Date, Name
|
Electric Motor Chronology
|
Selected Patents
|
1740s,
Andrew Gordon
and
Benjamin Franklin
|
British (Gordon), American (Franklin); experimentation with
electrostatic motors
.
[1]
[2]
|
|
1820,
Hans Christian Ørsted
|
Danish, physicist and chemist; first to note a
compass
needle deflected from
magnetic
north when an electric current from a battery was switched on and off, confirming a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
|
|
|
1820,
Andre-Marie Ampere
|
French, physicist; invented the
solenoid
.
[3]
[6]
|
|
1821
Michael Faraday
|
British, scientist; showed continuous
'electromagnetic rotation'
resulted by suspending a magnetic wire in an electric field;
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
|
|
|
1822,
Peter Barlow
|
British, physicist; invented
Barlow's wheel
, the first device ever powered by electromagnetism.
[3]
[5]
[6]
[7]
|
|
|
1824,
Francois Arago
|
French, physicist; showed a rotating copper disk produced rotation in a magnetic needle suspended above it, which Faraday later attributed to induction phenomena.
[6]
[8]
[9]
|
|
|
1828,
Anyos Jedlik
|
Hungarian, physicist and unsung father of the dynamo and electric motor; invented the first commutated rotary electromechanical machine with electromagnets.
[3]
[5]
He invented the
commutator
. In 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical
DC
motors: the
stator
,
rotor
and commutator.
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
|
|
|
Before 1830,
Johann Michael Ekling
|
Austrian, mechanic; constructed an electric motor according to the plans of Austrian physicist Andreas von Baumgartner.
[17]
|
|
|
1831
Michael Faraday
|
British, scientist; discovered and investigated induction law in terms of electric current generation in a varying magnetic field.
[3]
[5]
[6]
[18]
|
|
1831,
Joseph Henry
|
American, physicist; Created a mechanical rocker, which he however describes as a philosophical toy.
[3]
[6]
[18]
|
|
|
1825-1833
William Sturgeon
|
British, scientist; 1825 - invented the electro-magnet; 1833 - built first commutated rotating electric machine that was demonstrated in London.
[3]
|
|
|
1832?33,
Hippolyte Pixii
|
French, instrument maker, built the first AC generating apparatus out of a rotation; and, the following year, an oscillating DC generator.
[3]
[5]
[6]
[19]
|
|
|
1833,
Joseph Saxton
|
American, inventor; demonstrated a magneto-electric machine before the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
[18]
|
|
|
1833,
Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz
|
German; formulated the law of reversibility of generators and motors.
[3]
[4]
[6]
|
|
|
1834?1839,
Moritz von Jacobi
|
German-Russian, engineer and physicist; built a 15 watt motor in 1834 submitted to the Academy of Sciences in Paris with details published in 1835; demonstrated first use of electric motor to propel a boat; first real useful rotary electrical motor.
[3]
[5]
[6]
[18]
[20]
|
|
|
1837,
Thomas Davenport
and
Emily Davenport
|
American, blacksmith-inventor and inventor; obtained first US electric motor patent.
[3]
[5]
[7]
[18]
|
US 132
|
|
1837?1842,
Robert Davidson
|
Scottish, inventor; developed electric motors for a lathe and a locomotive.
[3]
[5]
[18]
[20]
|
|
|
1838, Solomon Stimpson
|
American; built a 12-pole electric motor with segmental commutator.
[7]
[18]
[20]
|
US 910
|
|
1840, Truman Cook
|
American; built electric motor with a PM armature.
[18]
[20]
|
US 1735
|
|
1845,
Paul-Gustav Froment
|
French, engineer and instrument maker; first of various motors; first motor translated linear "electromagnetic piston's" energy to wheel's rotary motion. See also
Mouse mill motor
.
[6]
[18]
[20]
[21]
|
|
|
1856,
Werner Siemens
|
German, industrialist; invented generator with a double-T armature and slots windings.
[3]
[6]
|
|
|
1861?1864,
James Clerk Maxwell
|
British, scientist; reduced electromagnetism knowledge in four key equations.
[3]
[5]
[6]
|
|
|
1871?1873,
Zenobe Theophile Gramme
|
Belgian, engineer; developed the anchor ring motor which solved the double-T armature pulsating DC problem; at Vienna exhibition, demonstrated to great effect ability to transmit between generator and motor 1 km apart.
[3]
[6]
|
|
|
1879,
Walter Baily
|
British; based on
Arago's rotations
, by manual switching on and off, developed the first primitive commutatorless induction motor.
[4]
[9]
|
|
|
1880,
Marcel Deprez
|
French engineer; by the progressive shifting of a magnetic field through the mechanical commutator in regular order around a center, electric currents are being developed by induction in a rotating metal mass without sliding contacts or commutator.
[22]
|
|
|
1885,
Galileo Ferraris
|
Italian, physicist and engineer; invented the first AC commutatorless induction motor using two-phase AC windings in space quadrature. Delivered a paper on it in April 1888.
[3]
[4]
[9]
[23]
|
|
|
1887, M. Borel
|
Constructed a two phase motor where the rotor is set in rotation by the combined rotating field produced with two sets of coils.
[24]
|
|
|
1887, Helios Co.
|
Based on Coerper's patent, Helios Co. constructed the first 3-phase motor with three slip-rings. The project was dropped in 1890 as they could get satisfactory results using a 2-phase current.
[25]
|
|
1887,
Friedrich August Haselwander
|
Friedrich August Haselwander develops the first AC 3 phase synchronous generator in Europe. The patent application filed in July 1887. His first generator of this type went into operation in October 1887.
[26]
[27]
|
|
|
1887, Charles S. Bradley
|
Motor/generators with a Gramme ring, having multiple radial connectors, led off at corresponding symmetrical points to slip-rings. He thus obtained alternate currents differing in phase.
[28]
|
US390439A
|
|
1887?1891,
Nikola Tesla
|
Serbian-American, engineer and inventor; having worked independently from Ferraris, presented a paper in May, 1888 to
AIEE
describing three patented two-phase four-stator-pole motor types: one with a four-pole rotor forming a non-self-starting reluctance motor, another with a wound rotor forming a self-starting induction motor, and the third a true synchronous motor with separately-excited DC supply to rotor winding.
Westinghouse
acquired exclusive rights to the Tesla patents as well as the Ferraris design and retain Tesla as a consultant for a short time to work on development of these motors.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[9]
|
US 0,381,968
US 0,381,969
US 0,382,279
US 0,382,280
|
|
1886,
Frank Julian Sprague
|
American, industrialist; development of new constant-speed DC motor, which allowed the Sprague company to issue the world's "first important industrial electric motor catalogue".
[29]
|
|
|
1889?90,
Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
|
Polish-Russian, engineer and inventor; invented the first cage and wound rotor versions of the three-phase induction motor that are still widely in use today.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[9]
|
|
|