Theme park at Walt Disney World
"EPCOT" redirects here. For the original concept upon which the theme park was planned from, see
EPCOT (concept)
.
Epcot
, stylized in
all uppercase
as
EPCOT
, is a
theme park
at the
Walt Disney World
resort in
Bay Lake, Florida
. It is owned and operated by
The Walt Disney Company
through its
Disney Experiences
division. The park opened on October 1, 1982, as
EPCOT Center
, the second of four theme parks built at the resort. Often referred to as a "permanent
world's fair
", Epcot is dedicated to the celebration of
human achievement
, particularly technological
innovation
and international
culture
.
During early development of the Florida property,
Walt Disney
wanted to build an
experimental planned community
showcasing modern innovation, known as "EPCOT", an acronym for
Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow
. After Disney's death in 1966, the company felt his grand vision was impractical. However, it laid the groundwork for EPCOT Center, a theme park that retained the core spirit of Disney's vision. The park was divided into two distinct areas, Future World reprises the idea of showcasing modern innovation through
educational entertainment
attractions inside
avant-garde
pavilions, while World Showcase highlights the cultures of various nations. From the late 2010s to the early 2020s, the park underwent a major overhaul, adding new attractions and Future World was restructured into three areas: World Celebration, World Discovery and World Nature.
The park spans 305 acres (123 hectares), more than twice the size of
Magic Kingdom
. Attracting over 12 million guests in 2019,
[3]
Epcot remains a popular destination, with
Spaceship Earth
, a
geodesic sphere
, serving as its iconic landmark.
History
[
edit
]
1960s: Experimental concept
[
edit
]
The remaining portion of the Progress City model, the original concept for the city of EPCOT, seen on display from the
PeopleMover
at Magic Kingdom in 2024
The genesis for Epcot was originally conceived as a
utopian
city of the future by
Walt Disney
in the 1960s. The concept was an acronym for
Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow
, often interchanging "city" and "community."
[4]
In Walt Disney's words in 1966: "EPCOT will take its cue from the new ideas and new technologies that are now emerging from the creative centers of American industry. It will be a community of tomorrow that will never be completed but will always be introducing and testing, and demonstrating new materials and new systems. And EPCOT will always be a showcase to the world of the ingenuity and imagination of American free enterprise."
Walt Disney's original vision, sometimes called Progress City, would have been home to twenty thousand residents and would be a living laboratory showcasing cutting-edge technology and
urban planning
. It was to have been built in the shape of a circle with an urban city center in the center with community buildings, schools, and recreational complexes. It would be surrounded by rings of residential areas and industrial areas, all connected by
monorail
and
PeopleMover
lines. Automobile traffic would be kept underground, leaving pedestrians safe above ground. This radial plan concept is strongly influenced by British planner
Ebenezer Howard
and his
Garden Cities of To-morrow
.
Disney went as far as petitioning the
Florida State Legislature
for the creation of the
Reedy Creek Improvement District
(RCID), with the authority of a governmental body over the Walt Disney World land. The RCID was established in 1967. However, Walt Disney was not able to obtain funding and permission to start work on his Florida property until he agreed to first build the
Magic Kingdom
theme park. He died in 1966, nearly five years before Magic Kingdom opened.
[5]
1970s: Concept evolves into park
[
edit
]
After Walt Disney's death, the company decided that it did not want to be in the business of running a city without Walt's guidance.
The original plans for the park showed indecision over the park's purpose. Some
Imagineers
wanted it to represent the cutting edge of
emerging technologies
, while others wanted it to showcase international cultures and customs. At one point, a model of the futuristic park was pushed together against a model of a
World's Fair
international theme, and the two were combined. The park was originally named EPCOT Center to reflect the ideals and values of the city. It was constructed for an estimated $800 million to $1.4 billion and took three years to build, at the time the largest construction project on Earth.
[6]
The park spans 305 acres (123 hectares), more than twice the size of
Magic Kingdom
.
