From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Listing of important events
The
Croat?Bosniak War
was a conflict between the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and the
Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia
, supported by
Croatia
, that lasted from 19 June 1992 – 23 February 1994. The Croat-Bosniak War is often referred to as a "war within a war" because it was part of the larger
Bosnian War
.
1991
[
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]
March
[
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]
November
[
edit
]
- 12 November 1991: Croatian political leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Mate Boban
and
Dario Kordi?
signed a document about a common Croatian state: "the Croatian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina must finally embrace a determined and active policy which will realise our eternal dream ? a common Croatian state".
[3]
- 18 November 1991: The
Croatian Democratic Union
(HDZ) party branch in Bosnia and Herzegovina, proclaimed the existence of the
Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia
, as a separate "political, cultural, economic and territorial whole," on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[4]
1992
[
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]
April
[
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]
- 8 April 1992: The
Croatian Defence Council
(
Hrvatsko vije?e obrane, HVO
) was established in
Grude
as the official military formation of the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia.
- 10 April 1992: Mate Boban decreed that the
Bosnian Territorial Defence
(TO), which had been created the day before, was illegal on territory of the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia.
[6]
- 15 April 1992: The
Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(
Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, ARBiH
) was established by the Bosnian leadership.
- 21 April 1992: Croatian Crisis Staff took over the powers of the
Kiseljak
Municipal
Assembly
, although under the
constitution
of Bosnia and Herzegovina, only the Municipal Assembly is entitled to exercise those powers, which led to many discriminatory measures against the Bosnian Muslim authorities and
population
in Kiseljak.
[8]
- 6 May 1992: The
Graz agreement
between
Bosnian Serb
leader
Radovan Karad?i?
and
Bosnian Croat
leader Mate Boban. It was meant to stop the conflict between Serb and Croat forces. The two sides ultimately parted ways, without signing any agreement.
- 9 May 1992:
Bla? Kraljevi?
, commander of the
Croatian Defence Forces
(HOS) armed group in
Herzegovina
, publicly opposed the Graz agreement and stood up to the Croat leadership in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[10]
- 10 May 1992: Croats issued an ultimatum to all Bosnian military units in
Busova?a
calling on them to surrender their weapons and to place themselves under Croat command.
[11]
- 11 May 1992:
Tihomir Bla?ki?
declared the Bosnian Territorial Defence (TO) illegal on the territory of the
Kiseljak
municipality.
[3]
- 22 May 1992: Bosnian state organs in the Busova?a municipality were abolished. Bosniaks were forced to sign an act of
allegiance
to the Croat authorities, fell victim to numerous attacks on shops and businesses and, gradually, left the area out of
fear
that they would be the victims of mass crimes.
[11]
June
[
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]
- June 1992: Croat military formations took over the
headquarters
in Vitez and the Municipal Assembly building and raised the
flags
of Herzeg-Bosnia and of Croatia.
[12]
- 15 June 1992: Croatian Crisis Staff imposed the
Croatian dinar
"on the territory of the Kiseljak municipality as the
currency
of account" and ordered that "all commercial service companies [were] obliged to display the prices of products and services in Croatian dinars".
[8]
- 19 June 1992: Short armed confrontation between the ARBiH and HVO occurred in Novi Travnik.
July
[
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]
August
[
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]
- August 1992: The HVO launched attacks on the
villages
of Duhri, Potkraj, Radanovi?i and Topole in the
municipality
of Kiseljak, which involved more violent incidents, including setting fire to homes where Bosnian Muslims lived and vandalising their businesses.
[16]
- 9 August 1992: HOS Commander Bla? Kraljevi? was killed at a checkpoint in the village of Kru?evo by the HVO.
- 23 August 1992: HVO and HOS leaders in Herzegovina agreed to incorporate the HOS into the HVO.
- August 1992: In
Travnik
, Dario Kordi? and Ignac Ko?troman addressed Croat troops with the message that those who do not wish to live in the Croatian
provinces
of Herzeg-Bosnia are all enemies and must be fought with both political and military means.
