Entertainment made up of a variety of acts
Variety show
, also known as
variety arts
or
variety entertainment
, is entertainment made up of a variety of acts including
musical
performances,
sketch comedy
,
magic
,
acrobatics
,
juggling
, and
ventriloquism
. It is normally introduced by a
compere (master of ceremonies)
or
host
. The variety format made its way from the
Victorian era
stage in Britain and America to radio and then television. Variety shows were a staple of English language television from the late 1940s into the 1980s.
While still widespread in some parts of the world, such as in the United Kingdom with the
Royal Variety Performance
, and South Korea with
Running Man
, the proliferation of multichannel television and evolving viewer tastes have affected the popularity of variety shows in the United States. Despite this, their influence has still had a major effect on
late night television
whose
late-night talk shows
and
NBC
's variety series
Saturday Night Live
(which originally premiered in 1975) have remained popular fixtures of American television.
History
[
edit
]
Stage and radio
[
edit
]
The live entertainment style known as
music hall
in the United Kingdom and
vaudeville
in the United States can be considered a direct predecessor of the "variety show" format.
[1]
Variety in the UK evolved in theatres and music halls, and later in
working men's clubs
. British performers who honed their skills in music hall sketches include
Charlie Chaplin
,
Stan Laurel
,
George Formby
,
Gracie Fields
,
Dan Leno
,
Gertrude Lawrence
, and
Marie Lloyd
.
[2]
Most of the early top performers on
British television
and radio did an apprenticeship either in stage variety, or during
World War II
in
Entertainments National Service Association
(ENSA). In the UK, the ultimate accolade for a variety artist for decades was to be asked to do the annual
Royal Command Performance
at the
London Palladium
theatre, in front of the monarch. Later known as the
Royal Variety Performance
(from 1919), it continues today. In the 1940s, Stan Laurel revisited his music hall days when he performed at the
Royal Variety
show.
[3]
In the United States, former vaudeville performers such as the
Marx Brothers
,
George Burns
and
Gracie Allen
,
W. C. Fields
, and
Jack Benny
honed their skills in the
Borscht Belt
before moving to
talkies
, to
radio
shows, and then to
television
shows, including variety shows. Radio variety shows were the predominant form of light entertainment during the
Golden Age of Radio
from the late 1920s through the 1940s; such radio shows typically included a house vocalist, music from the
house band
, a
stand-up
monologue and a short
comedy sketch
. Variety shows centered on running comedy sketches with recurring characters eventually evolved into
sitcoms
(situation comedies).
1931?1960
[
edit
]
Variety shows were among the first programs to be featured on television during the experimental
mechanical television
era. Variety shows hosted by
Helen Haynes
and
Harriet Lee
are recorded in contemporary newspapers in 1931 and 1932; because of technical limits of the era, no recordings of either show have been preserved. After
World War II
, the genre again was an early favorite of the burgeoning electronic television industry;
Hour Glass
, dating to 1946, is the earliest surviving variety show, preserved in the form of audio recordings and still photographs. The genre proliferated during the
Golden Age of Television
, generally considered to be roughly 1948 to 1960. Many of these Golden Age variety shows were spin-offs or adaptations of previous radio variety shows.
From 1948 to 1971,
The Ed Sullivan Show
was one of
CBS
's most popular television series. Using his no-nonsense approach, host
Ed Sullivan
was instrumental in bringing many acts to prominence in the United States, including
Elvis Presley
and
The Beatles
. One year after Sullivan’s premiere,
Music & the Spoken Word
first aired on television. Having carried over from an already 20-year run on radio, the series airs a program of religious music, messages, and occasional interviews, and remains the longest-running variety show in U.S. television history. "
The Arthur Murray Party
" (1950-1960) was wildly popular and one of only 5 shows in the history of television to appear on all four major networks at the same time. The premise was a large dance party hosted by
Kathryn Murray
and
Arthur Murray
that showcased a new dance and a celebrity guest along with dozens of professional dancers. The show also hosted the only television appearance of
Buddy Holly
and
The Crickets
.
