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Twelve Auspicious Rites

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Girls dressed in ceremonial attire, ready to partake in the ear-boring rite, c. 1912.

The Twelve Auspicious Rites ( Burmese : ??????????????????????? , ???????????????????????? , and ??????????????????????? ) are a series of worldly rites of passage recognized in traditional Burmese culture , particularly by the Bamar and Rakhine peoples . [1] [2] [3] These are distinct from the Thirty-eight Buddhist Beatitudes described in the Ma?gala Sutta . [4]

In modern times, only four or five of these rites ? the naming, first feeding, ear-boring, shinbyu , and wedding rites ? are commonly practiced in Myanmar, especially in urban cities. [5] In pre-colonial Burma, Brahmins typically consecrated or led these rites. [5] Today, masters of ceremony who specialize in abhisheka rituals, called beiktheik saya (?????????), consecrate these rites. [4] Beiktheik saya derive their skills from four Vedic scriptures , namely S?maveda , Yajurveda , Atharvaveda , and Rigveda , in addition to Pali scriptures. [6] The Twelve Auspicious Rites are believed to have originated in India, and were later spread throughout Southeast Asia by Buddhist missionaries. The rites are based on the teachings of the Buddha and are intended to promote moral and spiritual development, as well as to help individuals attain enlightenment. [7]

List of rites [ edit ]

A young boy dressed in ceremonial costume, partaking in a shinbyu rite.
  1. Vij?ta Ma?gal? ( ???????????? ) ? the successful delivery of a child [2] [1]
  2. Mukhadassana Ma?gal? ( ????????????? ) ? the taking of refuge in the Three Jewels , worship of the Nandimukha nat , and paying of obeisance to a child's grandparents on the third day of a child's birth [1] [Note 1]
  3. Kesacchedana Ma?gal? ( ???????????????? ) ? the shaving of a child's hair on the 7th day of a child's birth [2] [1]
  4. Dol?kara?a Ma?gal? ( ??????????????? ) ? the first cradling of a child on an auspicious day [2] [1] [Note 2]
  5. Tamb?labhatta Ma?gal? ( ????????????????? ) ? the first ceremonial feeding of betel nut (flavored with catechu , licorice , and fennel seeds) to a child, on the 75th or 100th day of a child's birth [5] [1] [Note 3]
  6. Ravindudassana Ma?gal? ( ????????????????? ) ? the first revealing of a child to the sun and moon on the full moon day of the first, second, or third Burmese lunar months following a child's birth, [5] [1] [3] comparable to the Hindu nishkramana ceremony
  7. N?makara?a Ma?gal? ( ????????????? ) ? the naming of a child based on a child's personalized horoscope (????) on the 100th day of a child's birth, similar to the Hindu namakarana ceremony [2] [1] [3]
  8. Bhatt?h?ra Ma?gal? ( ??????????????? ) ? the first ceremonial feeding of solid food (steamed rice) to a child, also commemorated with the donation of food alms to Buddhist monks , on the 6th month of a child's birth, [2] [1] [Note 4] similar to the Hindu annaprashana ceremony
  9. Kesabandhana Ma?gal? ( ???????????????? ) ? the hair-knotting of a child, after the hair is shampooed with traditional herbal shampoo made with soap acacia and Grewia elastica ( Tayaw kinbun ) on an auspicious day [1]
  10. Ka??avijjhana Ma?gal? ( ????????????????? ) ? the ear-boring ceremony of a child an auspicious day, [2] [1] [3] comparable to the Hindu karnavedha ceremony
  11. Pabbajja Ma?gal? ( ?????????????? ) ? shinbyu , the ordination of a child into the Buddhist monkhood as a samanera on an auspicious day [2] [1] [Note 5] [3]
  12. ?v?ha Ma?gal? ( ????????????????? ) ? the wedding ceremony on an auspicious day [2] [8] [1] [Note 6]

The scholar Aung Chein also identifies a number of auspicious rites outside of the twelve listed above:

  1. Bh?my?kara?a Ma?gal? ( ??????????????? ) ? the first touching of the ground by a child [9]
  2. Muttasir? Ma?gal? ( ???????????????? ) ? the first parting of the child's hair by his or her mother [9]
  3. Maku?abandhana Ma?gal? ( ???????????????? ) ? the wearing of the maku?a crown [9]
  4. Gehakara?a Ma?gal? ( ????????????? ) ? the housewarming ceremony [9]

See also [ edit ]

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ Also called Nand?mukhadassana Ma?gal? ( ?????????????????? ).
  2. ^ " Dol? " (?????) is sometimes misspelt do?? (?????).
  3. ^ Also called Tamb?l?h?ra Ma?gal? ( ????????????????? ). Now sometimes replaced with Sirodaka Ma?gal? ( ??????? ), the child's first ceremonial hair-washing as betel nut has fallen out of common use.
  4. ^ Also called ?h?raparibhoga Ma?gal? (???????????????????, lit.   ' enjoyment of food ceremony ' ) or Pa?hamabhatta Ma?gal? ( ?????????????? , lit.   ' first cooked rice ceremony ' ).
  5. ^ Also called S?ma?erapabbajja Ma?gal? (????????????????????).
  6. ^ Typically combined with the Viv?ha Ma?gal? (????????????), the rite wherein the daughter is led to her family home before the wedding.

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "???????????? (??) ???" . Yangon Style (in Burmese) . Retrieved 2021-01-17 .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Spiro, Melford E. (1982-05-27). Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes . University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-04672-6 .
  3. ^ a b c d e Gall, Timothy L.; Gale Research Inc, eds. (1998). "Rakhines". Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life . Detroit: Gale. ISBN   978-0-7876-0552-0 .
  4. ^ a b Houtman, Gustaaf (1999). Mental Culture in Burmese Crisis Politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy . ILCAA. ISBN   978-4-87297-748-6 .
  5. ^ a b c d "?????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????" . 7Day News - ? ????????? ????? (in Burmese) . Retrieved 2021-01-17 .
  6. ^ Houtman, Gustaaf (1990). Traditions of Buddhist Practice in Burma . ILCAA. p. 264.
  7. ^ Bischoff, Roger (1995). Buddhism in Myanmar: A Short History . Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN   978-955-24-0127-5 .
  8. ^ "????????????? ?????????????????????" . The Myanmar Times (in Burmese). 2017-09-29 . Retrieved 2021-01-17 .
  9. ^ a b c d ?????????????? (1978). ???????????????????????????? (in Burmese). ????????.
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