Military rank
Warrant officer
(
WO
) is a
rank
or category of ranks in the
armed forces
of many countries. Depending on the country, service, or historical context, warrant officers are sometimes classified as the most junior of the
commissioned officer
ranks, the most senior of the
non-commissioned officer
(NCO) ranks, or in a separate category of their own. Warrant officer ranks are especially prominent in the militaries of
Commonwealth
nations and the
United States
.
The name of the rank originated in
medieval England
. It was first used during the 13th century, in the
Royal Navy
, where warrant officers achieved the designation by virtue of their accrued experience or seniority, and technically held the rank by a
warrant
, rather than by a formal
commission
(as in the case of a commissioned officer). Nevertheless, WOs in the British services have traditionally been considered and treated as distinct from non-commissioned officers.
Warrant officers in the United States
are classified in rank category "W", which is distinct from "O" (commissioned officers) and "E" (
enlisted personnel
). However,
chief warrant officers
are officially commissioned, on the same basis as commissioned officers, and take the same oath. US WOs are usually experts in a particular technical field, with long service as enlisted personnel; in some cases, however, direct entrants may become WOs?for example, individuals completing helicopter pilot training in the
US Army Aviation Branch
become flight warrant officers immediately.
In Commonwealth countries, warrant officers have usually been included alongside NCOs and
enlisted personnel
in a category called other ranks (ORs), which is equivalent to the US "E" category (i.e. there is no separate "W" category in these particular services). In Commonwealth services, warrant officers rank between
chief petty officer
and
sub-lieutenant
in the navy, between
staff sergeant
and
second lieutenant
in the army, and between
flight sergeant
and
pilot officer
in the air force.
Origins
[
edit
]
The warrant officer corps began in the nascent
Royal Navy
,
[1]
which dates its founding to 1546. At that time, noblemen with military experience took command of the new navy, adopting the military ranks of
lieutenant
and
captain
. These officers often had no knowledge of life on board a ship?let alone how to navigate such a vessel?and relied on the expertise of the ship's
master
and other seamen who tended to the technical aspects of running the ship. As cannon came into use, the officers also required gunnery experts; specialist gunners began to appear in the 16th century and also had warrant officer status.
[2]
Literacy was one thing that most warrant officers had in common, and this distinguished them from the common seamen: according to the
Admiralty
regulations, "no person shall be appointed to any station in which he is to have charge of stores, unless he can read and write, and is sufficiently skilled in arithmetic to keep an account of them correctly". Since all warrant officers had responsibility for stores, this was enough to debar the illiterate.
[3]
Rank and status in the 18th century
[
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]
In origin, warrant officers were specialist professionals whose expertise and authority demanded formal recognition.
[3]
In the 18th century they fell into two clear categories: on the one hand, those privileged to share with the commissioned officers in the
wardroom
and on the
quarterdeck
; and on the other, those who ranked with more junior members of the ship's crew.
[4]
Somewhere between the two, however, were the
standing officers
, notable because, unlike the rest of the ship's company, they remained with the ship even when it was out of commission (e.g. for repair, refitting or replenishment, or whilst laid up); in these circumstances they were under the pay and supervision of the
Royal Dockyard
.
Wardroom warrant officers
[
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]
These classes of warrant officer messed in the
wardroom
with the commissioned officers:
- the
master
: the senior warrant officer, a qualified navigator and experienced seaman who set the sails, maintained the
ship's log
and advised the captain on the seaworthiness of the ship and crew;
- the
surgeon
: who treated the sick and injured and advised the captain on matters of health;
- the
purser
: responsible for supplies,
food
and pay for the crew.
In the early 19th century, they were joined in the wardroom by naval
chaplains
, who also had warrant officer status (though they were only usually present on larger vessels).
