(4.33)
|
69.1
(2.72)
|
38.4
(1.51)
|
14.7
(0.58)
|
2.4
(0.09)
|
489
(19.24)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 0.1 mm)
|
2.4
|
3.0
|
4.6
|
5.9
|
7.8
|
9.0
|
12.0
|
11.1
|
9.8
|
8.1
|
3.9
|
2.0
|
79.6
|
Average snowy days
|
4.3
|
4.0
|
2.9
|
0.5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.3
|
2.4
|
3.6
|
18
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
54
|
51
|
49
|
44
|
49
|
56
|
67
|
72
|
72
|
68
|
60
|
54
|
58
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
196.5
|
188.2
|
218.8
|
242.5
|
262.6
|
251.6
|
231.0
|
213.7
|
176.0
|
190.8
|
191.3
|
192.3
|
2,555.3
|
Percent
possible sunshine
|
63
|
61
|
59
|
61
|
60
|
57
|
52
|
52
|
48
|
55
|
63
|
64
|
58
|
Source 1:
China Meteorological Administration
[15]
[16]
|
Source 2: Weather China
[17]
|
Administrative divisions
[
edit
]
Map
|
|
Name
|
Hanzi
|
Hanyu Pinyin
|
Population (2019)
[2]
: 4?6
|
Area (km
2
)
[3]
|
Density (/km
2
)
|
Baota District
|
?塔?
|
B?ot? Q?
|
497,100
|
3,537.6
|
140.52
|
Ansai District
|
安塞?
|
?nsai Q?
|
177,600
|
2,951.3
|
60.18
|
Zichang City
|
子?市
|
Z?chang Shi
|
219,400
|
2,393.4
|
91.67
|
Yanchang County
|
延??
|
Yanchang Xian
|
127,900
|
2,361.6
|
54.16
|
Yanchuan County
|
延川?
|
Yanchu?n Xian
|
170,100
|
1,986.5
|
85.63
|
Zhidan County
|
志丹?
|
Zhid?n Xian
|
145,800
|
3,790.2
|
38.47
|
Wuqi County
|
?起?
|
Wuq? Xian
|
152,600
|
3,788.5
|
40.28
|
Ganquan County
|
甘泉?
|
G?nquan Xian
|
79,100
|
2,276.1
|
34.75
|
Fu County
|
富?
|
Fu Xian
|
156,800
|
4,179.9
|
37.51
|
Luochuan County
|
洛川?
|
Luochu?n Xian
|
228,200
|
1,791.3
|
127.39
|
Yichuan County
|
宜川?
|
Yichu?n Xian
|
121,500
|
2,937.2
|
41.37
|
Huanglong County
|
???
|
Huanglong Xian
|
49,200
|
2,751.0
|
17.88
|
Huangling County
|
?陵?
|
Huangling Xian
|
130,400
|
2,286.7
|
57.03
|
Demographics
[
edit
]
As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents, a slight decrease from the 2,259,400 recorded in 2018.
[2]
: 4?5
As of 2019, there are 2,336,587 people with a Yan'an
hukou
registration.
[2]
: 4?7
This discrepancy reflects China's system of
internal migration
, as many hukou holders in more rural areas migrate to larger and more developed cities.
Approximately 674,700 people lived in Yan'an's two
districts
(
Baota
and
Ansai
) as of 2019.
[2]
: 4?6
Vital statistics
[
edit
]
In 2019, Yan'an recorded a
birth rate
of 9.80‰ (
per thousand
), and a
death rate
of 5.97‰, giving the city a
rate of natural increase
of 3.83‰.
[2]
: 4?5
This is a slight decrease from 2018, when the rate of natural increase was 4.30‰.
[2]
: 4?5
Income
[
edit
]
In 2019, urban households earned an average
disposable income
of 34,888
RMB
, an 8.3% increase from the previous year.
[2]
: 10?2
Rural households earned a lower average of 11,876 RMB, reflecting a 10.1% increase from the previous year.
[2]
: 10?2
Economy
[
edit
]
Like much of
China
, Yan'an's economy has rapidly developed in the 21st century. Yan'an's
gross domestic product
(GDP) in 2019 stood at 166.389 billion
RMB
, more than ten times its GDP in 2000, which stood at just 13.063 billion RMB.
[2]
: 3?12
Yan'an recorded a 6.7% increase to GDP in 2019, down from the 8.9% growth recorded in 2018, and below the peak of 19.6% annual GDP growth the city achieved in 2004.
[2]
: 3?13
The GDP
per capita
of Yan'an totals 73,703 RMB as of 2019,
[2]
: 3?12
a 6.9% increase from the previous year.
[2]
: 3?13
Of Yan'an's
county-level divisions
,
Baota District
recorded the largest GDP in 2019, totaling 36.391 billion RMB.