[7]
[8]
The parking lot serving the park is 141 acres (57 ha) (including bus area) and can accommodate 11,211 vehicles.
The park opened on October 1, 1982, in a ceremony with Disney chairman and CEO
Card Walker
and Florida Governor
Bob Graham
.
1980s: Opening and operation
[
edit
]
As part of the opening-day ceremony, dancers and band members performed "We've Just Begun to Dream".
[9]
The
Sherman Brothers
wrote a song especially for the occasion entitled "
The World Showcase March
".
[10]
During the finale, doves and many sets of balloons were released. Performing groups representing countries from all over the world performed in World Showcase. Water was gathered from major rivers across the globe and emptied into the park's Fountain of Nations with ceremonial containers to mark the opening. The theme park opened on October 1, 1982.
[11]
On opening day, Future World featured six pavilions:
Spaceship Earth
,
CommuniCore
,
Journey Into Imagination
,
The Land
,
Universe of Energy
, and
World of Motion
. During the 1980s, several additional pavilions opened:
Horizons
in 1983,
The Living Seas
in 1986, and
Wonders of Life
in 1989.
1990s?2000s: Change in vision
[
edit
]
Spaceship Earth in the evening hours.
Despite its initial success, Epcot was constantly faced with the challenges of evolving with worldwide progress, an issue that caused the park to lose relevance and become outdated in the 1990s.
[12]
To maintain attendance levels, Disney introduced seasonal events such as the
International Flower & Garden Festival
and the
International Food & Wine Festival
in 1994 and 1995, respectively.
[13]
[14]
In the mid-1990s, Disney also began to gradually phase out the park's
edutainment
attractions in favor of more modern and thrilling attractions.
[15]
As a result, many of the attractions within the Future World pavilions, were either overhauled or replaced entirely.
The Land
pavilion saw its attractions replaced under new sponsor
Nestle
between late 1993 and January 1995, and Spaceship Earth was updated with music by Edo Guidotti and narration from
Jeremy Irons
in 1994.
Universe of Energy
was reconfigured as
Ellen's Energy Adventure
in 1996.
Journey Into Imagination
closed in 1998 and was replaced with
Journey into YOUR Imagination
the following year,
World of Motion
was replaced with
Test Track
, and
Horizons
was demolished in 1999 and replaced with
Mission: Space
in 2003.
[16]
[17]
In 2000, Walt Disney World held the
Millennium Celebration
with the central focus of the event at Epcot, and a 25-story "magic wand" structure was built next to Spaceship Earth.
Millennium Village
was closed on January 1, 2001, and was turned into the World Showplace festival center, which is frequently used for Epcot festivals.
Journey into YOUR Imagination
closed in 2001 due to strong negative reception and was replaced with
Journey into Imagination with Figment
in 2002. The Living Seas was closed in 2005, and rethemed with the introduction of characters from
Finding Nemo
, as
The Seas with Nemo & Friends
. That same year,
Soarin'
, a flight simulator ride originally developed for
Disney's California Adventure
, was added to
The Land
(replacing
Food Rocks
) following its massive popularity in California. The
Wonders of Life
pavilion closed in 2007, with the pavilion being occasionally used for the park's annual festivals until permanent closure. The Mexico pavilion's
El Rio del Tiempo
attraction closed on January 2, and
Gran Fiesta Tour Starring The Three Caballeros
opened in its space a few months later. After the "magic wand" structure was removed from Spaceship Earth, the attraction's fourth version, narrated by
Judi Dench
, soft-opened on December 8.
Kim Possible World Showcase Adventure
opened at EPCOT in 2009.
2010s?present: Transformation and redesign
[
edit
]
As part of Future World's overhaul from 2019 to 2024, several original structures were reutilized, such as the
CommuniCore
Pavilion being repurposed as Connections Cafe.