The Lawrence Welk Show
(1955?1982) would go on to become one of U.S. television's longest-running variety shows; based on the concept of the
big band remote
from the old-time radio era, it was already one of the last shows of its kind when it debuted and far outlasted all other big-band centered broadcast series by the end of its run.
Other long-running American variety shows that premiered during this time include
Texaco Star Theatre
(1948?1956),
Jerry Lester
's
Cavalcade of Stars
,
Broadway Open House
and
Chesterfield Sound-Off Time
(1949?1952);
The Jackie Gleason Show
(1950?1955),
The Garry Moore Show
(1950?1967, in various incarnations),
The Morey Amsterdam Show
(1950?1954 in various incarnations),
The Colgate Comedy Hour
(1950?1955),
Your Show of Shows
(1950?1954),
The Red Skelton Show
(1951?1971),
The Dinah Shore Show
(1951?1957),
The George Gobel Show
(1954?1960) and
The Dinah Shore Chevy Show
(1956?1963).
Perry Como
also hosted a series of variety shows that collectively ran from 1948 to 1969, followed by variety specials that ran until 1994.
Shorter-lived variety shows during this period include
The Frank Sinatra Show
(1950?1952),
The Jimmy Durante Show
(1954?1956) and a different
The Frank Sinatra Show
(1957?1958).
In the UK,
The Good Old Days
?which ran from 1953 to 1983?featured modern artists performing dressed in late
Victorian
/Early
Edwardian
costume, either doing their own act or performing as a music hall artist of that period. The audience was also encouraged to dress in period costume in a similar fashion. Other long-running British variety shows that originated in the 1950s include
Tonight at the London Palladium
(1955?1969),
The Black and White Minstrel Show
(1958?1978),
The White Heather Club
(1958?1968) and
Royal Variety Performance
(an annual event televised since the 1950s).
1960s
[
edit
]
Popular American variety shows that began in the 60s include a revival of
The Jackie Gleason Show
(1960?1970),
The Andy Williams Show
(1962?1971),
The Danny Kaye Show
(1963?1967),
The Hollywood Palace
(1964?1970),
The Dean Martin Show
(1965?1974),
The Carol Burnett Show
(1967?1978),
The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour
(1967?1969) and
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
(1968?73). 1969 saw a flurry of new variety shows with rural appeal:
The Johnny Cash Show
(1969?1971),
The Jim Nabors Hour
(1969?1971),
The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour
(1969?1972) and
Hee Haw
(1969?1992).
Entertainers with less successful variety shows in the 1960s include
Judy Garland
and
Sammy Davis Jr.
1970s
[
edit
]
Some consider
disco
to be the boiled-down essence of
Seventies
pop culture
. But that doesn't quite cover it. Not everyone liked disco. In fact, a bunch of head-banging, beer-crushing rock jocks
blew up a pile of disco records
in the
Chicago White Sox
outfield
, as you might remember.
No, if any art form truly encapsulates the entirety of '70s culture, it is the variety show. After all, the variety show was not an art form, it was all art forms. A variety show packed sketch comedy, dance choreography, guest celebrities and concert performances (okay, lip-synching) into one anything-goes show. A variety show is
Broadway
meets
Solid Gold
meets
Saturday Night Live
meets
Saturday morning
.
MeTV
[4]
In 1970 and 1971, the American TV networks, CBS especially, conducted the so-called "
rural purge
", in which shows that appealed to more rural and older audiences were canceled as part of a greater focus on appealing to wealthier demographics. Many variety shows, including long-running ones, were canceled as part of this "purge," with a few shows (such as
Hee Haw
and
The Lawrence Welk Show
) surviving and moving into first-run
syndication
. Variety shows continued to be produced in the 1970s, with most of them stripped down to only music and comedy.