Standing warrant officers
[
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]
The standing officers were:
[4]
- the
boatswain
: responsible for maintenance of the ship's boats, sails, rigging, anchors and cables;
- the
carpenter
: responsible for maintenance of the ship's hull and masts;
- the
gunner
: responsible for care and maintenance of the ship's guns and
gunpowder
.
Junior warrant officers
[
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]
Other warrant officers included surgeon's mates, boatswain's mates and carpenter's mates, sailmakers, armourers, schoolmasters (involved in the education of boys, midshipmen and others aboard ship) and clerks.
Masters-at-arms
, who had formerly overseen small-arms provision on board, had by this time taken on responsibility for discipline.
Warrant officers in context
[
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]
By the end of the century, the rank structure could be illustrated as follows (the warrant officers are underlined):
Demise of the royal naval warrants
[
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]
In 1843, the
wardroom
warrant officers were given commissioned status, while in 1853 the lower-grade warrant officers were absorbed into the new rate of
chief petty officer
, both classes thereby ceasing to be warrant officers. On 9 July 1864 the standing warrant officers were divided into two grades: warrant officers and chief warrant officers (or "commissioned warrant officers", a phrase that was replaced in 1920 with "commissioned officers promoted from warrant rank", although they were still usually referred to as "commissioned warrant officers", even in official documents).
By the time of the
First World War
, their ranks had been expanded with the adoption of modern technology in the Royal Navy to include
telegraphists
,
electricians
,
shipwrights
,
artificer
engineers
, etc. Both warrant officers and commissioned warrant officers messed in the warrant officers' mess rather than the wardroom (although in ships too small to have a warrant officers' mess, they did mess in the wardroom). Warrant officers and commissioned warrant officers also carried swords, were saluted by
ratings
, and ranked between
sub-lieutenants
and
midshipmen
.
[2]
In 1949, the ranks of warrant officer and commissioned warrant officer were changed to "commissioned officer" and "senior commissioned officer", the latter ranking with but after the rank of lieutenant, and they were admitted to the wardroom, the warrant officers' messes closing down. Collectively, these officers were known as "branch officers", being retitled "special duties" officers in 1956. In 1998, the special duties list was merged with the general list of officers in the Royal Navy, all officers now having the same opportunity to reach the highest commissioned ranks.
[2]
Modern usage
[
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]
Australia
[
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]
The
Royal Australian Navy
rank of warrant officer (WO) is the Navy's only rank appointed by warrant and is equivalent to the Army's WO1, and the RAAF's warrant officer. The most senior non-commissioned member of the Navy is the
Warrant Officer of the Navy
(WO-N), an appointment that is only held by one person at a time.
[6]
The
Australian Army
has two warrant officer ranks: warrant officer class two (WO2) and warrant officer class one (WO1), the latter being senior in rank. The equivalent rank of WO2 in the Navy is now
chief petty officer
, and the RAAF equivalent of the Army's WO2 is now
flight sergeant
, although in the past there were no equivalents. All warrant officers are addressed as "sir" or "ma'am" by subordinates. To gain the attention of a particular warrant officer in a group, they can be addressed as "Warrant Officer Bloggs, sir/ma'am" or by their appointment, e.g. "ASM Bloggs, sir/ma'am". Some warrant officers hold an appointment such as company sergeant major (WO2) or regimental sergeant major (WO1). The warrant officer appointed to the position of
Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army
(RSM-A) is the most senior enlisted soldier in the Australian Army and differs from other Army warrant officers in that their rank is just warrant officer (WO). The appointment of RSM-A was introduced in 1983. The rank insignia are: a crown for a WO2 (or a crown in a square on AMCU (camouflage uniform) rank slides); the Australian Commonwealth Coat of Arms (changed from the Royal Coat of Arms in 1976) for a WO1; and the Australian Commonwealth Coat of Arms surrounded by a laurel wreath for the RSM-A.
[7]
[6]
The
Royal Australian Air Force
rank of warrant officer (WOFF) is the RAAF's only rank appointed by warrant and is equivalent to both the Army's WO1 and the Navy's WO. The most senior non-commissioned member of the RAAF is the
Warrant Officer of the Air Force
(WOFF-AF), an appointment that is only held by one person at a time.
