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Toshigami

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Toshigami
Harvest, grain
Other names Toshigami (大年神)
年神 or ?神 Japanese
Personal information
Parents
Siblings Ukanomitama
Consorts
  • Ino-hime ( 伊怒比? )
  • Kaguyo-hime ( 香用比? )
  • Amechikarumizu-hime ( 天知迦流美豆比? )
Offspring Oyamakui no Kami

Toshigami ( 年神 or ?神 , Toshigami or Tomo , lit. "year god") , also known as ?toshi-no-kami ( 大年神 , lit. "great year god") , is a Japanese kami and a part of the Shinto pantheon .

Etymology [ edit ]

The 年 (nen) kanji originally meant "harvest", which became "year" over time as harvest happened once each year. Toshigami was therefore the god of abundant harvests, and specifically of grain or rice. [1] [2] The character 神 (kami) literally means "god" or "deity".

Mythology [ edit ]

Parentage and siblings [ edit ]

According to the Kojiki , Toshigami was the son of Susanoo and Kamuo Ichihime and the older brother of Ukanomitama . [1] [2]

Family [ edit ]

Toshigami had offspring through three different wives: Ino-hime ( 伊怒比? ) , Kaguyo-hime ( 香用比? ) , and Amechikarumizu-hime ( 天知迦流美豆比? ) . [1] Through Ino-hime, his children include Ohokuni-mitama ( 大?御魂神 ) , Kara-kami ( 韓神 ) , [3] Sofuri-kami ( 曾富理神 ) , Shirahi-no-kami ( 白日神 ) , and Hijiri-no-kami ( 聖神 ) . His children by Kaguyo-hime include ?kaguyama-tomi ( 大香山?臣神 ) and Mitoshi-no-kami ( 御年神 ) . With Amechikarumizu-hime, he had Okitsu-hiko-no-kami ( ?津日子神 ) , Okitsu-hime-no-mikoto ( ?津比?命 ) , Oyamakui-no-kami ( 大山?神 ) , [4] Niwa-tsuhi-no-kami ( 庭津日神 ) , Asuha-no-kami , Hahiki-no-kami , Kaguyama-tomi-no-kami ( 香山?臣神 ) , Hayamato-no-kami ( 羽山?神 ) , Niwataka-tsuhi-no-kami ( 庭高津日神 ) , and ?tsuchi-no-kami ( 大土神 ) .

Family tree [ edit ]

?yamatsumi [5] [6] [7] Susanoo [8] [9] [10] : 277 
Kamuo Ichihime [6] [7] [11] [12]
Konohanachiru-hime [13] [10] : 277  Ashinazuchi [14] [15] Tenazuchi [15] Toshigami [12] [11] Ukanomitama [6] [7]
( Inari ) [16]
Oyamakui [17]
Kushinadahime [15] [18] [10] : 277 
Yashimajinumi [13] [10] : 277 
Kagutsuchi [19]
Kuraokami [20]
Hikawahime  [ ja ] [21] [10] : 278  Fuha-no-Mojikunusunu  [ ja ] [10] : 278 
Fukabuchi-no-Mizuyarehana  [ ja ] [10] : 278  Ame-no-Tsudoechine  [ ja ] [10] : 278  Funozuno  [ ja ] [10] : 278 
Sashikuni Okami  [ ja ] [10] : 278  Omizunu [10] : 278  Futemimi  [ ja ] [10] : 278 
Sashikuni Wakahime  [ ja ] [10] : 278  Ame-no-Fuyukinu [22] [23] [10] : 278  Takamimusubi [24] [25]
Futodama [24] [25]
Nunakawahime [26] ?kuninushi [27] [10] : 278 
(?namuchi) [28] 		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto [29]
Kotoshironushi [30] [31] Tamakushi-hime [29] Takeminakata [32] [33] Susa Clan [34]

JAPANESE
EMPERORS
711?585 BC

Jimmu [35]
660?585 BC ( 1 ) 		Himetataraisuzu-hime [35] Kamo no Okimi [30] [36] Mirahime  [ ja ]
632?549 BC

Suizei [37] [38] [39]
581?549 BC ( 2 ) 		Isuzuyori-hime [36] [40] Hikoyai [37] [38] [39] Kamuyaimimi [37] [38] [39]
d.577 BC 		Miwa clan and Kamo clan Nunasokonakatsu-hime [41] [30]
Imperial House of Japan ? clan [42] [43] and Aso clan [44]
  • Pink is female.
  • Blue is male.
  • Grey means other or unknown.
  • Clans, families, people groups are in green.