Popular variety shows that ran in the 1970s include
The Flip Wilson Show
(1970?1974),
The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour
(1971?1977, in various incarnations),
The
Bobby Goldsboro
Show
(1973?1975),
The Hudson Brothers' Razzle Dazzle Show
(1974-1975),
The Midnight Special
(1973?1981),
Don Kirshner's Rock Concert
(1973?1981),
The Mac Davis Show
(1974?1976),
Tony Orlando and Dawn
(1974?1976),
Saturday Night Live
(1975?present),
Donny & Marie
(1976?1979),
The Muppet Show
(1976?1981), and
Sha Na Na
(1977?1981). Of all of these, only
Saturday Night Live
remains on the air today, and has become the second-longest-running variety show in the history of American television.
Entertainers with weekly variety shows that ran for one season or less in the 1970s include
Captain & Tennille
,
The Jacksons
,
The Keane Brothers
,
Bobby Darin
,
Mary Tyler Moore
,
Julie Andrews
,
Dolly Parton
,
Shields and Yarnell
,
The Manhattan Transfer
,
Starland Vocal Band
, and the cast of
The Brady Bunch
.
Entertainers with variety-based TV specials in the 70s include
Carpenters
,
John Denver
,
Shirley MacLaine
,
Diana Ross
, Bob Hope, and Pat Boone.
Paul Lynde
hosted a string of irregularly scheduled
Comedy Hours
through the late 1970s.
By the late 1970s, nearly every TV variety show had ended production. Audiences were clearly tiring of the format;
[5]
the highest-rated variety show of 1975,
Cher
, was only the 22nd-most watched show of the year.
[6]
1980s?present
[
edit
]
By 1980, viewer interest in TV variety shows was rapidly waning. Most of the few new variety programs being produced were of remarkably poor quality (for instance, the infamous
Pink Lady and Jeff
), hastening the format's demise, though a few moderately successful shows remained, such as
Barbara Mandrell & the Mandrell Sisters
(November, 1980 to June, 1982). A brief revival of the genre arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Variety shows from this era included
Dolly
(starring
Dolly Parton
), which ran for 23 episodes on ABC during the 1987?88 season;
The Tracey Ullman Show
which aired on Fox from April, 1987 through May, 1990; a revival of
The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour
from 1988 to 1989; a revival of
The Carol Burnett Show
, which was broadcast by CBS for nine episodes in 1991 (following up on
Carol & Company
on NBC the previous year); and
Showtime
's
The Super Dave Osborne Show
hosted by
Bob Einstein
from 1987 to 1991 (itself a spinoff of
John Byner
's
Bizarre
, which ran from 1980 to 1986). By the 1990s, networks had given up on the format; after initially promising
Phil Hartman
his own variety show, NBC backed out of the agreement believing a variety show could no longer succeed.
[7]
By the 21st century, the variety show format was practically extinct, due largely to changing tastes and the fracturing of media audiences (caused by the
proliferation of cable and satellite television
) that makes a multiple-genre variety show impractical. Even reruns of variety shows have generally not been especially widespread;
TV Land
briefly broadcast repeats of some variety shows (namely
The Ed Sullivan Show
and
The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour
) upon its launch in 1996, but within a few years, reruns of most of those shows (except
The Flip Wilson Show
) were discontinued. Similarly,
CMT
held the rights to
Hee Haw
but broadcast very few episodes, opting mainly to hold the rights to allow them to create performance videos from the episodes to be shown in its video blocks. The current rights holder of
Hee Haw
,
RFD-TV
, has been more consistent broadcasting complete episodes of the program; RFD-TV also airs numerous other
country
-style variety shows from the 1960s and 1970s up through the present day, in a rarity for modern television. Another notable exception is
The Lawrence Welk Show
, which has been frequently broadcast in reruns on the
Public Broadcasting Service
(PBS) since 1986.
The Danny Kaye Show
returned to television in 2017 with reruns on
Jewish Life Television
(and, in the case of a one-off Christmas special, the Christian-leaning network
INSP
); JLTV dropped Kaye from its schedule at the end of 2018.
The Carol Burnett Show
, which had aired in severely edited form sporadically in syndication since it ended in 1977, returned intact in 2019 on numerous platforms.