[6]
|
Navy
|
Army
|
Air Force
|
Insignia
|
|
|
|
Title
|
Warrant officer
|
Warrant officer class 1
|
Warrant officer
|
Abbreviation
|
WO
|
WO1
|
WOFF
|
Bangladesh
[
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]
Warrant officer is the lowest
junior commissioned officer
rank in the
Bangladesh Army
[8]
and
Bangladesh Air Force
,
[9]
ranking below
senior warrant officer
and
master warrant officer
.
Canada
[
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]
In the
Canadian Army
and
Royal Canadian Air Force
, the cadre of warrant officers includes the specific ranks of warrant officer (
adjudant
in French),
master warrant officer
(
adjudant-maitre
), and
chief warrant officer
(
adjudant-chef
). Before unification in 1968, there were two ranks of warrant officer (WO2 and WO1) in the Canadian Army and RCAF that followed the British structure.
- Rank insignia
-
Insignia of a chief warrant officer
-
Insignia of a master warrant officer
-
Insignia of a warrant officer
India
[
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]
Junior commissioned officers
are the Indian Armed Forces equivalent of warrant officer ranks. Those in the
Indian Air Force
actually use the ranks of junior warrant officer, warrant officer and master warrant officer.
In the
British Indian Army
, warrant officer ranks existed but were restricted to British personnel, mostly in specialist appointments such as
conductor
and
sub-conductor
. Unlike in the British Army, although these appointments were warranted, the appointment and rank continued to be the same and the actual rank of warrant officer was never created. Indian equivalents were
viceroy's commissioned officers
.
Ireland
[
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]
Irish Naval Service
[
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]
Equivalent NATO Code
|
OR-9
|
Ireland
|
Executive
|
Administrative
|
Engineering
|
Communications
|
Irish
|
Oifigeach Barantais
|
English
|
Warrant officer
|
Malaysia
[
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]
In the
Malaysian Armed Forces
, warrant officers (
Malay
:
pegawai Waran
) are the highest ranks for non commissioned officers.
New Zealand
[
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]
The
New Zealand Army
usage is the same as the Australian Army, having two ranks. The warrant officer class 2 (WO2), addressed as "sergeant major", and the warrant officer class 1 (WO1), addressed as "sir" or "ma'am". There are also appointments such as company and squadron sergeant major (CSM and SSM) which are usually WO2 positions and regimental sergeant major (RSM), which are usually WO1 positions. The highest ranking WO1 holds the position of Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA). In certain uniforms, WO2s wear black shoes, the same as the enlisted ranks, whilst WO1s wear brown shoes, in common with commissioned officers. The exception to this are WO1s of the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps (RNZAC), who wear black shoes.
The
Royal New Zealand Navy
has a single warrant officer rank, addressed as "sir" or "ma'am". This rank is equivalent to the Army WO1.
The
Royal New Zealand Air Force
also has a single warrant officer rank, equivalent to the Navy warrant officer, and the Army warrant officer class 1 (WO1). A warrant officer in the RNZAF is addressed as "sir" or "ma'am". Previously an aircrew warrant officer was known as master aircrew; however this rank and designation is no longer used. The RNZAF also has a post of Warrant Officer of the Air Force, the most senior warrant officer position in the RNZAF.
Singapore
[
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]
Boys' Brigade
[
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]
The rank of warrant officer is the highest rank a Boys' Brigade boy can attain in
secondary school
.
National Civil Defence Cadet Corps
[
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]
The rank of warrant officer is given to selected non-commissioned officers in
National Civil Defence Cadet Corps
units. It is above the rank of staff sergeant, and below the rank of cadet lieutenant.
[13]
It is the highest rank a cadet can attain in the NCDCC while they are in secondary school. The rank insignia is one point-up chevron, a
Singapore coat of arms
, and a garland below.