[2]
: 3?15
Baota District is followed by
Luochuan County
and
Huangling County
, which recorded economic outputs totaling 24.387 billion and 18.593 billion RMB, respectively.
[2]
: 3?15
Yan'an is largely reliant on its
secondary sector
, which comprises the majority of its GDP as of 2019.
[2]
: 3?12
GDP Composition of Yan'an (2019)
Sector
|
2019 Value (RMB)
[2]
: 3?12
|
Percent of Total GDP
[2]
: 3?12
|
Annual growth
[2]
: 3?13
|
Primary Sector
|
14.933 billion
|
8.975%
|
+5.2%
|
Secondary Sector
|
99.985 billion
|
60.091%
|
+6.5%
|
Tertiary Sector
|
51.471 billion
|
30.934%
|
+7.6%
|
Total GDP
|
166.389 billion
|
100.000%
|
+6.7%
|
Agriculture
[
edit
]
As of 2019, the city's output in the fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishing totals 26.107 billion RMB.
[2]
: 12?4
Of this, farming accounted for 21.798 billion RMB, animal husbandry accounted for 2.987 billion RMB, forestry accounted for 621.17 million RMB, fishing accounted for 72.82 million RMB, and agricultural services accounted for 628.32 million RMB.
[2]
: 12?4
The total area of Yan'an's farmland in 2019 is 183.30 thousand
hectares
, of which, 72.79 thousand hectares are used for growing
maize
.
[2]
: 12-11
Sizable tracts of land in Yan'an are also used to grow
vegetables
and
soybeans
.
[2]
: 12?4
Yan'an has the second largest
cotton
production out of all the
prefecture-level cities
in
Shaanxi
, behind just
Weinan
.
[2]
: 12?13
The city also grows a large amount of
rapeseeds
,
[2]
: 12?13
peanuts
,
[2]
: 12?13
apples
,
[2]
: 12?18
jujubes
,
[2]
: 12?18
and
apricots
.
[2]
: 12?18
Yan'an is also the second largest honey producer in Shaanxi, behind
Hanzhong
.
[2]
: 12?24
Industry
[
edit
]
As of 2019, the city's industrial output is worth 96.510 billion RMB,
[2]
: 3?12
a 6.4% increase from the previous year at constant prices.
[2]
: 3?13
In 2018, the petroleum industry alone accounted for 54.419 billion RMB of output.
[18]
In addition to oil and natural gas, major industries in the city include coal mining, power generation, and cigarette production.
[18]
Petroleum Industry
[
edit
]
Yan'an is a major oil and gas center in China.
[13]
In 2018, 15,292,400 tons of crude oil were extracted from the city.
[18]
Of this, 8,565,800 tons were extracted by
Yanchang Petroleum
, and the remaining 6,726,600 tons were extracted as part of
CNPC
's
Changqing Oil Field
.
[18]
The Changqing Oil Field, part of the wider Ordos basin, one of China's main petroleum-producing regions, has been home to oil extraction since the early 1970s.
[19]
Retail
[
edit
]
The total retail sales of
consumer goods
in Yan'an totaled 41.113 billion RMB in 2019.
[2]
: 16-5
The majority of these retail sales took place in Baota District, which recorded 24.000 billion RMB of sales that year.
[2]
: 16-5
Culture
[
edit
]
The Erdao Street Night Market (
Chinese
:
二道街夜市
;
pinyin
:
Erdao Ji? Yeshi
) is a street market in
Baota District
which features many of the hallmarks of
Shaanbei
culture, including local cuisine, decor, and folk music.
[4]
Tourism
[
edit
]
The city is a major center for
Red Tourism
in China, with facilities such as the Yan’an Revolution Memorial Hall attracting Chinese citizens and
Communist Party
cadres seeking to learn more about the Party's history.
[13]
In 2021, the development project Golden Yan'an opened as part of the Holy Land Valley Cultural Tourism Industrial Park.
[9]
: 1
This tourist town is branded as the "new landmark of Red Tourism in China" and features old-fashioned Chinese streets and shops in the style of the 1930s
Yan'an Soviet
.
[9]
: 1?2
The major attraction of Golden Yan'an is "The Ode of Yan'an" nightlight show.
[9]
: 2
The free show depicts a series of historical moments from the
Communist Party's Yan'an period
presented with a light show on the mountains and an audio-visual projection on Baota Mountain.
[9]
: 2
Shortly before the
Centenary
of the Communist Party, Yan'an launched the "Red Stars Flying Me to Yan'an from Thirteen Cities" imitative, which sought to promote tourism to Yan'an for the study of revolutionary history, including with drastically reduced airfare.
[9]
: 1
Transportation
[
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]
Education
[
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]
Yan'an is home to 251 standard
primary schools
and 112 standard
secondary schools
, enrolling 218,100 and 129,900 students, respectively.