[8]
Digital multicast network
getTV
shows variety shows on an irregular basis. The Spanish language variety show
Sabado Gigante
, which began in 1962, and then moved from
Chile
to the United States in 1986, continued to produce and broadcast new episodes on
Univision
until its cancellation in September 2015.
At least one national variety show continued on national radio into the 21st century.
A Prairie Home Companion
was founded and created by
Garrison Keillor
in 1974 as an homage to rural radio variety shows, featuring sketch comedy based on
radio dramas
of the
old-time radio
era, complete with faux commercials. (For a brief time in the late 1980s, the show was replaced with
The American Radio Company of the Air
, also hosted and created by Keillor, was set in a more urban environment and likewise was based on old-time radio; its short run eventually morphed into a revival of
A Prairie Home Companion
). In 2016, following Keillor's retirement,
Chris Thile
took over the program and, over the course of the next year, transformed it into
Live from Here
, a more streamlined musical variety series.
Live from Here
, which moved to New York City in 2019, was cancelled due to budget cuts in 2020.
Improvisational comic
Wayne Brady
, coming off his successful appearances on the panel game
Whose Line Is It Anyway?
, launched an eponymous variety show in 2001, which aired on ABC.
The Wayne Brady Show
lasted only one summer season in its variety format; when the show returned the next year in syndication, it had been reformatted as a talk show, under which format it ran until 2004.
Fox's
Osbournes Reloaded
, a variety show featuring the family of rocker
Ozzy Osbourne
, was canceled after only one episode had been telecast in 2009. More than two dozen affiliates refused to telecast the first episode of the show. This series had been slated for a six-episode run.
NBC has made repeated attempts at reviving the variety format since the late 2000s (the network's last successful variety series,
Michael Nesmith
's short-lived but influential
Television Parts
, was broadcast in the summer of 1985) . A pilot episode for
Rosie Live
was telecast the day before
Thanksgiving Day
in 2008 and, after receiving middling ratings and extremely poor reviews, was not picked up for its originally planned run in January 2009. In May 2014, NBC aired
The Maya Rudolph Show
, a variety show starring
SNL
performer
Maya Rudolph
. Like
Rosie Live
, the broadcast was intended to be a one-off special, but with the possibility of additional episodes depending on its performance.
[9]
[10]
The special won its time slot, due mainly to a strong lead-in,
[11]
and spawned the May 2016 premiere of
Maya & Marty
, adding fellow
SNL
cast member
Martin Short
; under that format,
Maya & Marty
lasted six episodes. Earlier that season, NBC aired
Best Time Ever
, an adaptation of the British variety game show
Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway
starring actor
Neil Patrick Harris
which was ultimately unsuccessful.
[12]
[13]
Related formats
[
edit
]
Christmas and other variety specials
[
edit
]
Starting in the 1950s, some entertainers became associated with variety
television specials
that would recur on a regular basis, in some cases for decades, on American network TV. Such entertainers included
Bob Hope
,
Bing Crosby
,
Perry Como
,
Andy Williams
and
Mitzi Gaynor
. Many of these were
Christmas
variety specials, which often showed the star in a set meant to look like their home, welcoming singers and other guests to perform duets of
Christmas songs
. The popularity of these Christmas shows outlasted that of weekly variety shows. In 1973, for example, even as variety shows were starting to fade in popularity, variety Christmas specials hosted by Williams and Como both attracted an enormous 40% of the American television audience.
[14]
Williams's and
Johnny Cash
's annual Christmas specials outlasted the regularly scheduled variety shows that spawned them by several years. Also,
Barbara Mandrell
Christmas special. Christmas variety specials' popularity continued into the 1990s, before starting to wane in the 2000s.
[14]
Nevertheless, the tradition has continued. Entertainers who have hosted Christmas variety specials in the 21st century include
Kid Rock
,
Nick Lachey
and
Jessica Simpson
,
Carrie Underwood
,
Lady Gaga
,
Michael Buble
,
Bill Murray
,
Gwen Stefani
, and
Darci Lynne
.
