From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound
Tricarbon monosulfide
(C
3
S) or
tricarbon sulfur
[1]
is a reactive molecular substance that has been detected in
outer space
. Tricarbon monosulfide is a
heterocumulene
or thiocumulene, consisting of a straight chain of three
carbon
atoms and a terminal
sulfur
atom.
[2]
Properties
[
edit
]
The
dipole moment
of tricarbon monosulfide is 3.704
debye
. The bond lengths are 1.275 A, for terminal C=C bond, 1.292 A for internal bond, and 1.535 A for the C=S bond. The similar bond lengths between the carbon atoms indicate they each have a
double bond
nature.
[2]
The rotational constants for
12
C
12
C
12
C
32
S are B
0
= 2890.38000 MHz and D
0
= 0.00022416.
[3]
There is a characteristic infrared absorption band at 2047.5 cm
?1
due to stretching of a C=C bond.
[1]
Formation
[
edit
]
Along with the related
dicarbon monosulfide
(CCS), tricarbon monosulfide was made by a glow discharge though
carbon disulfide
vapour in helium. Microwave emission lines from rotational transitions matched up with previously unknown molecular lines from the
Taurus molecular cloud 1
.
[4]
[3]
Maximal concentrations occurred with a carbon disulfide pressure of 0.02
torr
.
In molecular clouds, the formation mechanism is speculated to be CCS + CH → CCCS + H.
[5]
On dust grains, in space the formation mechanism is theorised to be:
CCC
+ H
2
S → C
3
?HSH → CCCS + H
2
when irradiated with visible or UV light. THis reaction has been reproduced in a solid argon matrix.
[1]
Natural occurrence
[
edit
]
Tricarbon monosulfide has been detected in
molecular clouds
in space, such as the
Taurus molecular cloud
[2]
and the
Kleinmann?Low Nebula
.
[6]
The ratio of
tricarbon monoxide
to tricarbon monosulfide reflects the ratio of sulfur to oxygen in the cloud. The ratio of concentration of sulfur to oxygen analogues follows the same pattern.
[2]
The clouds can be cold and dark, or warm.
[6]
CCCS has also been found in the stellar envelope of carbon-rich
AGB stars
, including in
IRC+10216
.
[7]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
Roehr, Nathan P.; Szczepanski, Jan; Fu, Yi; Polfer, Nicolas C.; Vala, Martin (26 November 2014). "Reaction of the C
3
(X
1
Σ
g
+
) carbon cluster with H
2
S(X
1
A
1
), hydrogen sulfide: Photon-induced formation of C
3
S, tricarbon sulfur".
The Journal of Chemical Physics
.
141
(20): 204310.
Bibcode
:
2014JChPh.141t4310R
.
doi
:
10.1063/1.4901891
.
ISSN
0021-9606
.
PMID
25429945
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Etim, E. E.; Onudibia, M. E.; Asuquo, J. E.; Ukafia, O. P.; Andrew, C.; Ushie, O. A. (April 2017).
"Interstellar C
3
S: Different Dipole Moment, Different Column Density, Same Astronomical Source"
(PDF)
.
FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal
.
2
(1B): 574?577.
- ^
a
b
Yamamoto, Satoshi; Saito, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Kentarou; Kaifu, Norio; Suzuki, Hiriko; Ohishi, Masatoshi (15 June 1987).
"Laboratory detection of a new carbon-chain molecule C3S and its astronomical identification"
.
Astrophysical Journal
.
317
(2): L119?L121.
Bibcode
:
1987ApJ...317L.119Y
.
doi
:
10.1086/184924
.
- ^
Saito, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Kentarou; Yamamoto, Satoshi; Ohishi, Masatoshi; Suzuki, Hiriko; Kaifu, Norio (15 June 1987).
"Laboratory detection and astronomical identification of a new free radical, CCS(
3
Σ
−
)"
.
Astrophysical Journal
.
317
: L115?L118.
Bibcode
:
1987ApJ...317L.115S
.
doi
:
10.1086/184923
.
- ^
Sakai, Nami; Ikeda, Masafumi; Morita, Masaru; Sakai, Takeshi; Takano, Shuro; Osamura, Yoshihiro; Yamamoto, Satoshi (10 July 2007).
"Production Pathways of CCS and CCCS Inferred from Their
13
C Isotopic Species"
.
The Astrophysical Journal
.
663
(2): 1174?1179.
Bibcode
:
2007ApJ...663.1174S
.
doi
:
10.1086/518595
.
- ^
a
b
Tercero, B.; Cernicharo, J.; Pardo, J. R.; Goicoechea, J. R. (17 August 2010). "A line confusion limited millimeter survey of Orion-KL I. Sulfur carbon chains".
Astronomy and Astrophysics
.
517
: A96.
arXiv
:
1004.2711
.
Bibcode
:
2010A&A...517A..96T
.
doi
:
10.1051/0004-6361/200913501
.
S2CID
119251515
.
- ^
Bell, M. B.; Avery, L. W.; Feldman, P. A. (1993). "C
3
S and C
5
S in IRC +10216".
Astrophysical Journal Letters
.
417
: L37.
Bibcode
:
1993ApJ...417L..37B
.
doi
:
10.1086/187088
.