Singapore Armed Forces
[
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]
In the
Singapore Armed Forces
, warrant officers begin as third warrant officers (3WO), previously starting at the rank of second warrant officer, abbreviated differently as WO2 instead. This rank is given to former
specialists
who have attained the rank of
master sergeant
and have either gone through, or are about to go through the Warfighter Course at the Specialist and Warrant Officer Advanced School (SWAS) in the Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute (SWI). In order to be promoted to a second warrant officer (2WO) and above, they must have been selected for and graduated from the joint warrant officer course at the
SAFWOS Leadership School
.
[14]
Warrant officers rank between specialists and commissioned officers. They ordinarily serve as battalion or brigade
regimental sergeant majors
. Many of them serve as instructors and subject-matter experts in various training establishments. Warrant officers are also seen on the various staffs headed by the respective specialist officers. There are six grades of warrant officer (3WO, 2WO, 1WO, MWO, SWO and CWO).
Warrant officers used to have their own mess. For smaller camps, this mess is combined with the officers' mess. Warrant officers have similar responsibilities to commissioned officers.
Warrant officers are usually addressed as "
encik
" ("mister" in Malay language) or as "warrant (surname)" or "
encik
" (surname).
[14]
Exceptions to this are those who hold appointments. Warrant officers holding the appointment such as
commanding officer
(CO) and
officer commanding
(OC) are to be addressed as "sir" by
other ranks
, and those holding
sergeant major
appointments such as regimental sergeant major (RSM), company sergeant major (CSM), formation sergeant major (FSM), institute sergeant major (ISM) and the Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA) are to be addressed as "sergeant major" by other ranks. Also, all warrant officers holding the rank of chief warrant officer (CWO) are to be addressed as "sir" by other ranks. Since all warrant officers are non-commissioned officers, they are not saluted.
Although ceremonial swords are usually reserved for
commissioned officers
, warrant officers of the rank of master warrant officer (MWO) and above are presented with ceremonial swords, but continue to carry the
pace stick
, with the sword sheathed during drills and parades.
Singapore Civil Defence Force
[
edit
]
In the
Singapore Civil Defence Force
, there are two warrant officer ranks. These ranks are (in order of ascending seniority) warrant officer (1) and warrant officer (2).
[15]
Previously, before the Home Team Unified Rank Scheme was introduced, there were two additional ranks of warrant officer, namely senior warrant officer (1) and senior warrant officer (2). Both ranks are now obsolete, although existing holders of these ranks were allowed to keep their rank.
South Africa
[
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]
South African National Defence Force
[
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]
In the
South African National Defence Force
, a warrant officer (WO) is set apart from those who hold a non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank. Warrant officers hold a warrant of appointment endorsed by the Minister of Defence. Warrant officers hold very specific powers, which are set out in the Defence Act and the Military Defence Supplementary Measures Act. Before 2008, there were two classes ? warrant officer class 1 and 2. A warrant officer class 1 could be appointed to positions such as regimental sergeant major, formation sergeant major or Sergeant Major of the Army or Warrant Officer of the Navy. In 2008, five new warrant officer ranks were introduced above warrant officer class 1: senior warrant officer (SWO), master warrant officer (MWO), chief warrant officer (CWO), senior chief warrant officer (SCWO) and master chief warrant officer (MCWO).
[16]
Rank group
|
Warrant officer
|
South African
National Defence Force
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Master chief warrant officer
|
Senior chief warrant officer
|
Chief warrant officer
|
Master warrant officer
|
Senior warrant officer
|
Warrant officer class 1
|
Warrant officer class 2
|
South African Police Service
[
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]
In the
South African Police Service
, there is only a single warrant officer (WO) rank.