[20]
The city also has 556 kindergartens, enrolling 119,500 students. The city also has 5
special education
schools, serving 372 disabled students.
[20]
As of 2019, Yan'an has 13 public libraries.
[2]
: 18?19
Notable Educational Institutions
[
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]
Healthcare
[
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]
Yan'an is home to 2,631 healthcare institutions as of 2019, which contain 14,560 medical beds, and are staffed by 24,298 employees.
[2]
: 19-7
See also
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edit
]
Notes
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edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
?西省??局、?家??局?西???? (August 2016).
《?西??年?-2016》
. 中???出版社.
ISBN
978-7-5037-7918-3
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?西??年??2020
[Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook ? 2020] (in Chinese). Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2020-11-05.
Archived
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. Retrieved
2021-09-15
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延安市?史沿革
[Yan'an Organizational History]. XZQH.org. 2016-07-15.
Archived
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. Retrieved
2021-05-14
.
- ^
a
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央??打?的??延安二道街夜市文化:??城市?展??
.
The Paper
(in Chinese). 2019-09-14.
Archived
from the original on 2021-05-14
. Retrieved
2021-05-14
.
- ^
Schellinger, Paul; Salkin, Robert, eds. (1996).
International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania
. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 874.
ISBN
1-884964-04-4
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Keating, Pauline (July 1994).
"The Ecological Origins of the Yan'an Way"
.
The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs
.
32
: 123?153.
doi
:
10.2307/2949830
.
ISSN
0156-7365
.
- ^
Mao Tse Tung Ruler of Red China
by
Robert Payne
, page 175
- ^
Red Star Over China
, by
Edgar Snow
. Page 42
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Lin, Chunfeng (2023).
Red Tourism in China: Commodification of Propaganda
.
Routledge
.
ISBN
9781032139609
.
- ^
Hua, Gao; Mosher, Stacy; Jian, Guo (2018).
How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930?1945
. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
ISBN
978-962-996-822-9
.
JSTOR
j.ctvbtzp48
.
- ^
Hua, Gao (2019).
How the Red Sun Rose: The Origin and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930?1945
. Translated by Mosher, Stacey; Jian, Guo. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
ISBN
978-962-996-822-9
.
Archived
from the original on 2021-01-01
. Retrieved
2020-08-07
.
- ^
"Lady Lindsay of Birker"
.
The Telegraph
.
Telegraph Media Group
. 2010-06-09.
Archived
from the original on 2021-05-09
. Retrieved
2021-05-14
.
- ^
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b
c
d
e
Perlez, Jane (2017-01-01).
"
'Dixie Mission' Americans Scorned for Backing Mao Are Hailed in China"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
.
Archived
from the original on 2021-05-14
. Retrieved
2021-05-14
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
延安市??地?
[Yan'an Overview] (in Chinese). XZQH.org. 2016-07-15.
Archived
from the original on 2020-08-13
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
中??象?据? ? WeatherBk Data
(in Simplified Chinese).
China Meteorological Administration
. Retrieved
24 September
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.
- ^
中??象?据?
(in Simplified Chinese).
China Meteorological Administration
. Retrieved
24 September
2023
.
- ^
延安城市介?以及?候背景分析
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Weather China
(in Chinese). 中??象局公共?象服?中心
. Retrieved
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- ^
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延安市2018年?民??和社??展??公?
[zh:Yan'an 2018 Economic and Social Development Annual Report].
www.cnstats.org
(in Chinese).
Archived
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. Retrieved
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- ^
"Changqing Oil & Gas Province"
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cnpc.com.cn
.
China National Petroleum Corporation
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Archived
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- ^
a
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延安市2018年?民??和社??展??公?_中???信息?
.
www.cnstats.org
. Retrieved
2020-04-19
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Yan'an
.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Yan'an
.
Links to related articles
|
---|
Largest cities in Shaanxi
Source:
China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018
Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population
|
---|
|
Rank
|
|
Municipal pop.
|
Rank
|
|
Municipal pop.
|
|
Xi'an
Xianyang
|
1
|
Xi'an
|
5,866,100
|
11
|
Xingping
|
225,800
|
Baoji
Yulin
|
2
|
Xianyang
|
1,023,100
|
12
|
Shenmu
|
211,800
|
3
|
Baoji
|
893,200
|
13
|
Hancheng
|
173,200
|
4
|
Yulin
|
631,100
|
14
|
Yangling
|
154,900
|
5
|
Hanzhong
|
569,500
|
15
|
Huayin
|
115,500
|
6
|
Weinan
|
551,600
|
16
|
Binzhou
|
114,100
|
7
|
Yan'an
|
416,700
|
8
|
Tongchuan
|
413,300
|
9
|
Ankang
|
350,700
|
10
|
Shangluo
|
262,500
|
|
|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Geographic
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|