Portrait
|
Name
|
Birth
|
Succession
|
Reign
|
Time in office
|
Death
|
|
Maximinus Thrax
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS IVLIVS VERVS
MAXIMINVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c. 173,
Thrace
or
Moesia
|
Proclaimed emperor by Germanic legions after the murder of Severus Alexander
|
March 20, 235 ? June 238
|
3 years, 3 months
|
June 238 (aged 65)
Assassinated by his men during the
siege of Aquileia
|
|
Gordian I
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS
CORDIANVS
SEMPRONIANVS ROMANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS
|
c. 159,
Phrygia
?
|
Proclaimed emperor, whilst Pro-consul in
Africa
, during a revolt against Maximinus. Ruled jointly with his son Gordian II, and in opposition to Maximinus. Technically a usurper, but retrospectively legitimised by the accession of Gordian III
|
March 22, 238 ? April 12, 238
|
21 days
|
April 238 (aged 79)
Committed suicide upon hearing of the death of Gordian II.
|
|
Gordian II
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS
CORDIANVS
SEMPRONIANVS ROMANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS
|
c. 192,??
|
Proclaimed emperor, alongside father Gordian I, in opposition to Maximinus by act of the Senate.
|
March 22, 238 ? April 12, 238
|
21 days
|
April 238 (aged 46)
Killed during the
Battle of Carthage
, fighting a pro-Maximinus army
|
|
Pupienus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLODIVS
PVPIENVS
MAXIMVS AVGVSTVS
|
c. 165 or 170
|
Proclaimed joint emperor with Balbinus by the Senate in opposition to Maximinus; later co-emperor with Balbinus.
|
April 22, 238 ? July 29, 238
|
3 months and 7 days
|
July 29, 238 (aged 68 or 73)
Assassinated by the Praetorian Guard
|
|
Balbinus
IMPERATOR CAESAR DECIMVS CAELIVS CALVINVS
BALBINVS
PIVS AVGVSTVS
|
178
|
Proclaimed joint emperor with Pupienus by the
Senate
after death of Gordian I and II, in opposition to Maximinus; later co-emperor with Pupienus and Gordian III
|
April 22, 238 ? July 29, 238
|
3 months and 7 days
|
July 29, 238 (aged 60)
Assassinated by Praetorian Guard
|
|
Gordian III
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS
CORDIANVS
PIVS AVGVSTVS
|
January 20, 225,
Rome
|
Proclaimed emperor by supporters of Gordian I and II, then by the Senate; joint emperor with Pupienus and Balbinus until July 238; grandson and nephew of Gordian I and II, respectively
|
April 22, 238 ? February 11, 244
|
5 years, 9 months and 20 days
|
February 11, 244 (aged 19)
Unknown; possibly murdered on orders of Philip I
|
|
Philip the Arab
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS
PHILIPPVS
AVGVSTVS
with
Philip II
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS SEVERVS
PHILLIPVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c. 204,
Shahba
,
Syria
|
Praetorian Prefect
to Gordian III, took power after his death; made his son Philip II (born 237) co-emperor in summer 247
|
February 244 ? September/October 249
|
5 years
|
September/October 249 (aged 45)
Killed in the
Battle of Verona
by Decius, Philip II murdered by the Praetorian Guard
|
|
Decius
IMPERATOR CAESAR CAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS
DECIVS
AVGVSTVS
with
Herennius Etruscus
IMPERATOR CAESAR QVINTVS
HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS
MESSIVS DECIVS AVGVSTVS
|
c. 201,
Budalia
,
Pannonia Inferior
|
Governor under Philip the Arab; proclaimed emperor by
Danubian legions
then defeating and killing Philip in the Battle of Verona; made his son Herennius Etruscus (born 227) co-emperor in early 251
|
September/ October 249 ? June 251
|
2 years
|
June 251 (aged 50)
Both killed in the
Battle of Abrittus
fighting against the
Goths
|
|
Hostilian
IMPERATOR CAESAR CAIVS VALENS
HOSTILIANVS
MESSIVS QVINTVS AVGVSTVS
|
Sirmium
|
Son of Decius, accepted as heir by the
Senate
|
June 251 ? late 251
|
4?5 months
|
September/October 251 (aged 21)
Natural causes (
plague
)
|
|
Trebonianus Gallus
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS AFINIVS
TREBONIANVS GALLVS
AVGVSTVS
with
Volusianus
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS
VOLVSIANVS
AVGVSTVS
|
206,
Italia
|
Governor of
Moesia Superior
, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Decius's death (and in opposition to Hostilian); made his son Volusianus co-emperor in late 251.