United Kingdom
[
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]
Royal Navy
[
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]
Warrant officer classes of the Royal Navy
In 1973, warrant officers reappeared in the Royal Navy, but these appointments followed the army model, with the new warrant officers being ratings rather than officers. They were initially known as
fleet chief petty officers
(FCPOs), but were renamed warrant officers in the 1980s. They rank with warrant officers class one in the British Army and Royal Marines and with warrant officers in the Royal Air Force.
[2]
There are executive warrant officers for commands and ships.
[17]
Five branches (surface ships, submarines, Royal Marines, Fleet Air Arm, and Maritime Reserves) each have a command warrant officer.
[18]
The senior RN WO is the
Warrant Officer of the Royal Navy
.
[19]
[20]
Under the Navy Command Transformation Programme, there are now a
Fleet Commander
's Warrant Officer and a Second Sea Lord's Warrant Officer, all working with the
Warrant Officer of the Naval Service
, taking over the roles of the Command Warrant Officers.
[21]
[22]
[23]
In 2004, the rank of warrant officer class 2 was introduced. However, the rank was phased out in April 2014,
[24]
but is being reinstated for non-technical and technical branches of the Royal Navy in 2021.
[25]
British Army
[
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]
In the
British Army
, there are two warrant ranks, warrant officer class two (WO2) and warrant officer class one (WO1), the latter being the senior of the two. These ranks were previously abbreviated as WOII and WOI (using Roman instead of Indo-Arabic numerals). "Warrant officer first class" or "second class" is incorrect. The rank immediately below WO2 is
staff sergeant
(or
colour sergeant
).
[2]
From 1938 to 1940 there was a WOIII
platoon sergeant major
rank.
[26]
In March 2015, the new appointment of
Army Sergeant Major
was created, though the holder is not in fact a warrant officer but a commissioned officer holding the rank of captain.
[27]
[28]
The creation of the appointment of
command sergeant major
was announced in 2009.
[29]
Royal Marines
[
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]
Before 1879, the
Royal Marines
had no warrant officers:
[30]
by the end of 1881, the Royal Marines had given warrant rank to their sergeant-majors and some other senior non-commissioned officers, in a similar fashion to the army.
[31]
When the army introduced the ranks of warrant officer class I and class II in 1915, the Royal Marines did the same shortly after.
[32]
From February 1920, Royal Marines warrant officers class I (renamed warrant officers) were given the same status as Royal Navy warrant officers and the rank of warrant officer class II was abolished in the Royal Marines, with no further promotions to this rank.
[33]
The marines had introduced warrant officers equivalent in status to the Royal Navy's from 1910 with the Royal Marines gunner (originally titled gunnery sergeant-major), equivalent to the navy's warrant rank of gunner.
[34]
[35]
Development of these ranks closely paralleled that of their naval counterparts: as in the Royal Navy, by the Second World War there were warrant officers and commissioned warrant officers (e.g.
staff sergeant majors
, commissioned staff sergeant majors, Royal Marines gunners, commissioned Royal Marines gunners, etc.). As officers, they were saluted by junior ranks in the Royal Marines and the army. These all became (commissioned) branch officer ranks in 1949, and special duties officer ranks in 1956. These ranks would return in 1972, this time similar to their army counterparts, and not as the RN did before. The most senior Royal Marines warrant officer is the
Corps Regimental Sergeant Major
. Unlike the RN proper (since 2014), it retains both WO ranks.
Royal Air Force
[
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]
The
Royal Air Force
first used the ranks of sergeant major first and second class as inherited from the
Royal Flying Corps
, with the rank badges of the Royal coat of arms and the crown respectively. In the 1930s, these ranks were renamed warrant officer class I and II as in the Army. In 1939, the RAF abolished the rank of WOII and retained just the WOI rank, referred to as just warrant officer (WO), which it remains to this day. The RAF has no equivalent to WO2 (NATO OR-8), an RAF WO being equivalent to WO1 (NATO OR-9) and wearing the same badge of rank, the Royal coat of arms. The correct way to address a warrant officer is "sir" or "ma'am" by airmen and "mister or warrant officer -surname-" by officers. Most RAF warrant officers do not hold appointments as in the army or Royal Marines; the exception to this is the station warrant officer, who is considered a "first amongst equals" on an
RAF station
. Warrant officer is the highest non-commissioned rank and ranks above flight sergeant.
