In this
Spanish name
, the first or paternal
surname
is
Ferraz
and the second or maternal family name is
Barrau
.
Valentin Ferraz y Barrau
(
Huesca
,
Spain
, 1792 ?
Madrid
,
Spain
, 1866) was a Spanish
military
commander and politician.
[1]
[2]
After fighting in the
Peninsular War
and in the
Peruvian War of Independence
Valentin engaged in the chaotic politics of the post-war reign of
Isabella II of Spain
, serving as
Prime Minister of Spain
in 1840 and holding other important offices such as
Mayor of Madrid
.
Born into a noble family established in the twelfth century around the
Benasque
Valley,
Huesca
, the family produced several illustrious clerics, politicians, lawyers and military strategists. He was the nephew of Antonio Cornel y Ferraz, the Spanish Minister of War for
Charles IV of Spain
and first cousin of Jose Ferraz y Cornel, Spanish Minister of Finance For Queen Isabella in 1840, and Francisco Javier Ferraz y Cornel, Lieutenant General and Chief Military Justice, also during the reign of Isabella II.
Spanish War of Independence
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]
In 1808 as a cadet in the King's Dragoon Regiment in the city of
Zaragoza
at the beginning of the second phase of the Napoleonic invasion, Valentin was captured after the surrender of the city following two months of fierce fighting in the streets. However he managed to escape and rejoin the Spanish army which exploit earned him promotion to lieutenant in 1809. That same year he fought in the campaign of
Valencia
, then threatened by the French army of Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet. He engaged in constant battles and skirmishes that took place until the fall of the city of Valencia to the French, but a combination of fortuitous invents were to follow. First, the withdrawal of most French troops from Spain to reinforce
Napoleon
's Russian campaign and then the offensive of the
Duke of Wellington
was launched from
Portugal
. These factors helped the Allies to expel the French from Spain.
The regiment of Ferraz was deployed the fields of
La Mancha
(south of Madrid) where he distinguished himself in the fighting that preceded the ultimate French expulsion and the signing of the eventual peace treaty. After the war he held the military field rank of
Captain
(Teniente in Spanish), and requested a posting to South America where the royal armies faced the Peruvian separatists.
Peruvian War of Independence
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]
In 1815 Valentin was assigned to the regiment
Cazadores del Rey
, (Royal Hunters) which had been intended for action overseas and was sent to Peru in order to form the escort of the new General in Chief of the Army of Upper Peru, Brigadier Jose de la Serna, in whose company he embarked from Cadiz on 8 May 1816 aboard the frigate La Vengeance. As Captain in command of 4 officers and 46 soldiers, his regiment landed in the Peruvian port of Arica on 8 September of the same year. There they collected the horses and supplies needed for the campaign, and proceeded to the front-line of the war zone to join the royal army of Upper Peru in its barracks
Santiago de Cotagaita
, on the basis of the European troops would, in 1817 form a squad of Grenadier Guards of 78 men commanded by Ferraz. He mounted campaigns in
Tarija
,
Jujuy Province
and
Salta Province
, recovering for the Spanish Crown those territories that had been occupied by the Argentine independence movement.
The outstanding performance of Ferraz troops converted their mission from one of escort detail to a front-line regiment which came to have four squadrons with two beater and two shooter companies totalling some 600 men. His skills as a cavalry officer and his willingness to command was noted in dispatches.
[3]
The regiment would not have the opportunity to participate in the battle on the shores of Lake Junin, because the Upper Peru army revolted at Olaneta, which forced the Spanish viceroy to send Ferraz to reinforce the southern army under the command of Valdes. The campaign was a disaster and had to be abandoned. The troops returned to Cusco where the viceroy gathered his army for the final battle against Sucre.
The Capitulation of Ayacucho is the treaty signed by the Spanish Chief of Staff Jose de Canterac and General Antonio Jose de Sucre after the battle of that name on December 9, 1824, which gave birth to an independent Peru. Ferraz embarked for the Iberian Peninsula accompanied by a few subordinates with whom he had come to Peru nine years ago.
Return to Spain
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]
Valentin returned to Spain in 1825, and boosted his career under the tutelage of General Baldomero Espartero, rising through the ranks to the highest institutions, but always faithful to his liberal ideas. His titles included: Lieutenant General of the Armies, General Manager Gun Cavalry, inspector general of the National Militia, member of advisory boards for foreign wars, Congressman and Senator of the Spanish Kingdom representing the province of
Huesca
,
Mayor of Madrid
, War Minister four times and President of the Council of Ministers in the last weeks of the regency of
Maria Cristina de Borbon
.
Especially noteworthy in this period is when he led the Directorate General of Cavalry, which provided a real demonstration of his initiative and leadership qualities. He also founded an enduring Academy for Weaponry in
Alcala de Henares
which earned him the nickname of Spanish Cavalry Regenerator.
In 1865, a year before his death, Madrid's San Marcial Street (which runs between the central
Plaza de Espana (Madrid)
and Paseo Moret) was renamed calle Valentin Ferraz, in his honour, and remains so today. In house number 70 in this street in 1925 the founder of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Pablo Iglesias was to die. The building now serves as the principal political training facility and bears the name of Valentin as a mark of respect for his service to Spain.
References
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]