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Vasile Lupu

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Vasile Lupu
Prince of Moldavia
(1st reign)
Reign April 1634 ? 13 April 1653
Predecessor Moise Movil?
Successor Gheorghe ?tefan
Prince of Moldavia
(2nd reign)
Reign 8 May ? 16 July 1653
Predecessor Gheorghe ?tefan
Successor Gheorghe ?tefan
Born 1595
Arbanasi?
Died 1661
Constantinople
Issue ?tef?ni?? Lupu
Ruxandra Lupu
Maria Lupu
Father Neculai
Religion Orthodox
The Coat of arms of Vasile Lupu.

Lupu Coci , known as Vasile Lupu ( Romanian pronunciation: [va?sile ?lupu] ; 1595?1661), was a Voivode of Moldavia of Albanian and Greek origin between 1634 and 1653. Lupu had secured the Moldavian throne in 1634 after a series of complicated intrigues and managed to hold it for twenty years. Vasile was a capable administrator and a brilliant financier and was soon almost the richest man in the Christian East. His gifts to Ottoman leaders kept him on good terms with the Ottoman authorities.

Early life [ edit ]

The Coci family settled in Wallachia (?ara Rumaneasc?) in the first half of the 16th century. [1] [ page needed ] His father, Nicolae (Neculai) Coci was an Albanian shopkeeper, the son of Constantin (Coce) and Ecaterina, who originated from Macedonia or Epirus . [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] His mother was Greek . [7] [8] Nicolae entered Moldavian nobility in 1593. [9] [ page needed ] Nikolae was born in Arbanasi. According to different researchers it was a village in modern-day Bulgaria ( Arbanasi [10] or Dolno Arbanasi - today a suburb of Razgrad ), [11] while some historians claim Arb?na?i (modern Romania). [12] [ page needed ] Vasile Lupu received Greek education. [13]

Reign [ edit ]

Portrait of Vasile Lupu on the Romanian Athaeneum wall.

Lupu had held a high office under Miron Barnovschi , and was subsequently selected Prince as a sign of indigenous boyars ' reaction against Greek and Levantine competition. [ citation needed ] This was because Vasile Lupu had led a rebellion against Alexandru Ilia? and his foreign retinue , being led into exile by Moise Movil? (although he was backed by Prince Matei Basarab and the powerful Pasha of Silistra , Abaza Mehmed Pasha ). Despite having led the rebellion against Greek influence, Lupu maintained strong ties to the Greeks and the Patriarchate of Constantinople. [14] He pursued a Greek-Orthodox policy and sought to become the new Byzantine Emperor.

His rule was marked by splendor and pomp. He was a builder of notable monuments (the unique Trei Ierarhi Monastery in Ia?i and the St. Paraskeva Church, Lviv , among others), a patron of culture and arts founding the Academia Vasilian? ). These acts also had negative effects, the tax burdens being increased to an intolerable level.

After relations between the two Princes soured, Vasile Lupu spent much of his reign fighting the Wallachian Matei Basarab, trying to impose his son Ioan to the throne in Bucharest . His army was defeated twice in 1639 at Ojogeni and Neni?ori and a third time, at Finta , in 1653. After this last battle, the Moldavian boyars rebelled and replaced him with the Wallachian favorite, Gheorghe ?tefan . Vasile Lupu went into exile and died while being kept in Turkish custody at Yedikule prison in Constantinople .

Lupu built a strong alliance with hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky , arranging the marriage of his own daughter Ruxandra Lupu to Khmelnytsky's son Tymofiy (Tymish), who went on to fight alongside Lupu at Finta.

Vasile Lupu made alliances with Ottoman officials, in particular with former Grand Vizier Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha . Lupu's association with the latter relied on their common Albanian origin. [15]

Laws and reforms [ edit ]

Vasile Lupu introduced the first codified printed law in Moldavia, the Carte Romaneasc? de inv???tur? (" Romanian book of learning", 1646, published in Ia?i), known as the Pravila lui Vasile Lupu ("Vasile Lupu's code"). [16] The document follows Byzantine tradition, being a translated review of customs and almost identical to its Wallachian contemporary equivalent.

Endowments [ edit ]

Lupu founded churches and monasteries throughout his lands. The liturgical language was described as "vulgar Greek" by Robert Bargrave who travelled the lands. [17]

Education [ edit ]

Lupu founded the Princely High School of Trei lerarhi Church in 1640, which taught in Greek and Latin. [18]

Family [ edit ]

The Coci last name was carried on by Stefan Coci (son of Vasile Lupu) who married the daughter of Petru Rare? , a voivode of Moldavia, but also by the descendant of Gabriel Coci named Hatmanul. The descending line of Coci intersects with aristocratic families from Moldavia, old families such as the Bucioc, Boulesti, and Abazesti.

Vasile Lupu in a Moldovan stamp of 1999

Representation in postal stamps [ edit ]

Vasile Lupu is depicted in a stamp issued by the Post of Moldova in 1999 and in a stamp of Romania issued in 2019.