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ a b c 大年神 [?toshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kokugakuin University . Archived from the original on 5 June 2023 . Retrieved 5 May 2023 .
  2. ^ a b 大年神 [?toshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kotobank . Archived from the original on 5 June 2023 . Retrieved 5 May 2023 .
  3. ^ ?安洋 (October 1989). 平安時代の「遊び」:「古今和歌集」をめぐって [Playing in the Heian Period: Disputing the "Kokin Wakash?"]. ?浜?立大?人文紀要 第一類 哲??社?科? (in Japanese). 35 . Yokohama National University : 129?140. ISSN   0513-5621 . Archived from the original on 6 June 2023.
  4. ^ "?toshi | 國學院大學デジタルミュ?ジアム" . 2022-08-17. Archived from the original on 2022-08-17 . Retrieved 2023-11-14 .
  5. ^ Kaoru, Nakayama (7 May 2005). "?yamatsumi" . Encyclopedia of Shinto . Retrieved 2010-09-29 .
  6. ^ a b c Chamberlain (1882). Section XIX.?The Palace of Suga.
  7. ^ a b c Chamberlain (1882). Section XX.?The August Ancestors of the Deity-Master-of-the-Great-Land.
  8. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (10 May 2005). "Susanoo" . Encyclopedia of Shinto . Retrieved 2010-09-29 .
  9. ^ "Susanoo | Description & Mythology" . Encyclopedia Britannica .
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan . Routledge Library Editions: Japan. Taylor & Francis. p. 402. ISBN   978-1-136-90376-2 . Retrieved 2020-11-21 .
  11. ^ a b 大年神 [?toshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kotobank . Archived from the original on 5 June 2023 . Retrieved 5 May 2023 .
  12. ^ a b 大年神 [?toshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kokugakuin University . Archived from the original on 5 June 2023 . Retrieved 5 May 2023 .
  13. ^ a b Mori, Mizue. "Yashimajinumi" . Kokugakuin University Encyclopedia of Shinto .
  14. ^ Frederic, L.; Louis-Frederic; Roth, K. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia . Harvard University Press reference library. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-01753-5 . Retrieved 2020-11-21 .
  15. ^ a b c "My Shinto: Personal Descriptions of Japanese Religion and Culture" . www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp . Retrieved 2023-10-16 .
  16. ^ “‘My Own Inari’: Personalization of the Deity in Inari Worship.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 23, no. 1/2 (1996): 87-88
  17. ^ "?toshi | 國學院大學デジタルミュ?ジアム" . 2022-08-17. Archived from the original on 2022-08-17 . Retrieved 2023-11-14 .
  18. ^ "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Kami in Classic Texts : Kushinadahime" . eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp .
  19. ^ "Kagutsuchi" . World History Encyclopedia .
  20. ^ Ashkenazi, M. (2003). Handbook of Japanese Mythology . Handbooks of world mythology. ABC-CLIO. p. 213. ISBN   978-1-57607-467-1 . Retrieved 2020-11-21 .
  21. ^ Chamberlain, B.H. (2012). Kojiki: Records of Ancient Matters . Tuttle Classics. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4629-0511-9 . Retrieved 2020-11-21 .
  22. ^ Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki . Princeton University Press. p. 92.
  23. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XX.?The August Ancestors of the Deity-Master-Of-The-Great Land.
  24. ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, R. A. B. (2014-06-03). Studies In Shinto & Shrines . Routledge. ISBN   978-1-136-89294-3 .
  25. ^ a b "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Kami in Classic Texts : Futodama" . eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp . Retrieved 2021-07-13 .
  26. ^ Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki . Princeton University Press. pp. 104?112.
  27. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "?kuninushi" . Encyclopedia of Shinto . Retrieved 2010-09-29 .
  28. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "?namuchi" . Encyclopedia of Shinto . Retrieved 2010-09-29 .
  29. ^ a b The Emperor's Clans: The Way of the Descendants, Aogaki Publishing, 2018.
  30. ^ a b c Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinn? Sh?t?ki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns . Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN   9780231049405 .
  31. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (28 April 2005). "Kotoshironushi" . Encyclopedia of Shinto . Retrieved 2010-09-29 .
  32. ^ Sendai Kuji Hongi , Book 4 (先代舊事本紀 ?第四), in Keizai Zasshisha, ed. (1898). Kokushi-taikei, vol. 7 (?史大系 第7?) . Keizai Zasshisha. pp. 243?244.
  33. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XXIV.?The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.
  34. ^ Tanigawa Ken'ichi  [ de ] 『日本の神? 神社と聖地 7 山陰』（新?復刊） 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978-4-560-02507-9
  35. ^ a b Kazuhiko, Nishioka (26 April 2005). "Isukeyorihime" . Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21 . Retrieved 2010-09-29 .
  36. ^ a b 『神話の中のヒメたち　もうひとつの古事記』p94-97「初代皇后は「神の御子」」
  37. ^ a b c 日本人名大?典+Plus, デジタル版. "日子八井命とは" . コトバンク (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2022-06-01 .
  38. ^ a b c ANDASSOVA, Maral (2019). "Emperor Jinmu in the Kojiki" . Japan Review (32): 5?16. ISSN   0915-0986 . JSTOR   26652947 .
  39. ^ a b c "Visit Kusakabeyoshimi Shrine on your trip to Takamori-machi or Japan" . trips.klarna.com . Retrieved 2023-03-04 .
  40. ^ 『??　?代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
  41. ^ Anston, p. 143 (Vol. 1)
  42. ^ Grapard, Allan G. (2023-04-28). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History . University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-91036-2 .
  43. ^ Tenri Journal of Religion . Tenri University Press. 1968.
  44. ^ Takano, Tomoaki; Uchimura, Hiroaki (2006). History and Festivals of the Aso Shrine . Aso Shrine, Ichinomiya, Aso City.: Aso Shrine.

External links [ edit ]

  • The dictionary definition of toshigami at Wiktionary
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