[18]
- August 1992: In Vitez, the gist of Kordi?'s speech was a statement to the Muslims of the
La?va Valley
that this was Croat land and that they had to accept it.
[18]
September
[
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]
- 5 September 1992: Presidency of the
Croatian Democratic Union
(HDZ) in
Travnik
stated that the Croats in the municipality refused
unitary State of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and accepted only the HVO government.
[18]
- 7 September 1992: On 7 September, HVO demanded that the Bosniak militiamen withdraw from Croatian suburbs of Stup, Bare, Azi?i, Otes, Dogladi and parts of Nedzarici in Sarajevo and issued an ultimatum.
- 18 September 1992: Decrees relating to the
Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia
(including that to establish it on 18 November 1991) were annulled by the Bosnia and Herzegovina
Constitutional Court
.
[19]
- 30 September 1992: Croat leadership in
Kakanj
municipality met with Dario Kordi?, as vice-president of Herzeg-Bosnia, who stated that they would not take Kakanj by force but it would be given to them because Muslims were losing morale and they wouldn't be strong enough to confront realisation of the Croatian political platform.
[20]
October
[
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]
- 19 October 1992: The
Croatian flag
was raised on the
police station
in
Prozor
, located in the northern part of Herzegovina.
[4]
- 19?26 October 1992: The conflict between
Croatian Defence Council
(HVO) and
Bosnian Army
(ARBiH) broke out again in
Novi Travnik
when the HVO attacked a Bosnian Army unit in the
fire brigade
building. It is assumed that the cause of the conflict was a
demand
by the HVO to be allowed to take over the Bratstvo
ammunition
factory
which the Bosnian Army refused.
[21]
- 19 October 1992: During the early part of the conflict in Novi Travnik, the local TO, on orders from their superiors, put up a
barricade
in
Ahmi?i
in the Vitez municipality on the main road through the La?va Valley in order to prevent HVO reinforcements reaching Novi Travnik.
[22]
- 20 October 1992: Early in the morning the HVO attacked the Ahmi?i barricade. The
houses
were set on fire, the
minaret
of the
mosque
was hit and a 16-year-old boy was killed. The attack lasted all morning until the people manning the barricade ran out of
ammunition
and the checkpoint was then removed.
[22]
- 20 October 1992: The HVO took over
Vitez
police station
and expelled the Bosnian Muslim
police officers
.
[23]
- 22 October 1992: A general
cease-fire
for the Vitez municipality was signed.
[22]
- 23 October 1992: Croat forces attacked Bosnian Muslims in Prozor town and started
ethnic cleansing
which included different forms of violence.
[24]
[25]
- 24 October 1992: Croat forces attacked Paljike, a predominantly Bosniak village approximately one kilometer south of Prozor town, deliberately destroyed houses and property, killed some of the
villagers
, and the next day transferred the others to the Ripci primary school where Bosnian Muslims from Prozor were detained.
[4]
- 24 October 1992: On the evening, an area HVO commander reported that Prozor town was "ethnically pure" and "the Muslim population having been detained or having fled".
[4]
- 24?25 October 1992: Shortly after Croat forces attacked Bosnian Muslims in neighbouring Prozor municipality, the HVO and Bosnian Army engaged in fighting in
Gornji Vakuf
town
, and the HVO seized control of several factories and the Ministry of Interior building.
[4]
- 26 October 1992:
Bruno Stoji?
,
Milivoj Petkovi?
,
Janko Bobetko
and others were informed that the Croat forces had taken control of Prozor on 25 October, with many
casualties
on the Muslim side.
[4]
November
[
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]
- 4 November 1992:
Jajce
, a town north-east of
Travnik
, which had been under siege by the
Serb
forces and which was defended by a combined Bosniak and Croat force, had fallen, releasing a flood of
refugees
into the area of Travnik and
Zenica
.