Talk shows
[
edit
]
Though the format faded in popularity in prime time, it thrived in American
late night
TV. Night-time variety shows eventually evolved into
late-night talk shows
, which combine variety entertainment (primarily comedy and live music) with the aspects of a
talk show
(such as interviews with celebrities). The
Emmy Awards
academy considers the two genres to be related closely enough that, until 2015, the
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series
was open to any of these types of show; in 2015, the academy separated late-night talk shows and sketch comedy series into separate categories.
During
Johnny Carson
's tenure on
The Tonight Show
on NBC from 1962 to 1992, the show dominated late night ratings, and the other networks attempted late-night talk shows only sporadically. This changed with Carson's retirement, and other networks began to air their own talk show competitors, starting with
Late Show with David Letterman
on CBS in 1993. As of the current generation of U.S. hosts, late-night talk shows vary widely on their resemblance to the original variety format, with
Jimmy Fallon
's incarnation of
The Tonight Show
putting heavy emphasis on sketch and game segments incorporating celebrity guests (especially involving music), while
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
has placed a larger emphasis on
news satire
similar to its
host
's previous
Comedy Central
late-night program
The Colbert Report
(where Colbert
portrayed
himself as a parody of
conservative
pundits
).
The Richard Bey Show
combined the variety show with the
tabloid talk show
, not only having its guests talk about their problems but also having them participate in absurdist games, and
Sally Jesse Raphael
was known for occasionally having music and fashion in the show, especially
drag
and gender-bending performances.
Sketch comedy shows
[
edit
]
American
sketch comedy
series such as
Saturday Night Live
,
In Living Color
,
Almost Live!
(and its successor
Up Late NW
),
MADtv
, and
SCTV
also contain variety show elements, particularly musical performances and comedy sketches. The most obvious difference between shows such as
Saturday Night Live
and traditional variety shows is the lack of a single lead host (or hosts) and a large
ensemble cast
.
SNL
has used different guest hosts ever since its inception.
Talent shows
[
edit
]
Televised
talent shows
have a variety show element, in that they feature a variety of different acts. Examples of US talent shows that feature entertainers from a broad variety of disciplines include
Star Search
, which had a run in the 1980s in syndication and a run on
CBS
in the early 2000s during the reality television boom;
The Gong Show
, which reached its peak in the 1970s but has had occasional revivals since then; and the worldwide
Got Talent
franchise.
Telethons
[
edit
]
The variety show format also continued in America in the form of the
telethon
, which feature variety entertainment (often music) interspersed with appeals for viewers to make donations to support a charity or cause. The
Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon
was one of the best known telethons in the US, but it too was eventually canceled after several years of shortening (originally over 21 hours, by the time of its last telecast in 2014, by which point Lewis had been gone from the telethon several years, it was down to two hours). Another popular telethon, for
United Cerebral Palsy
, ended its run in 1998 shortly after the death of its founder and figurehead,
Dennis James
. Likewise, only a handful of long-established local telethons remain.
Other countries or regions
[
edit
]
Australia
[
edit
]
The prime time variety show format was popular in the early decades of Australian television, spawning such series as
In Melbourne Tonight
,
The Graham Kennedy Show
,
The Don Lane Show
, and
Hey Hey It's Saturday
, which ran for 27 years. Recent prime time variety shows include the short lived
Micallef Tonight
and
The Sideshow
.
Brazil
[
edit
]
In Brazil, variety shows are referred to as a
show de auditorio
(lit. "auditorium show").
[15]
Among the longest-running variety shows on Brazilian TV have been
SBT
's
Programa Silvio Santos
(1963?present), which is hosted by SBT's owner
Silvio Santos
, and
TV Globo
's
Domingao do Faustao
(1989?2021), which was hosted by
Fausto Silva
until he departed the network to host a
new variety show
on
Rede Bandeirantes
.
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
Taiwan
[
edit
]
Two notable
Taiwanese
variety shows are
Guess
(1996-2012) and
100% Entertainment
(1997?present). East Asian variety programs are known for their constant use of sound effects, on-screen visuals and comedic bantering. Many of the shows are presented in a live-like presentation in a fast-paced setting, with scenes repeating or fast forwarded.