Test Track was refurbished into new version presented by
Chevrolet
in 2012, and Kim Possible World Showcase Adventure was to Agent P's World Showcase Adventure the same year. The Norway pavilion's Maelstrom attraction closed in 2014 to be replaced by
Frozen Ever After
, which opened on June 21, 2016. On January 4, 2016, it was announced that the original version of Soarin' was closed until it reopened on June 17, with the new film Soarin' Around the World. In November 2016, Disney revealed that Epcot would be receiving “a major transformation” that would help transition the park into being “more Disney, timeless, relevant, family-friendly”.
[18]
In 2017, Mission: SPACE was divided into a new green/Earth mission, and the original orange/Mars mission. In July 2017, Disney formally announced that Epcot would undergo a multi-year, redesign and expansion plan that would introduce
Guardians of the Galaxy
and
Ratatouille
attractions to Future World and World Showcase, respectively, as well as maintaining the original vision and spirit for the park.
[19]
As part of the announcement,
Ellen's Energy Adventure
closed the following month, and the pavilion's show building was reused for
Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind
,
[20]
while the EPCOT 35 Legacy Showcase exhibition opened in the Odyssey Pavilion. That same year, the park reported the first drop in overall attendance ranking among the four Walt Disney World Resort parks, dropping from second to third place, the first in its history.
[21]
On August 25, 2019, at the 2019
D23 Expo
, Disney expanded on the plans for the improvements to Epcot.
[22]
One of the most significant changes announced was the creation of four distinct "neighborhoods"; the subdivision of Future World into three areas (World Celebration, World Discovery, and World Nature) and World Showcase.
[22]
Journey of Water?Inspired by
Moana
,
a walkthrough attraction, was also announced.
[23]
At the same expo, Disney also announced that
Pinar Toprak
would be composing a new
musical anthem
for the park. Toprak's EPCOT anthem was eventually used in various nighttime shows, such as
Harmonious
and
Luminous
,
as well as
ambient music
in the entrance plaza and World Celebration.
Disney began to stylize the name as "EPCOT" as an homage to both the park's original name and Walt Disney's original concept, although the name is no longer an acronym.
[15]
On October 1, 2019, it was announced that a new nighttime fireworks show,
Epcot Forever
, and The EPCOT Experience Center, a preview space for the park's expansion project, would replace
IllumiNations: Reflections of Earth
and EPCOT 35 Legacy Showcase. In late 2019, EPCOT installed new directory signage in Seabase Alpha, restoring the former Living Seas logo, as the pavilion was renamed to The Seas Pavilion.
[24]
That
Agent P's World Showcase Adventure
closed on February 23, 2020; it was slated to be replaced with
DuckTales World Showcase Adventure
, which did not open until 2022. The park
was closed
from March 16 to July 15, 2020, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Florida
.
[25]
[26]
Modified operations were established, including a pause on concerts and fireworks, in order to promote sufficient
physical distancing
.
Spaceship Earth: Our Shared Story
, the attraction's fifth update, the
Wondrous China
film, the
PLAY!
pavilion in World Discovery, and the United Kingdom pavilion's Cherry Tree Lane expansion were indefinitely delayed until further notice as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, while it was announced that the CommuniCore Hall exhibit space and the CommuniCore Plaza festival stage would be built instead of a three-level festival pavilion.
On September 29, 2021, the nighttime fireworks show
Harmonious
replaced
Epcot Forever
as part of the resort's 50th anniversary celebration.
[27]
The show ended its run on March 31, 2023, in preparation for
Luminous: The Symphony of Us
which debuted later that year;
Epcot Forever
returned during the interim period.
Remy's Ratatouille Adventure
(duplicated from
Disneyland Paris
) opened in the France pavilion on October 1 as part of the same celebrations.
[28]
The EPCOT Experience Center closed in 2022, and
Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind
, part of the Wonders of Xandar Pavilion, would open on May 27.