[23]
December
[
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]
- December 1992: The Croat forces had taken control of the municipalities of the La?va Valley and had only met significant opposition in Novi Travnik and Ahmi?i. Much of Central Bosnia therefore was in the hands of the Croat forces.
[23]
1993
[
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]
January
[
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]
- 2 January 1993: The Vance?Owen peace plan was proposed in
Geneva
.
- 11 January 1993: Clashes between the HVO and the ARBiH started in
Gornji Vakuf
.
- 18 January 1993:
Du?a killings
, 7 Bosniak civilians killed during the HVO shelling of village
Du?a
.
- 24 January 1993: 2 HVO soldiers killed in an ambush by the ARBiH.
- 26 January 1993: The ARBiH killed 6 Croats and a Serb civilian in the village of Dusina near Zenica.
March
[
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]
- 28 March 1993: Tuđman and Izetbegovi? sign an agreement to establish a joint Croat-Bosniak military in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
April
[
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]
- 13 April 1993: Four HVO soldiers were kidnapped by the mujahideen outside
Novi Travnik
.
- 14 April 1993: Conflict between ARBiH and HVO escalates in Konjic and Jablanica.
- 15 April 1993: The mujahideen kidnapped HVO commander ?ivko Toti? in Zenica and killed his escort. A joint ARBiH-HVO commission was formed to investigate the case.
- 16 April 1993:
Ahmi?i massacre
, HVO troops killed at least 103 Bosniak civilians.
- 16 April 1993:
Trusina killings
, ARBiH troops killed 18 Croat civilians and 4 POWs in the village of
Trusina
.
[35]
- 24 April 1993: Four Croat civilians killed by the mujahideen upon taking the village of Mileti?i near Travnik.
- 6 May 1993: Bosnian Serbs reject the Vance?Owen plan on a referendum.
- 9 May 1993: Fierce fighting escalates in
Mostar
.
- 10 May 1993: HVO captures the
Vranica
building in Mostar, 10 Bosniak POWs were killed.
June
[
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]
- 4 June 1993: ARBiH troops attack HVO positions in Travnik.
- 8 June 1993: Mujahideen forces killed at least 24 Croat civilians and POWs near the village of Biko?i.
- 10 June 1993: Eight Croat children were killed in a playground during the ARBiH shelling of Vitez.
- 10 June 1993: Convoy of Joy incident, Croat refugees and HVO soldiers block and ambush an aid convoy heading for Tuzla. Eight Bosniak drivers and two HVO soldiers were killed.
- 12 June 1993: HVO Kiseljak and the Serb forces from Ilid?a in village Grahovci (between Kiseljak and Ilid?a) kill 37 Bosniak civilians.
- 13 June 1993: ARBiH had taken control of
Travnik
and the surrounding villages.
- 16 June 1993: The ARBiH takes control over
Kakanj
.
- 30 June 1993:
Battle of ?ep?e
ends with HVO securing the town of
?ep?e
, while ARBiH secures nearby
Zavidovi?i
.
July
[
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]
- 2 July 1993: ARBiH attacks and captures
Fojnica
.
- 25 July 1993: Battle of Bugojno ends, ARBiH takes control of the city.
August
[
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]
- 1 August 1993: ARBiH takes control over most of Gornji Vakuf, HVO remains in the southwestern part of the town.
September
[
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]
- 7 September 1993: the
Parliament of Croatia
recognized Herzeg-Bosnia as a possible form of sovereignty for Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- 8?9 September 1993:
Massacre in Grabovica
, at least 13, and as many as 35 Croats were killed in the village of Grabovica by members of the ARBiH.
- 14 September 1993: ARBiH attacked the village of
Uzdol
during the
Uzdol massacre
in which 29 Croat civilians and one HVO prisoner were killed by the Prozor Independent Battalion.
[48]
October
[
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]
- 22 October 1993: Tuđman instructed ?u?ak and Bobetko to continue to support Herzeg-Bosnia, believing that "the future borders of the Croatian state are being resolved there."