In 1946, the RAF renamed its aircrew warrant officers to master aircrew, a designation which still survives. In 1950, it renamed warrant officers in technical trades to master technicians, a designation which survived only until 1964.
The most senior RAF warrant officer by appointment, although holding the same rank as other RAF warrant officers (OR9), is the
Warrant Officer of the Royal Air Force
, previously known as the Chief of the Air Staff's Warrant Officer from the post's creation in 1996 until 2021.
United States
[
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]
In the
United States Armed Forces
, a warrant officer (grade W-1 to W-5) is ranked as an officer above the senior-most
enlisted ranks
, as well as
officer cadets
and
officer candidates
, but below the officer grade of
O?1
(NATO: OF?1). All warrant officers rate a salute
[
citation needed
]
from those ranked below them; i.e., the enlisted ranks. Warrant officers are highly skilled, single-track specialty officers, and while the ranks are authorized by Congress, each branch of the military selects, manages, and utilizes warrant officers in slightly different ways. For appointment to warrant officer (W-1), normally a
warrant
is approved by the service secretary of the respective branch of service. However, appointment to this rank can come via commission by the
President
, but this is less common. For the chief warrant officer ranks (CW?2 to CW?5), these warrant officers are commissioned by the President. Both warrant officers and chief warrant officers take the same oath of office as regular
commissioned officers
(O-1 to O-10).
[36]
A small number of warrant officers command
detachments
,
units
, activities, vessels, aircraft, and armored vehicles, as well as lead, coach, train, and counsel subordinates. However, the warrant officer's primary task is to serve as a technical expert, providing valuable skills, guidance, and expertise to commanders and organizations in their particular field.
[36]
All U.S. armed services employ warrant officer grades except the
U.S. Air Force
and the
U.S. Space Force
. Although still technically authorized, the Air Force discontinued appointing new warrant officers in 1959, retiring its last chief warrant officer from the
Air Force Reserve
in 1992. Space Force inherited the same lack of warrant officers from the Air Force, although its inaugural
Chief Master Sergeant
,
Roger A. Towberman
, stated in a January 2021 interview that Space Force would study the issue and decide whether or not to introduce them. In February 2024, U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff General David W. Allvin announced that the Air Force will re-introduce the warrant officer rank within the information technology and cyber fields as a way to maintain technical leadership with those skills.
[37]
[38]
The
U.S. Army
utilizes warrant officers heavily
[a]
and separates them into two types: Aviators and technical. Army aviation warrant officers pilot both rotary-wing and fixed wing aircraft and represent the largest group of Army warrant officers. Technical warrant officers in the Army specialize in a single branch technical area such as intelligence, sustainment, supply, military police, or special forces; and provide advice and support to commanders. For example, a military police officer and a military intelligence officer both have to be branch qualified in their respective fields, learning how to manage the entire spectrum of their profession. However, within those broad fields warrant officers include such specialists as
CID Special Agents
(a very specific track within the military police) and
Counterintelligence Special Agents
(a very specific track within military intelligence). These technical warrant officers allow for a soldier with subject matter expertise (like non-commissioned officers), but with the authority of a commissioned officer. Both technical and aviation warrant officers go through initial training and branch assignment at the Army
Warrant Officer Candidate School
(WOCS), followed by branch-specific training and education paths. Technical warrant officers are generally selected from the non-commissioned officer ranks (typically E-6 through E-9). Aviation warrant officer candidates can apply from all branches of service, including junior enlisted and non-prior service civilians (aviation warrant officers join through the Warrant Officer Flight Training Program).