[29]
Journey of Water
opened in World Nature opened on October 16, 2023, the day of the Walt Disney Company's 100th anniversary. World Celebration Gardens, divided into five sections (Inspiration Gardens, CommuniCore Gardens, Connections Gardens, Creations Gardens, and Dreamers Point), opened on December 5, 2023, to commemorate Walt Disney's 122nd birthday. CommuniCore Hall and Plaza opened to the general public on June 10, 2024. Test Track is scheduled to close for refurbishment on June 17 to make way for the attraction's third iteration.
[30]
Park layout and attractions
[
edit
]
The
Walt Disney World Monorail System
passes through Epcot's World Celebration, providing transport from
Magic Kingdom
and the
TTC
.
Epcot is divided into four main themed areas, known as "neighborhoods": World Celebration, World Discovery, World Nature and World Showcase.
The park consists of a variety of
avant-garde
pavilions
that explore innovative aspects and applications including technology and science, with each pavilion featuring self-contained attractions and distinct architecture in its design. Currently, the park features ten major pavilions: Galaxy, Imagination, Journey, Land, Motion, Odyssey, Seas, Space, Spaceship Earth, and World Showcase, which itself has eleven individual nation pavilions.
[31]
World Celebration, Discovery, and Nature were originally grouped as one area called Future World, which debuted with six pavilions: Spaceship Earth,
CommuniCore
, Imagination!, The Land,
Universe of Energy
, and
World of Motion
. The
Horizons
pavilion opened the following year, and
The Living Seas
and
Wonders of Life
pavilions were added in 1986 and 1989, respectively, bringing the lineup to nine. CommuniCore, World of Motion, Horizons, Wonders of Life, Universe of Energy, and
Innoventions
closed in 1994, 1996, 1999, 2007, 2017, and 2019, respectively. The
Fountain of Nations
, a large circular
musical fountain
which debuted with the park, was removed in 2019 as well. Each pavilion was initially sponsored by a corporation which helped fund its construction and maintenance in return for the corporation's logos and some marketing elements appearing throughout the pavilion.
Additionally, each pavilion of Future World featured a unique circular logo designed by Norm Inouye (except for the Wonders of Life logo due to its later introduction), which was featured on
park signage
and throughout the attractions themselves.
[32]
The pavilion logos were gradually phased out in the early 2000s, as the pavilions instead were identified by name and recognized by the main attraction(s) housed inside. Several homages remained scattered throughout the park, including merchandising. However, in 2019, the circular pavilion logos were revived as part of Epcot's transformation, with both classic logos reprised and refreshed and newer logos introduced.
[33]
World Celebration
[
edit
]
World Celebration
serves as the park's main entrance and a central hub that honors global human interaction and connection, including communication, imagination, creativity, and
the visual and culinary arts
.
[34]
The neighborhood features four major pavilions?Spaceship Earth, Imagination, Odyssey, and CommuniCore?as well as additional attractions, shops, and restaurants.
[31]
Guests enter through the main entrance and walk underneath
Spaceship Earth
, an eighteen-story-tall
geodesic sphere
structure and the anchor pavilion, which also houses an eponymous
dark ride
attraction that depicts the history of
communication
.
[35]
Directly behind Spaceship Earth are the World Celebration Gardens and Dreamers Point, featuring lush interactive gardens, lighting fixtures and
Walt the Dreamer
, a bronze statue commemorating
Walt Disney
. The
Imagination!
pavilion celebrates the concept of
imagination
and features
Journey into Imagination with Figment
, a dark ride starring
Figment
that explores
the senses
. CommuniCore Hall and Plaza is a multi-use pavilion used for exhibitions, gallery space, a mixology bar, a
demonstration kitchen
, and music performances, as well as meet-and-greets with Disney characters.
[36]
The Odyssey Pavilion is an exhibition space during the park's annual festivals.