- 23 October 1993:
Stupni Do massacre
, 36 Bosniaks were killed by the HVO in the village of
Stupni Do
.
November
[
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]
- 9 November 1993: Old Bridge in Mostar was destroyed by the HVO.
December
[
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]
1994
[
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]
January
[
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]
- 9 January 1994: Massacre in Buhine Ku?e, near
Vitez
: Bosniak forces killed 26 Croat civilians, including 8 children.
[50]
- 24 January 1994:
Operation Tvigi 94
, HVO forces claimed the village of
Here
from the ARBiH.
February
[
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]
- 23 February 1994: The Croat-Bosniak war officially ended when the Commander of HVO, general Ante Roso and commander of Bosnian Army, general Rasim Deli?, signed a ceasefire agreement in Zagreb. In March 1994 a peace agreement mediated by the USA between the warring Croats (represented by Republic of Croatia) and Bosnia and Herzegovina was signed in Washington and Vienna which is known as the Washington Agreement. Under the agreement, the combined territory held by the Croat and Bosnian government forces was divided into ten autonomous cantons, establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
"ICTY: Naletili? and Martinovi? verdict ? A. Historical background"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2011-08-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
- ^
a
b
"ICTY Bla?ki? verdict ? III. FACTS AND DISCUSSION ? A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 ? January 1993 ? Page 123"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2011-06-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
"ICTY: Prli? et al. (IT-04-74)"
.
Archived
from the original on 2010-06-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-25
.
- ^
"ICTY: Bla?ki? verdict ? A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 ? January 1993"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2011-06-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
- ^
a
b
"ICTY: Bla?ki? verdict ? A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 ? January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2011-06-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
- ^
Lukic, Reneo; Lynch, Allen (1996).
Europe From the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union
.
Oxford University Press
. p. 215.
- ^
a
b
"ICTY: Bla?ki? verdict ? A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 ? January 1993 ? b) The municipality of Busova?a"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2011-06-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
- ^
"ICTY: Bla?ki? verdict ? A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 ? January 1993 ? a) The municipality of Vitez"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2011-06-06
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
- ^
ICTY ? Kordic and Cerkez judgment ? II. PERSECUTION: THE HVO TAKE-OVERS C. The HVO Take-Over in Other Municipalities ?
[1]
Archived
2012-06-29 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
ICTY ? Blaskic Judgement ? A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 ? January 1993 ? c) The municipality of Kiseljak
[2]
Archived
2011-06-06 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
a
b
c
ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement ? III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT ? A. July ? September 1992 ? 1. The Role of Dario Kordic ?
[3]
Archived
2012-06-29 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
ICTY ? Kordic and Cerkez Judgement ? 2. Ruling of the BiH Constitutional Court
[4]
Archived
2012-06-29 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement ? III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT ? A. July ? September 1992 ? 1. The Role of Dario Kordic"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 29 June 2012
. Retrieved
8 January
2010
.
On 30 September 1992 Kordic, as Vice-President of HZ H-B, was present at a meeting of the Presidency of the Kakanj HVO, a neighbouring municipality to Vares. The minutes of the meeting record Kordic as saying that the HVO was the government of the HZ H-B and what they were doing with the HZ H-B was the realisation of a complete political platform: they would not take Kakanj by force but "it is a question of time whether we will take or give up what is ours. It has been written down that Vares and Kakanj are in HZ H-B. The Muslims are losing morale and then it will end with 'give us what you will'".
- ^
"ICTY ? Kordic and Cerkez Judgement ? 1. Conflict in Novi Travnik"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2012-06-29
. Retrieved
2010-01-08
.
- ^
a
b
c
"ICTY ? Kordic and Cerkez Judgement ? 2. Ahmici Barricade"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2012-06-29
. Retrieved
2010-01-08
.
- ^
a
b
c
"ICTY ? Kordic and Cerkez Judgement ? 3. After the Conflict"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2012-06-29
. Retrieved
2010-01-08
.
