American poet
William Ellery Channing II
(November 29, 1817 ? December 23, 1901) was an American
Transcendentalist
poet, nephew and namesake of the Unitarian preacher Dr.
William Ellery Channing
.
[1]
His uncle was usually known as "Dr. Channing", while the nephew was commonly called "Ellery Channing", in print. The younger Ellery Channing was thought brilliant but undisciplined by many of his contemporaries.
Amos Bronson Alcott
famously said of him in 1871, "Whim, thy name is Channing." Nevertheless, the Transcendentalists thought his poetry among the best of their group's literary products.
Life and work
[
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]
Channing was born in
Boston, Massachusetts
, to Dr.
Walter Channing
, a physician and
Harvard Medical School
professor. He attended
Boston Latin School
and later the
Round Hill School
in
Northampton, Massachusetts
, then entered
Harvard University
in 1834, but did not graduate. In 1839 he lived for some months in
Woodstock, Illinois
, in a log hut that he built; in 1840, he moved to
Cincinnati
. In the fall of 1842, he married Ellen Fuller, the younger sister of transcendentalist
Margaret Fuller
[2]
and they began their married life in
Concord, Massachusetts
, where they lived a half-mile north of
The Old Manse
as
Nathaniel Hawthorne
's neighbor.
[
citation needed
]
Channing wrote to
Thoreau
in a letter: "I see nothing for you on this earth but that field which I once christened 'Briars'; go out upon that, build yourself a hut, and there begin the grand process of devouring yourself alive. I see no alternative, no other hope for you."
[3]
Thoreau adopted this advice, and shortly after built his famous dwelling beside
Walden Pond
. Some speculation identifies Channing as the "Poet" of Thoreau's
Walden
; the two were frequent walking companions.
[
citation needed
]
In 1843, he moved to a hill-top in Concord, some distance from the village, and published his first volume of poems, reprinting several from
The Dial
. Thoreau called his literary style "
sublimo-slipshod
". The printing of a compilation of these poems was subsidized by
Samuel Gray Ward
.
[4]
In 1844?1845, Channing separated from his family and restarted his wandering, unanchored life. He first spent some months in
New York City
as a writer for the
Tribune
, after which he made a journey to Europe for several months. In 1846 he returned to Concord and lived alone on the main street, opposite the house occupied by the Thoreau family and then by Alcott. During much of this time he had no fixed occupation, though for a while, in 1855?1856, he was one of the editors of the
New Bedford Mercury
. After enumerating his various wanderings, places of residence, and rare intervals of employment, his housemate
Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
wrote of him:
In all these wanderings and residences his artist eye was constantly seeking out the finest landscapes, and his sauntering habit was to take his friends and introduce them to scenery they could hardly have found for themselves. He showed Thoreau the loveliest recesses of the Concord woods, and of the two rivers that came slowly through them; he preceded Thoreau at
Yarmouth
and
Truro
and the Highland shore of
Cape Cod
; and he even taught Emerson the intimate charm of regions in Concord and
Sudbury
which he, the older resident and unwearied walker, had never beheld. ... In mountain-climbing and in summer visits to the wilder parts of
New England
he preceded Thoreau, being more at leisure in his youth, and less bound by those strict habits of study which were native to Thoreau all his life.
In 1873, Channing was the first biographer of Thoreau, publishing
Thoreau, the Poet-Naturalist
.
[5]
When visiting the Emersons in 1876, the young poet
Emma Lazarus
met Channing and accompanied him on a tour of some of the places Thoreau had loved, stating in her journal in regard to the friendship between Thoreau and Channing that
I do not know whether I was most touched by the thought of the unique, lofty character that had instilled this depth and fervor of friendship, or by the pathetic constancy and pure affection of the poor, desolate old man before me, who tried to conceal his tenderness and sense of irremediable loss by a show of gruffness and philosophy. He never speaks of Thoreau's death, but always "Thoreau's loss", or "when I lost Mr. Thoreau", or "when Mr. Thoreau went away from Concord"; nor would he confess that he missed him, for there was not a day, an hour, a moment, when he did not feel that his friend was still with him and had never left him. And yet a day or two after, when I sat with him in the sunlit wood, looking at the gorgeous blue and silver summer sky, he turned to me and said: "Just half the world died for me when I lost Mr. Thoreau. None of it looks the same as when I looked at it with him."
[6]
Channing gave Henry Thoreau's compass to Emma Lazarus.
[6]
Death
[
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]
Channing died December 23, 1901, in Concord, at the home of
Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
, where he had spent the final ten years of his life. He is buried at
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord
on Authors' Ridge directly facing his longtime friend Thoreau. Frank Sanborn paid for Channing's burial plot.
[7]
... as age came on and his chosen companions died, he withheld his steps from mount and stream and sea; would not sail his own Concord river, nor thread the woodpaths he once knew as well as the citizen knows his daily street; and died tranquilly at last, within sight of the hills and meadows he had loved to ramble across with Emerson, Hawthorne, or Thoreau, beside whose buried dust his own ashes will rest in the village cemetery.