World Celebration is also home to Creations Shop, the park's main
gift shop
; Connections Eatery & Cafe, a quick-service restaurant and
Starbucks
themed to
global food history
; and
Club Cool
, an
Coca-Cola
- themed attraction and shop featuring complimentary samples of Coca-Cola
soft drinks
from around the world.
World Discovery
[
edit
]
World Discovery
centers on space, science, technology and intergalactic exploration. Lying on the east side of World Celebration, the Discovery neighborhood currently features three major pavilions in clockwise layout: Galaxy, Space, and Motion.
[31]
The Galaxy Pavilion, also known as the Wonders of Xandar Pavilion, houses
Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind
, an enclosed spinning
roller coaster
based on the
superhero team of the same name
. The building originally opened as the
Universe of Energy
Pavilion.
The Space Pavilion houses
Mission: Space
is a
centrifugal
motion simulator
thrill ride that replicates a
space flight
experience to
Mars
and a
low orbit
tour over the surface of Earth. Next to it is
Space 220
, a
themed restaurant
simulating dining aboard a space station located 220 miles above Earth.
[22]
[37]
The building is located on the original plot site of the
Horizons
Pavilion.
The Motion Pavilion houses
Test Track
is a high-speed
slot car ride
inspired by the
automobile testing
procedures that
Chevrolet
uses to evaluate concept cars. The Motion Pavilion was one of the original pavilions of Epcot and has always housed an attraction sponsored by
General Motors
.
There is one standing but
unused pavilion
in the World Discovery neighborhood that once housed the
Wonders of Life
attraction.
World Nature
[
edit
]
World Nature
focuses on understanding and preserving the beauty, awe and balance of the natural world.
[22]
Located on the west side of World Celebration, the Nature neighborhood features three major pavilions in counterclockwise layout?Seas, Journey, and Land?inspired by
human interaction with the Earth
, specifically
ocean exploration
,
hydrology
, agriculture,
horticulture
,
ecology
, and travel.
[31]
Based on ocean exploration and inspired by the
Finding Nemo
series,
The Seas
pavilion features the
sixth-largest aquarium in the world
with marine life exhibits; an
Omnimover
attraction inspired by
Finding Nemo
;
and
Turtle Talk with Crush
, an interactive show hosted by
Crush
from
Finding Nemo
. Connected to the building is the
Coral Reef Restaurant
, a themed seafood restaurant that provides views into the aquarium. Nearby is the
Journey of Water
pavilion, an outdoor walkthrough water attraction depicting the Earth's
water cycle
, inspired by
Moana
.
[36]
Finally,
the Land
pavilion features three attractions;
Soarin' Around the World
, an attraction that simulates a
hang gliding
flight over various regions of the world;
Living with the Land
, a narrated boat tour through
Audio-Animatronics
scenes, a greenhouse and
hydroponics
lab; and
Awesome Planet
, a short documentary film presented in the pavilion's Harvest Theater about the Earth's biomes and the perils of
climate change
.
World Showcase
[
edit
]
World Showcase
is the park's largest neighborhood, dedicated to representing the culture, history, cuisine, architecture, and traditions of 11 nations from across four continents?
North America
,
Europe
,
Asia
, and
Africa
. Each nation pavilion features attractions, shops, restaurants, and landscaping that celebrate or portray authentic settings from each country?several pavilions contain recreations inspired by existing buildings and landmarks, such as the
Eiffel Tower
,
Itsukushima Shrine
,
Hampton Court Palace
,
Chateau Laurier
,
Gol Stave Church
,
St Mark's Campanile
, and the
Kutubiyya Mosque
.