- ^
"SENSE Tribunal: ICTY ? EVICT, BURN AND EXPEL"
.
The Prozor main street was "a mess", there were signs of shelling everywhere, almost every fifth house had been burned down, and the soldiers were busy looting the shops. In those events in Prozor, Vuillamy recognized the "pattern of ethnic cleansing" he had seen as a war correspondent in the operations the Serb forces had launched in eastern Croatia and north-western Bosnia. He summed up the pattern as follows for the judges: "Evict them, burn them and expel them!"
- ^
SENSE Tribunal: ICTY ? "THE MOST POWERFUL MEN IN THE HERCEG BOSNA PROJECT" ON TRIAL ?
"SENSE Tribunal : ICTY"
. Archived from
the original
on 2007-11-10
. Retrieved
2012-01-28
.
- ^
"Three Bosniak Soldiers Convicted of Trusina Massacre"
. justice-report.com. 2015.
Archived
from the original on 2016-03-04
. Retrieved
2016-03-27
.
- ^
"Judgement in the Case the Prosecutor v. Sefer Halilovic"
.
Archived
from the original on 2015-06-23
. Retrieved
2015-07-08
.
- ^
"Bosnian Croats Commemorate Anniversary of Unprosecuted Killings"
. Retrieved
1 July
2023
.
References
[
edit
]
- Central Intelligence Agency
, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002).
Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990?1995, Volume 1
. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency.
ISBN
978-0-16-066472-4
.
- Central Intelligence Agency
, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002).
Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990?1995, Volume 2
. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency.
ISBN
978-0-16-066472-4
.
- Christia, Fotini (2012).
Alliance Formation in Civil Wars
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-1-13985-175-6
.
- Maga?, Branka; ?ani?, Ivo (2001).
The War in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina 1991?1995
. London: Frank Cass.
ISBN
978-0-7146-8201-3
.
- Malcolm, Noel
(1995).
Povijest Bosne: kratki pregled
[
Bosnia: A Short History
]. Erasmus Gilda.
ISBN
9783895470820
.
- Ramet, Sabrina P. (2010). "Politics in Croatia since 1990". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.).
Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 258?285.
ISBN
978-1-139-48750-4
.
- Schindler, John R. (2007).
Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad
. New York City: Zenith Press.
ISBN
9780760330036
.
- Shrader, Charles R. (2003).
The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia: A Military History, 1992?1994
. College Station, Texas:
Texas A&M University Press
.
ISBN
978-1-58544-261-4
.
- "Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prli?, Bruno Stoji?, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petkovi?, Valentin ?ori?, Berislav Pu?i? ? Judgement ? Summary"
(PDF)
. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 May 2013.
- "Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prli?, Bruno Stoji?, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petkovi?, Valentin ?ori?, Berislav Pu?i? ? Judgement ? Volume 1 of 6"
(PDF)
. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 May 2013.
- "Prosecutor v. Had?ihasanovi? & Kubura Judgement Summary"
(PDF)
. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. March 2006.
- "Prosecutor v. Rasim Deli? Judgement Summary"
(PDF)
. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 15 September 2008.
- "Prosecutor v. Kordi? and ?erkez Judgement"
(PDF)
. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 26 February 2001.
- Myers, Linnet (6 May 1993).
"Bosnian Serbs Spurn Un Pact, Set Referendum"
. Chicago Tribune.
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Wars and conflicts
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Background
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Anti-war protests
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Ex-Yugoslav formed countries
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Unrecognized entities
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United Nations protectorate
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Armies
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Military formations and volunteers
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External factors
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Politicians
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Top military commanders
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Other notable commanders
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Key foreign figures
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| Prelude
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1991
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1992
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1993–94
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1995
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| Internment camps
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Other
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Overview
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Background
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Events and actors
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Independence referendums in Yugoslavia
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Republics and provinces
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Autonomy
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| Consequences
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Nationalism
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