Another popular variety show in Taiwan was
Kangsi Coming
(2004-2016). It was famous for its bantering, which was scripted.
Hong Kong
[
edit
]
The first Cantonese variety show to become a major success was Hong Kong's
Enjoy Yourself Tonight
, which first aired in 1967 and ran for 27 years. In Hong Kong, variety shows are often combined with elements of a cooking show or a talent competition but end in various results.
Iran
[
edit
]
Iran had a private television company that had broadcast Iran television network channel before national television, it aired variety shows.
[20]
Japan
[
edit
]
Variety programming has remained one of the dominant genres of television programming.
[21]
While Japanese variety shows are famous abroad for their wild stunts, they vary from talk shows to music shows, from tabloid news shows to skit comedy. The prominent use of
telop
on screen has created a style that has influenced variety programming across Asia. One of the most popular variety shows in Japan includes
Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai
.
South Korea
[
edit
]
In
South Korea
, the hugely popular show
Infinite Challenge
, has been broadcast by
MBC
from 2005 to 2018, was a new model of this, called "Real Variety Show". It combined comedy and variety scenes including unscripted stunts and special guest stars while taking place in various settings. Although many variety shows have existed in Korea long before the broadcast of
Infinite Challenge
, this program has given a rise to a new page in the history of Korean variety shows by introducing unscripted stunts. As a result, other broadcasting channels such as
KBS
and
SBS
have followed its path and introduced programs such as
2 Days & 1 Night
and
Running Man
. These types of Korean variety shows are grabbing foreign interest of countries such as Japan, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and even the United States bringing on a new type of the Korean wave globally.
Philippines
[
edit
]
Variety shows are a huge part of daily life in the Philippines, with all of the major networks running their own variety shows usually during lunchtime and can be on the air for between one and a half hours to three hours. The most notable Philippine variety show is the longest-running
Eat Bulaga
, which premiered in 1979 and has aired on
RPN
,
ABS-CBN
,
GMA
, and
TV5
in the succeeding years. Recently many other TV networks are different formats of variety. ABS-CBN's
It's Showtime
has also shown great popularity and interest to Filipino viewers.
Mexico
[
edit
]
Siempre en Domingo
premiered in 1969 with
Raul Velasco
hosting. It became Mexico's longest-running variety series, remaining on
Televisa
until 1998. Other long-running variety shows, most of which have been Televisa productions, have included
La Carabina de Ambrosio
,
Anabel
,
Al Fin de Semana
,
Silvia
y
Enrique
,
La Parodia
,
Muevete
,
Desmadruga2
, and
Sabadazo.
. Most, if not all, of Televisa's variety shows have aired in other countries, including the Univision networks in the United States.
Venezuela
[
edit
]
In
Venezuela
, the best known variety show is
Super Sabado Sensacional
. Originally established in 1968 (as
Sabado Espectacular
) on
Radio Caracas Television
, the show moved to
Venevision
in 1970 and was renamed
Sabado Sensacional
. In 1990, "Super" was added to the title, and is how the show is currently known today.
Chile
[
edit
]
The
Spanish-language
variety show known as
Sabados Gigantes
(forerunner of the U.S.
Sabado Gigante
) began in 1962 with
Don Francisco
and lasted into the 1990s. His daughter, Vivianne Kreutzberger, currently hosts the program under the title
Gigantes con Vivi
, while Don Francisco has hosted the U.S. version since April 12, 1986 until the end of the show's run on September 19, 2015.
France
[
edit
]
Throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, the producers
Maritie and Gilbert Carpentier
created the most popular variety shows on
French television
, including
Le Sacha Show
(1963-1971) hosted by
Sacha Distel
,
Top a...
(1972-1974),
Numero Un
(1975-1982) and a lot of television specials presented by various famous singers (
Johnny Hallyday
,
Sylvie Vartan
,
Claude Francois
,
Petula Clark
).