The nation pavilions surround the World Showcase Lagoon, a man-made lake located in the center of World Showcase with a perimeter of 1.2 miles (1.9 km), which is the site of the park's nighttime fireworks display,
Luminous: The Symphony of Us
. In counter-clockwise order, the 11 pavilions are:
The American Adventure
is the host pavilion of World Showcase, sharing its name with its marquee attraction in Liberty Theatre: a titular stage show detailing
American history
and hosted by
Audio-Animatronics
versions of
Benjamin Franklin
and
Mark Twain
. The pavilion also includes the American Heritage Gallery, where the "Portraits of Courage: A Commander in Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors" exhibit will be hosted starting June 9, 2024. On the shores of the lagoon is the America Gardens Theatre, an outdoor
amphitheater
that hosts the park's festival concerts. The France Pavilion hosts
Impressions de France
in Palais du Cinema, an 18-minute
Cinerama
-style film depicting the culture of France, and along with
Beauty and the Beast: Sing-Along
. Tucked behind the lagoon-facing portion of the pavilion is
Remy's Ratatouille Adventure
, a 3D dark ride inspired by
Pixar
’s
Ratatouille
. The Canada and China Pavilions each host
Circle-Vision 360°
films
?
Canada Far and Wide
and
Reflections of China
?that depict the diverse cultures and countrysides of their respective countries. Two dark boat rides reside within the Norway and Mexico Pavilions?
Frozen Ever After
and
Gran Fiesta Tour Starring The Three Caballeros
, respectively?inspired by
Frozen
and
The Three Caballeros
.
A secondary park gate is located between the France and United Kingdom pavilions of World Showcase and is known as the International Gateway. The International Gateway is directly accessible to guests arriving from the
Disney Skyliner
and from
watercraft transport
, and by walkways from the nearby
Epcot Area Resorts
and
Disney's Hollywood Studios
.
[38]
Of the 11 pavilions, only
Morocco
and
Norway
were not present at the park's opening, as they were added in 1984 and 1988, respectively.
[39]
Each pavilion contains themed architecture, landscapes, streetscapes, attractions, shops and restaurants representing the respective country's culture and cuisine. In an effort to maintain the authenticity of the represented countries, the pavilions are primarily staffed by citizens of the respective countries as part of the
Cultural Representative Program
through
Q1 visa
agreements. Some pavilions also contain themed
rides, shows, and live entertainment
representative of the respective country. The Morocco pavilion was directly sponsored by the Moroccan government until 2020, when Disney took ownership of the pavilion.
[40]
The remaining pavilions are primarily sponsored by private companies with affiliations to the represented countries.
Originally, the showcase was to include partnerships with the governments of the different countries. According to Disney's 1975 Annual Report, the Showcase would:
...offer participating countries a permanent installation for such features as themed restaurants and shops, product exhibits, industrial displays, cultural presentations, a trade center, and even special facilities for business meetings.
Major sponsorships for each participating nation will be asked to provide the capital to cover the cost of designing, developing and constructing its attraction and/or ride and all exhibits, as well as the Pavilion itself. It will also have the responsibility for funding the housing for its employees in the International Village. Its land lease will cover the cost of maintaining the attraction for a minimum of ten years.
The Disney organization will be responsible for area development, including the construction of transportation systems and utilities. We will also build and operate the internal people moving system, the Courtyard of Nations and central theater facility.
[39]
Proposed pavilions and unused locations
[
edit
]
There are currently seven undeveloped spots for countries around the World Showcase in between the locations of the current countries. Two sites are located on either side of the United Kingdom, one between France and Morocco, one between Morocco and Japan, one between Italy and Germany, and two between Germany and China.
[39]
In 1982, Disney announced three pavilions were "coming soon":
Israel
,
Spain
and
Equatorial Africa
, blending elements of the cultures of countries such as
Kenya
and
Zaire
.
[41]
A model of the Equatorial Africa pavilions was also shown on the opening day telecast. However, the pavilions were never built. Instead, a small African themed refreshment shop known as the "Outpost" currently resides in the area between China and Germany, where the Equatorial Africa pavilion was to be located.
[39]
[42]
More than 50 nations, among them
Israel
,
Brazil
,
Chile
,
India
,
Indonesia
,
New Zealand
,
Saudi Arabia
,
Sweden
and five African countries (
Eritrea
,
Ethiopia
,
Kenya
,
Namibia
, and
South Africa
), took part in the
Millennium Village
, a project that took place in Epcot during
Millennium Celebration
from 1999 to 2001.