[8]
In a July 19, 1902,
Springfield Republican
article, Frank Sanborn states,
This week the Channing lot in Sleepy Hollow cemetery received the ashes of the poet Ellery Channing, whose remains were
cremated
, at his request, last January, but not committed to earth till July 15. The only service was the reading above the grave of a Greek epitaph ... The stanza written by Channing for such an occasion half a century ago was also read, with a slight change, adapting it to the stately pine trees that surround his burial place, exactly opposite the grave of his friend
Hawthorne
:
O spare from all the luxury
A tear for one who may not weep!
Whose heart is like a wintry sea,
So still and cold and deep;
Nor shed that tear till he is laid
Beneath the fresh-dug turf to rest,
And o'er his grave the pine-tree's shade
That hides the song-bird's nest.
[9]
In a later
Republican
column, Sanborn informs:
I have lately come upon the
Greek Iambics
which I buried with the ashes of Channing in Sleepy Hollow cemetery; and I copy them here in English type, that they may not be wholly lost:
Entautha thapto son smikro teuchei spodon,
Aoide philtathie, on mele thallousa ze;
Kouphe soi chthon epaneuthe pesoi!
A word about the Greek: The first two lines mean: "
Here I bury your ashes in a small container / dearest singer, whose songs live blossoming
(i.e. blossom and live)". The third line is prose: "
May the earth fall light upon you
." The verses are faintly reminiscent of the well-known epigram of
Callimachus
to
Heraclitus
.
[10]
Criticism
[
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]
Critic
Edgar Allan Poe
was particularly harsh in reviewing Channing's poetry in a series of articles titled "Our Amateur Poets" published in
Graham's Magazine
in 1843. He wrote, "It may be said in his favor that nobody ever heard of him. Like an honest woman, he has always succeeded in keeping himself from being made the subject of gossip".
[11]
[a]
A critic for the
Daily Forum
in Philadelphia agreed with Poe, though he was surprised Poe bothered reviewing Channing at all. He wrote:
Mr. Poe, the most hyper-critical writer of this meridian, cuts the poetry of William Ellery Channing
Junior
, if not into inches, at least into feet. Mr. C's poetry is very trashy, and we should as soon expect to hear
Bryant
writing sonnets on a lollypop as to see Mr. Poe gravely attempt to criticize the volume.
[12]
Nathaniel Hawthorne
metaphorically appraised Channing's oeuvre as of particularly high quality, if uneven, in the short story "Earth's Holocaust".
[13]
See also
[
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]
Notes
[
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]
- ^
In this article, Poe mistakes W. Ellery Channing to be the son of, rather than nephew of William E. Channing and voices his views as "we" (the Society in Baltimore) rather than "I".
Poe, Edgar Allan.
"William Ellery Channing"
.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
McGill, Frederick T. (1999). "Channing, William Ellery, II".
American National Biography
(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600279
.
(subscription required)
- ^
Channing, W. Ellery (1902).
Poems of Sixty-Five Years
. introduction by Sanborn, F.B., 1902-02-01, p. xxii. J. H. Bentley – via Internet Archive.
ellery channing poetry.
- ^
Channing, W. Ellery.
William Ellery Channing Letters, 1836-1845
.
- ^
Smith, Harmon (1999).
My Friend, My Friend: The story of Thoreau's relationship with Emerson
. University of Massachusetts Press. p.
85
.
ISBN
1-55849-186-4
.
- ^
Channing, William Ellery (1873).
Thoreau, the Poet-Naturalist
.
- ^
a
b
McGill, Frederick T. Jr. (1967).
Channing of Concord: A Life of William Ellery Channing II
. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p.
169
.
- ^
Sanborn, Frank B. (1981). Cameron, Kenneth Walter (ed.).
Ungathered Poems and Transcendental Papers
. Hartford, CT: Transcendental Books. p. 215.
- ^
Sanborn, Frank B. (March 1902). "Ellery Channing in New Hampshire".
The Granite Monthly
. Vol. XXXII, no. 3.
- ^
Sanborn, Frank B. (19 July 1902). "[newspaper column by F.B. Sanborn]".
The Springfield Republican
. p. 11, cols. 1?3.
- ^
Sanborn, Frank B. (20 August 1913). "[newspaper column by F.B. Sanborn]".
The Springfield Republican
. p. 15, cols. 1?2.
- ^
Sova, Dawn B. (2001).
Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z
. New York, NY: Checkmark Books. p.
178
.
ISBN
0-8160-4161-X
.
- ^
Thomas, Dwight; Jackson, David K. (1987).
The Poe Log: A documentary life of Edgar Allan Poe 1809?1849
. New York, NY: G.K. Hall & Co. p. 432.
ISBN
0-7838-1401-1
.
- ^
Cowley, Malcolm, ed. (1985).
The Portable Hawthorne
(Revised and expanded ed.). New York: Viking Press. p. 634.
ISBN
0517478579
.
External links
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