From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Soviet / Ukrainian launch vehicle
Tsyklon-3 (Tsiklon-3)
Tsyklon-3 on display in downtown
Dnipro
|
Function
| Carrier rocket
|
---|
Manufacturer
| Yuzhmash
|
---|
Country of origin
| Soviet Union
(
Ukraine
)
|
---|
|
Height
| 39.27 m (128.8 ft)
|
---|
Diameter
| 3 m (9.8 ft)
|
---|
Mass
| 189,000 kg (417,000 lb)
|
---|
Stages
| 3
|
---|
|
|
Mass
| 4,100 kg (9,000 lb)
|
---|
|
---|
|
Family
| R-36
,
Tsyklon
|
---|
Derivative work
| Tsyklon-4
,
Cyclone-4M
|
---|
Comparable
| Delta II
|
---|
|
Status
| Retired
[1]
|
---|
Launch sites
| Plesetsk Cosmodrome
LC-32
|
---|
Total launches
| 122
|
---|
Success(es)
| 114
|
---|
Failure(s)
| 8
|
---|
First flight
| 24 June 1977
|
---|
Last flight
| 30 January 2009
[1]
|
---|
Type of passengers/cargo
| Tselina
Meteor
Okean
Geo-IK
Strela
|
---|
|
|
Powered by
| 1
RD-261
|
---|
Maximum thrust
| 3,032 kN (682,000 lb
f
)
|
---|
Specific impulse
| 301 sec
|
---|
Burn time
| 120 seconds
|
---|
Propellant
| N
2
O
4
/
UDMH
|
---|
|
Powered by
| 1
RD-262
|
---|
Maximum thrust
| 941 kN (212,000 lb
f
)
|
---|
Specific impulse
| 318 sec
|
---|
Burn time
| 160 seconds
|
---|
Propellant
| N
2
O
4
/
UDMH
|
---|
|
Powered by
| 1
RD-861
|
---|
Maximum thrust
| 78.7 kN (17,700 lb
f
)
|
---|
Specific impulse
| 317 sec
|
---|
Burn time
| 125 seconds
|
---|
Propellant
| N
2
O
4
/
UDMH
|
---|
|
|
The
Tsyklon-3
, also known as
Tsiklon-3
and
Cyclone-3
(known as
SL-14
by the United States
DoD
),
GRAU
index 11K68, was a
Soviet
, and subsequently
Ukrainian
orbital
carrier rocket
. Tsyklon 3 rocket body debris accounts for more than 500 pieces of space debris.
[2]
Overview
[
edit
]
A derivative of the
R-36
ICBM
, and a member of the
Tsyklon
family, Tsyklon-3 made its maiden flight on 24 June 1977, and was retired on 30 January 2009.
[1]
The Ukrainian-built Tsyklon rockets were retired in favour of future all-Russian carrier rockets, such as the
Angara
, and because they were fuelled by toxic
hypergolic propellants
.
[3]
Successor
[
edit
]
Ukraine was developing a commercial derivative of the Tsyklon-3, the
Tsyklon-4
.
[4]
The development of Tsyklon-4 ended in 2015 after Ukraine's development partner
Brazil
pulled out of the project. Tsyklon-4 never made it to launch pad.
Another successor to the Tsyklon rockets,
Cyclone-4M
(based on Tsyklon-4 designs), is under development as of 2021 for use in the commercial market.
[
citation needed
]
Debris
[
edit
]
2013 loss of Ecuadorian satellite after impact with Tsyklon-3 space debris
[
edit
]
On 23 May 2013 at approximately 05:38 UTC, the
Ecuadorian
satellite
NEE-01
Pegaso
passed very close to the spent
upper stage
of a 1985 Tsyklon-3 rocket over the
Indian Ocean
. While there was no direct collision between the satellite and upper stage,
Pegaso
is believed to have suffered a "glancing blow" after passing through a debris cloud around the Tsyklon stage and striking one of the small pieces.
[5]
[6]
After the incident, the satellite was found to be "spinning wildly over two of its axes" and unable to communicate with its ground station.
[5]
Efforts to reestablish control of
Pegaso
failed,
[6]
and on 28 August 2013 the decision was made by
EXA
and the Ecuadorian government to declare the satellite lost.
[7]
Other Debris events
[
edit
]
The Tsyklon-3 rocket body used to launch the
Meteor 2-16
on August 18, 1987 has fragmented five times between 1988 and 2006 due in part to propellant left inside the vehicle, resulting in more than 100 pieces of debris many of which are still in orbit.
[8]
See also
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
|
---|
|
Current
| |
---|
In development
| |
---|
Retired
| |
---|
Classes
| |
---|
- This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future
- Symbol
†
indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)
|
|
---|
Active
| |
---|
In development
| |
---|
Retired
| |
---|
Cancelled (no launch attempts)
| |
---|