|
June 251 ? August 253
|
2 years
|
August 253 (aged 47)
Assassinated by their own troops, in favour of
Aemilian
|
|
Aemilian
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AEMILIVS
AEMILIANVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c. 207 or 213
Africa
|
Governor of
Moesia Superior
, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after defeating the
Goths
; accepted as emperor after death of Gallus
|
August 253 ? October 253
|
2 months
|
September/October 253 (aged 40 or 46)
Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Valerian
|
|
Valerian
IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS
VALERIANVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c. 195
|
Governor of
Noricum
and
Raetia
, proclaimed emperor by Rhine legions after death of Gallus; accepted as emperor after death of Aemilian
|
October 253 ? 260
|
7 years
|
After 260 (aged at least 65)
Captured in
Battle of Edessa
against
Persians
, died in captivity
|
|
Gallienus
IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS
GALLIENVS
AVGVSTVS
with
Saloninus
IMPERATOR CAESAR CORNELIVS LICINIVS
SALONINVS
VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS
|
218
|
Son of Valerian, made co-emperor in 253; his son Saloninus (born c. 242) is very briefly co-emperor in c. July 260 before assassination by
Postumus
.
|
October 253 ? September 268
|
15 years
|
September 268 (aged 50)
Murdered at
Aquileia
by his own commanders.
|
|
Claudius Gothicus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS
CLAVDIVS
AVGVSTVS
|
May 10, 210,
Sirmium
|
Victorious general at
Battle of Naissus
, seized power after Gallienus's death
|
September 268 ? January 270
|
1 year, 4 months
|
January 270 (aged 60)
Natural causes (
plague
)
|
|
Quintillus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS
QVINTILLVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c.210,
Sirmium
|
Brother of Claudius II, seized power after his death
|
January 270 ? September(?) 270
|
Unknown
|
270 (aged around 60)
Unclear; possibly suicide or murder
|
|
Aurelian
IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS
AVRELIANVS
AVGVSTVS
|
September 9, 214/215,
Sirmium
|
Proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Claudius II's death, in opposition to Quintillus
|
September(?) 270 ? September 275
|
5 years
|
September 275 (aged 60-61)
Assassinated by
Praetorian Guard
|
|
Ulpia Severina
VLPIA SEVERINA
PIA AVGVSTA
|
Unknown
|
Wife of Aurelian, there is evidence that she ruled in her own right during the
interregnum
between Aurelian's death and the election of Tacitus.
[1]
[2]
|
September 275
|
Briefly
|
Unknown
|
|
Tacitus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS
TACITVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c. 200,
Interamna Nahars
,
Italia
|
Elected by the
Senate
to replace Aurelian, after a short
interregnum
|
September 25, 275 ? June 276
|
9 months
|
June 276 (aged 76)
Natural causes (possibly assassinated)
|
|
Florianus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS
FLORIANVS
AVGVSTVS
|
?
|
Brother of Tacitus, elected by the army in the west to replace him
|
June 276 ? September? 276
|
3 months
|
September? 276 (aged??)
Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Probus
|
|
Probus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS
PROBVS
AVGVSTVS
|
232,
Sirmium
|
Governor of the eastern provinces, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions in opposition to
Florian
|
September? 276 ? September/ October 282
|
6 years
|
September/ October 282 (aged 50)
Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of
Carus
|
|
Carus
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS
CARVS
AVGVSTVS
|
c. 230,
Narbo
,
Gallia Narbonensis
|
Praetorian Prefect to Probus; seized power either before or after Probus was murdered; made his son Carinus co-emperor in early 283
|
September/ October 282 ? late July/ early August 283
|
10?11 months
|
Late July/August 283 (aged 61)
Probably natural causes (Possibly killed by lightning)
|
|
Carinus
CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS
CARINVS
AVGVSTVS
|
?
|
Son of Carus, ruled shortly with him (from early 283) as co-emperor and then in his own right with his brother Numerian
|
Late July/early August 283 ? 285
|
2 years
|
285 (aged??)
Probably died in battle against Diocletian
|
|
Numerian
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS
NVMERIANVS
AVGVSTVS
|
?
|
Son of Carus, succeeded him jointly with his brother Carinus
|
Late July/early August 283 ? 284?
|
1 year
|
284 (aged??)
Unclear; possibly assassinated
|