From 1965 to 1970 was also aired
Dim Dam Dom
, a modern, playful and sophisticated show intended for a female audience and produced by
Elle
chief editor Daisy de Galard. Each episode of
Dim Dam Dom
was hosted in an all-white studio set by a different
speakerine
(a female continuity announcer), usually a popular actress or singer like
Francoise Hardy
,
Marie Laforet
,
Geraldine Chaplin
,
France Gall
,
Jane Birkin
,
Francoise Fabian
,
Romy Schneider
.
United Kingdom
[
edit
]
Variety shows with an emphasis on comedy sketches were popular in the United Kingdom from the late 1960s until the 1980s. Two of the longest-running and most popular series were
Morecambe and Wise
and
The Two Ronnies
.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Television in the United States".
Encyclopædia Britannica Online
, 2011. Web. 06 Jun. 2011
.
- ^
McCabe, John (2004).
The Comedy World of Stan Laurel
. Robson. p. 143.
- ^
"Stan at Queen's first Royal Variety Show"
Archived
1 February 2014 at the
Wayback Machine
.
North West Evening Mail
.
- ^
The groovy, goofy Paul Lynde Halloween Special could only have existed in the 1970s
, October 16, 2018
- ^
Carter, Bill (May 12, 2014).
Overextended, Music TV Shows Fade
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
- ^
The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946?Present
. Ballantine Books. 2003. p. 1463.
ISBN
0-345-45542-8
.
- ^
Freeman, John (March 8, 1996). "
'NewsRadio's' McNeal livin' it up as despicable cad".
San Diego Union-Tribune
. p. E-1.
- ^
"MeTV to Present Early Episodes of THE CAROL BURNETT SHOW"
from Broadway World (April 4, 2019)
- ^
"Maya Rudolph is reviving the variety show ? but is there still a place for it?"
.
The Guardian
. 19 May 2014
. Retrieved
25 May
2014
.
- ^
"Forget Donny & Marie. Maya Rudolph, NBC Bid To Revive TV's Variety Show"
from
Variety
(May 17, 2014)
- ^
"TV Ratings Monday: 'Bones' & 'Mike & Molly' Dip for Finales, 'The Voice' Rises + '24: Live Another Day' Slides & 'The Bachelorette' Ties Premiere Low"
from
TV By The Numbers/Zap2It
(May 20, 2014)
- ^
Joe Adalian (6 May 2015).
"Neil Patrick Harris Variety Show Now Has a Name -- Vulture"
.
Vulture
.
- ^
Dostis, Melanie (February 13, 2016).
"Maya Rudolph and Martin Short to debut variety show on NBC in May"
.
Daily News
. New York
. Retrieved
February 13,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
Scott Collins; Joe Flint (December 24, 2011).
"The Christmas variety TV special is out of season"
.
Los Angeles Times
.
- ^
Cole, Richard R. (1996).
Communication in Latin America: Journalism, Mass Media, and Society
. Rowman & Littlefield.
ISBN
978-0-8420-2559-1
.
- ^
CASTRO, DANIEL (2021-04-30).
"De saida da Globo, Fausto Silva fecha contrato de cinco anos com a Band"
.
Noticias da TV
(in Brazilian Portuguese)
. Retrieved
2022-10-17
.
- ^
"Como Faustao foi 'proibido' pela Globo de ser anunciado na Band"
.
tvefamosos.uol.com.br
(in Brazilian Portuguese)
. Retrieved
2022-10-17
.
- ^
"Faustao estreia na Band em 2022"
.
ISTOE
(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-09-04
. Retrieved
2022-01-29
.
- ^
Oliveira, Gabriel de (2022-09-12).
"Band muda programacao e coloca novela dividindo horario com Faustao"
.
TV Pop
(in Brazilian Portuguese)
. Retrieved
2022-10-17
.
- ^
"????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????"
.
- ^
Gerow, Aaron (2010), "Kind Participation: Postmodern Consumption and Capital with Japan's Telop TV", in Yoshimoto, Mitsuhiro (ed.),
Television, Japan, and Globalization
, Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, pp. 117?150
External links
[
edit
]
The dictionary definition of
variety show
at Wiktionary