[43]
The Millennium Village was located inside a temporary structure built behind the United Kingdom pavilions that remains in use as
World ShowPlace
.
Alcohol policy
[
edit
]
Unlike Magic Kingdom, which up until 2012 did not serve alcohol,
[44]
[45]
most stores and restaurants at Epcot, especially in the World Showcase, serve and sell a variety of alcoholic beverages including specialty drinks, craft beers, wines, and spirits reflective of the respective countries. The park also hosts the
Epcot International Food & Wine Festival
, an annual event featuring food and drink samplings from all over the world, along with live entertainment and special exhibits.
Annual events
[
edit
]
Epcot during the annual Flower and Garden Festival
Epcot hosts a number of special events during the year:
- The
Epcot International Flower & Garden Festival
, inaugurated in 1994, uses specially-themed floral displays throughout the park, including
topiary
sculptures of Disney characters. Each event takes more than a full year to plan and more than 20,000 cast member hours.
[46]
- The
Epcot International Food & Wine Festival
, inaugurated in 1995, draws amateur and professional gourmets to sample delicacies from all around the world, including nations that do not have a permanent presence in World Showcase. Celebrity chefs are often on-hand to host the events. In 2008, the festival featured the
Bocuse d'Or USA
, the American semifinal of the biennial
Bocuse d'Or
cooking competition.
[47]
- The Epcot International Festival of the Arts, inaugurated in 2017, is a festival showcasing visual, culinary, and performing arts. The first annual event took place on weekends from January 13 through February 20, 2017.
[48]
[49]
- The Epcot International Festival of the Holidays (previously known as
Epcot Holidays Around the World
(1996?2016), inaugurated in 2017, is Epcot's annual holiday celebration. The World Showcase pavilions feature storytellers describing their nation's holiday traditions, and three nightly performances of the "Candlelight Processional" featuring an auditioned mass choir and a celebrity guest narrating the story of Christmas. Kiosks throughout the World Showcase feature holiday dishes.
Attendance
[
edit
]
The Walt Disney Company generally does not publish attendance figures for its theme parks,
[50]
so industry groups such as the
Themed Entertainment Association
estimate these figures.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Slater, Laurel (March 26, 2021).
"Meet the Women Behind the Magic Leading and Protecting Walt Disney World Theme Parks"
.
Disney Parks Blog
. Retrieved
April 12,
2024
.
- ^
Antoldi, Maryanna (October 14, 2021).
"Creating a Positive and Inclusive Environment for All"
.
Disney Parks Blog
. Retrieved
April 12,
2024
.
- ^
a
b
Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (July 16, 2020).
"TEA/AECOM 2019 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report"
(PDF)
.
teaconnect.org
. Themed Entertainment Association. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on July 17, 2020
. Retrieved
July 19,
2020
.
- ^
Patches, Matt (May 20, 2015).
"Inside Walt Disney's Ambitious, Failed Plan to Build the City of Tomorrow"
.
esquire.com
. Retrieved
May 12,
2020
.
- ^
"35 incredible facts about Disney's EPCOT theme park"
.
ABC13 Houston
. October 1, 2017
. Retrieved
March 14,
2022
.
- ^
Kurtti, Jeff (1996).
Since the World Began: Walt Disney World, The First 25 Years
. New York, New York:
Hyperion
. p. 89.
ISBN
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Further reading
[
edit
]
- Alcorn, Steve
and David Green.
Building a Better Mouse: The Story of the Electronic Imagineers Who Designed Epcot
. Themeperks Press, 2007,
ISBN
0-9729777-3-2
.
- Mannheim, Steve (2002).
Walt Disney and the Quest for Community
. Routledge.
ISBN
0754619745
.
External links
[
edit
]
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