The
U.S. Navy
and
U.S. Coast Guard
discontinued the grade of W-1 in 1975, appointing and commissioning all new entrants as chief warrant officer two (pay grade W-2, with rank abbreviation of CWO2). This was to prevent a pay decrease that an entrant may take since all Navy chief warrant officers are selected strictly from the
chief petty officer
pay grades (E-7 through E-9). The Coast Guard allows E-6 personnel to apply for chief warrant officer rank, but only after they have displayed their technical ability by earning a placement in the top 50% on the annual eligibility list for advancement to E-7. In 2018, the U.S. Navy expanded the warrant program, re-implementing the W-1 pay grade for cyber warrant officers and accepting three new WO1s in fiscal year 2019.
[39]
This was further expanded in 2020 when the Navy introduced the Air Vehicle Pilot (AVP) program. Personnel commissioning as AVPs will be awarded the rank of W-1.
[40]
Warrant officers in the Army holding the rank of warrant officer 1 (WO1) are formally addressed as "Mr/Ms" [last name]. Upon promotion to chief warrant officer 2, "Chief" becomes an additional authorized term of address. WO1s are informally addressed as "Chief" by many soldiers as well. In the Navy, warrant officers are typically addressed as "Mr/Ms" [last name], "Chief Warrant Officer", or informally as "Warrant" regardless of their grade.
The
U.S. Maritime Service
(USMS), which is established at 46 U.S. Code § 51701, falls under the authority of the Maritime Administration of the Department of Transportation and is authorized to appoint warrant officers. In accordance with 46 U.S. Code § 51701, the USMS rank structure must be the same as that of the U.S. Coast Guard while uniforms worn are those of the U.S. Navy with distinctive USMS insignia and devices. The USMS has appointed warrant officers, of various specialty fields, during and after World War II.
[41]
[42]
Warrant officer rank is also occasionally used in law enforcement agencies to grant status and pay to certain senior specialist officers who are not in command, such as senior technicians or helicopter pilots. As in the armed forces, they rank above sergeants, but below lieutenants. For example, the
North Carolina State Highway Patrol
had several warrant officer helicopter pilot positions from the 1960s until the mid-1980s. The WO insignia was a silver bar with a black square in the center. The WO ranks were abolished when the aviation program expanded and nearly twenty trooper pilot positions were created.
The
New York State Police
rank of technical lieutenant is similar to a warrant officer rank insofar as it is used to grant commissioned officer authority to non-commissioned officers with extensive technical expertise.
Modern insignia and grades of warrant officers of the U.S. military
Service
|
CW5 or CWO5
|
CW4 or CWO4
|
CW3 or CWO3
|
CW2 or CWO2
|
WO1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Established in 1994; not implemented
|
|
|
|
Discontinued in 1975
|
Gallery
[
edit
]
Warrant officer
[
edit
]
Warrant officer class 2
[
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]
Warrant officer class 1
[
edit
]
See also
[
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]
Notes
[
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]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Welsh, David R. (2006).
Warrant: The Legacy of Leadership as a Warrant Officer
. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing Company. p. 6.
ISBN
978-1-59652-053-0
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
"A Brief History of Warrant Rank in the Royal Navy"
.
Naval-History.Net
. Retrieved
7 April
2010
.
- ^
a
b
Lavery, Brian (1989).
Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization
. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press. p.
100
.
ISBN
0-87021-258-3
.
- ^
a
b
"Information sheet no 096: Naval Ranks"
(PDF)
.
National Museum of the Royal Navy
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 23 September 2015.
- ^
Lavery, Brian (1989).
Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization
. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p.
136
.
ISBN
0-87021-258-3
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Defence Force Regulations 1952"
.
Australian Government, ComLaw
. Retrieved
4 June
2012
.
- ^
"Australian Defence Force Badges of Rank and Special Insignia"
.
Australian Government, Department of Defence
. Retrieved
19 March
2007
.
- ^
"Rank Categories"
.
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