Viscount of Dieppe
William FitzEmpress
(22 July 1136 ? 30 January 1164) or
William Longespee
[2]
was the youngest of the three sons of
Empress Matilda
and
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
. His brothers were
Henry II of England
and
Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
.
Early life
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William Fitzempress, also known as William of Anjou, was born in 1136, the third and youngest son of Count
Geoffrey V of Anjou
and his wife,
Empress Matilda
, the daughter of the late English King
Henry I of England
. He was born in the time known as
The Anarchy
, an 18-year civil war that disputed the succession of the English crown between his mother Matilda, the late king's daughter, and her cousin
Stephen of Blois
. William would have seen little of either of his parents, for, while his father fought in Normandy, his mother campaigned in England. William's eldest brother, Prince
Henry Curtmantle
, would also join the campaign at age 14 in 1147 (when William was still 11). Henry would later be made Duke of Normandy in 1150 by their father, after the latter had subdued the duchy.
In 1151, Count Geoffrey died suddenly at age 38, leaving his wife and three teenage sons, with Henry becoming the new head of the Angevin Dynasty. According to the deceased Count's will, Anjou would go to Henry until he became King of England, upon which the second brother,
Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
, would receive Anjou. The war would continue until 1153, when the aging Stephen, now around 61 years old, came to an agreement with William's eldest brother Henry that respected Stephen's right to reign for the rest of his life but on the condition that the young Henry be his successor. Stephen would die a year later, in 1154, and William's brother would become King Henry II of England.
Career
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In 1156, aged 20, William was with his brother Henry at the siege of Chinon.
This siege was occasioned by the rebellion of their brother
Geoffrey
.
[4]
He also conducted the siege at the castle of Mountreuil-Bellay. While doing so he had the writings of the Roman military theorist
Vegetius
read to him; he then did what Vegetius had done, and the siege ended the next day.
[5]
In September 1155, King Henry held a council at
Winchester
where he enthusiastically considered invading
Ireland
and giving it to William, making him king. The plans were abandoned when their mother, Empress Matilda, objected: she did not consider Ireland worth conquering.
[7]
Henry did, however, and he made William one of the richest men in England, granting him seven manors (Maldon in Essex; Dartford, Hoo, and Shorne in Kent; Aylsham and Cawston in Norfolk; and Hintlesham in Suffolk).
He also had land surrounding
Dieppe
, Normandy, of which he was made
vicomte
.
Obstruction
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In 1162, William was to marry
Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey
, one of the great heiresses in England. Their prohibited
degree of affinity
was counted from her as widow through her deceased husband
William of Blois
, a double second cousin of William's. The men's maternal grandmothers were siblings and FitzEmpress's maternal grandfather was the sibling of Blois's paternal grandmother. Because of this relationship, the marriage required a
dispensation from affinity
; such dispensations were usually granted without difficulty. However
Thomas Becket
,
Archbishop of Canterbury
, refused to support the request for a dispensation and it was not granted because of that.
In 1164, Isabel married William's half brother
Hamelin of Anjou
.
Death
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William died suddenly shortly thereafter, it was said of a broken heart, and was buried in the
Cathedral of Notre-Dame
in
Rouen
.
[9]
His brother Henry blamed Becket for William's death, and this might well have been the beginning of the great conflict between them. When Becket was murdered 29 December 1170, one of the assailants was
Richard le Breton
who had been a knight in William's employ. When Breton delivered his fatal blow he shouted, "Take that, for the love of my lord William, the king's brother!"
Possible marriage
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According to some French genealogies, William FitzEmpress was also called William
Touremine
and married to
Constance of Penthievre
, a sister of the
Duke of Brittany
Conan IV
. They claim him as founder of the
House of Tournemine
as father of Oliver I and Geoffrey of Tournemine. However, there is no evidence for this marriage, and no evidence of William Tournemine's identity either.
[a]
[10]
Ancestry
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Ancestors of William FitzEmpress
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Notes
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- ^
Several theories about the identity of the founder of the House of Tournemine exist but most of them are contradicted by historical facts. Anatole de Barthelemy mentions some of them: (1) the first Tournemine was an Edward Tournemine, nephew of the
King of England
, who fought with
Peter Mauclerc
against the
King of France
and married Peter’s younger sister Constance; (2) Edward Tournemine, an English captain, was sent to Brittany by Henry II of England to help Conan IV fighting his step-father Odo and the grateful Duke gave him estates in Brittany as well as his sister Constance’s hand in marriage; (3) the first lord of Tournemine married the younger sister of
Guy of Thouars
,
Constance of Brittany
's third husband; (4)
William FitzEmpress
, Henry II’s younger brother, married Conan IV’s sister Constance
References
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]
- ^
Amt, Emile (2004). "William FitzEmpress (1136?1164)".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/46709
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
Holroyd, Graham (2000).
"The Earliest Known Depiction of the Royal Arms of England?"
.
Coat of Arms
.
192
.
- ^
Warren, W L (28 November 1977).
Henry II
. Univ. of California Press. p. 65.
ISBN
978-0520034945
.
- ^
Duby, Georges (8 December 1993). Juliet Vale, trans. (ed.).
France in the Middle Ages, 987?1460: From Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc
. Wiley-Blackwell. p.
178
.
ISBN
978-0631189459
.
- ^
Weir, Alison (2001).
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life
. Ballantine Books. p. 145.
ISBN
9780345434876
. Retrieved
21 August
2014
.
- ^
Stevenson, Joseph, ed. (1991).
The Chronicles of Robert de Monte
. Llanerch Publishers. p. 99.
ISBN
9780947992781
. Retrieved
21 August
2014
.
- ^
Anatole de Barthelemy,
Genealogies historiques. IV. Maison de Tournemine
, in
Revue nobiliaire, heraldique et biographique
, published by M. Bonneterre de St-Denis, 1872, Paris, pp 1-10.
External links
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- Illegitimate:
Joan, Lady of Wales
- Richard FitzRoy
- Oliver FitzRoy
- Geoffrey FitzRoy
- John FitzRoy
- Henry FitzRoy
- Osbert Gifford
- Eudes FitzRoy
- Bartholomew FitzRoy
- Maud FitzRoy
- Isabel FitzRoy
- Philip FitzRoy
- William de Forz
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- Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
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