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Revista istoric? . 1993. Vasile Lupu se trage din familia Coci, venit? in ??rile Romane inc? din prima jum?tate a secolului al XVI-lea, era al treilea fiu al lui Nicolae Coci, ...
  2. ^ R. W. Seton-Watson (1934). A History of the Roumanians . Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN   978-1-107-51158-3 .
  3. ^ Runciman 1985 , p. 341.
  4. ^ Ioan Bolovan (1997). A History of Romania . Center for Romanian Studies. p. 287. Voivode of Moldavia was an Albanian from Arbanasi, probably with distant origin from Epirus, a region of mixed population. The majority of the population of the famous region is Greek and Albanian, but there live also thousands of "real Epirotes", the Romanian-speaking Vlachs of Pindus. This has served as a base for fabrications according to which Lupu was a Greek or a Vlach (Aromanian). Some Romanian historians explain that Epirote Vlachs are in fact Romanians and for this reason it is claimed Lupu was a Romanian. However, the most interesting fabrication is that Lupu was a Bulgarian because his father lived in Arbanasi, which today is part of Bulgaria.
  5. ^ Nicoar?, Toader (2005). Sentimentul de insecuritate in societatea romaneasc? la inceputurile timpurilor moderne 1600-1830 [ The noble families of Moldova and Wallachia: Abaza-Bogdan ] (in Romanian). Accent. pp. 129, 133, 152. ISBN   9789738445086 .
  6. ^ Sturdza, Mihail-Dimitri, ed. (2004). Familiile boiere?ti din Moldova ?i ?ara Romaneasc?: Abaza-Bogdan (in Romanian). Simetria. p. 346. ISBN   9789738582170 .
  7. ^ Iordachi, Constantin (2013). "From Imperial Entanglements to National Disentanglement: The "Greek Question" in Moldavia and Wallachia, 1611-1863" . In Daskalov, Roumen Dontchev; Marinov, Tchavdar (eds.). Entangled Histories of the Balkans, Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies . Leiden: Brill. p. 94. ISBN   978-90-04-25075-8 . ISSN   1877-6272 . OCLC   851157146 – via Internet Archive .
  8. ^ Iordachi, Constantin (2019). Liberalism, constitutional nationalism, and minorities : the making of Romanian citizenship, c. 1750-1918 . Leiden. p. 57. ISBN   978-90-04-40111-2 . OCLC   1096227555 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link )
  9. ^ Constantin ?erban (1991). Vasile Lupu (in Romanian). Editura Academiei Romane. ISBN   978-973-27-0205-5 . Tot atit de sigur este faptul c? Nicolae Coci a fost mare comis in Moldova (martie- aprilie 1593), pe timpul lui Aron vod? Tiranul, c? apoi a trecut in ?ara Romaneasc?, unde a fost mare postelnic (octombrie 1593 ? 22 iulie 1594), apoi din nou ...
  10. ^ Stamatopoulos, Dimitris (2016-01-20). "The Poor Men of Christ and Their Leaders: Wealth and Poverty within the Christian Orthodox Clergy of the Ottoman Empire (Eighteenth to Nineteenth Century)" . In Davidova, Evguenia (ed.). Wealth in the Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Balkans: A Socio-Economic History . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 90. ISBN   978-0-85772-605-6 – via Google Books .
  11. ^ Wasiucionek, Michal (2021). The Ottomans and Eastern Europe: Borders and Political Patronage in the Early Modern World . London: Bloomsbury Publishing (published 2019-06-27). p. 106. ISBN   978-1-78831-858-7 .
  12. ^ Nicolae Ciachir (2003). Un istoric roman ancorat in lumea contemporana (in Romanian). ISBN   978-973-668-014-4 .
  13. ^ Niessen, James P. (2005). "Romania" . In Frucht, Richard (ed.). Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and culture . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO . p. 750. ISBN   978-1-57607-800-6 .
  14. ^ C?lin Hentea (2007). Brief Romanian Military History . Scarecrow Press. p. 76. ISBN   978-0-8108-5820-6 .
  15. ^ Karman, Gabor (2020). Tributaries and Peripheries of the Ottoman Empire . The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage. Brill. p. 203.
  16. ^ Susana Andea (2006). History of Romania: compendium . Romanian Cultural Institute. p. 332. ISBN   978-973-7784-12-4 . In the legislative field, he managed to print the Imperial Code of Laws in 1646 (Vasile Lupu's Code, or the Romanian Book of Learning).
  17. ^ Robert Bargrave (1 January 1999). The Travel Diary of Robert Bargrave: Levant Merchant (1647-1656) . Hakluyt Society. p. 136. ISBN   978-0-904180-63-3 .
  18. ^ Allen Kent; Harold Lancour; Jay E. Daily (1 February 1979). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 26 - Role Indicators to St. Anselm-College Library (Rome) . CRC Press. pp. 65?. ISBN   978-0-8247-2026-1 .

Sources [ edit ]

Preceded by Prince/Voivode of Moldavia
April 1634?April 1653 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prince/Voivode of Moldavia
May?June 1653 		Succeeded by
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