British communications provider
This article is about the operation of Three in United Kingdom. For its global brand name, see
3 (telecommunications)
.
Hutchison 3G UK Limited
, trading as
Three UK
, is a
telecommunications
and
internet service provider
operating in the UK and based in
Reading
, England. It is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of
CK Hutchison Holdings
, a limited liability Cayman Islands company registered and listed in Hong Kong, China
[3]
Three is the fourth-largest mobile network operator in the United Kingdom, with about 10.3
million subscribers as of May 2023
[update]
.
The company launched on 3 March 2003 as the UK's first commercial 100%
3G
network. It provides 3G,
4G
and
5G
services through its own network infrastructure.
In June 2023, it was proposed that Three UK will merge with
Vodafone UK
.
History
[
edit
]
The Three mobile service was launched in the UK on 3 March 2003,
[4]
with handsets going on sale later that year. Three was the UK's first commercial
video mobile
(3G) network.
[5]
Three was the first network to meet its regulatory requirement of 80% population coverage in the UK, meeting this by 9 December 2004.
[6]
Three's first retail shops, called 3Store, opened at the same time as the network launched, on
Oxford Street
and
Kensington High Street
, both in London, and at the
Birmingham
Mailbox. Three also sold handsets, devices and contracts through independent and online retailers at the time. In 2005, Three expanded, and stores opened in larger shopping centres throughout the UK
[7]
On 24 October 2006, Three announced that it had purchased 95 high street shops from
O2
and
The Link
.
[8]
Three launched SeeMeTV, allowing its customers to submit their own video content that other subscribers could watch. Users would make a small
micropayment
(the price decided by the video's creator) to watch these videos. The user who created the videos would get paid 10% of the amount of money paid by other users to watch the video. Users were paid once they had accrued £10.
[9]
In 2010, Three became the fourth network in the UK to launch the
iPhone 4
after O2, Orange and Vodafone.
[10]
In July 2014, Three introduced the 3 inTouch app,
[11]
allowing customers to place calls through a
Wi-Fi
connection. Three customers can also access the Virgin
Wi-Fi
network implemented at over 130
London Underground
stations.
[12]
On 24 March 2015, Three's parent company Hutchison Whampoa announced it intended to acquire the UK operations of rival mobile network
O2
for £10.25 billion, subject to regulatory approval.
[13]
On 11 May 2016, EU commission blocked the deal on the grounds that it would affect competition in the UK market.
[14]
[15]
In November 2016, three men were arrested after a data breach at the Three mobile network allowed fraudsters to access personal data and steal phones. The company said that while names and addresses were accessed, some financial information might be compromised. Fraudsters were understood to have used authorised login information to order upgraded phones, including iPhone and Samsung handsets, to be sent to customers before intercepting them. Three, which had 9
million customers, said it believed around 400 phones had been stolen.
[16]
In early 2020, CEO of Three UK, Dave Dyson, resigned after nine years at the helm. He was replaced by
Three Ireland
's CEO, Robert Finnegan, who now manages both companies.
[17]
Three was the main shirt sponsor of
Premier League
club
Chelsea
since the
2020?21 season
.
[18]
[19]
On 10 March 2022 Three announced it was ending its sponsorship deal with Chelsea immediately, and asked the club to remove the company's logo from its kits.
[20]
On 14 June 2023, it was announced that subject to regulatory approval
Vodafone UK
and Three UK will merge to create Britain's biggest mobile network, with Vodafone owning 51% and CK Hutchison Holdings owning 49% of the new service.
[21]
[22]
The merger is expected to be finalised before the end of 2024, and would create a group with a combined 27
million mobile customers.
[23]
Network
[
edit
]
In order to provide coverage parity with other networks in the
UK
, Three initially maintained a
national roaming
agreement with an established
2G
network operator. Initially
O2
[24]
operated this service for Three customers. However,
Orange
was selected as the new national roaming partner from 10 May 2006.
[24]
In the early period of
3G
network, Orange 2G (acquired by
EE
in 2010)
[25]
[26]
was adopted in areas as a fallback where 3G wasn't available. The 2G fallback coverage provided by Orange has since been removed as Three believes 3G and
4G
technology is now sufficient for mass adoption - and as a result, older phones that support only 2G networks are not compatible with the Three network.
[27]
From 2013, Three no longer provides a significant 2G fallback for most of the United Kingdom.
On 18 December 2007,
T-Mobile
and Three launched a 50:50 joint venture called
Mobile Broadband Network Limited
(MBNL) which aimed to combine both of their 3G networks and provide almost complete 3G population coverage by the end of 2008.
[28]
On 12 November 2010, MBNL announced that the network had reached a total of 12,000 combined sites.
[29]
In 2022, Three announced its intention to decommission its 3G network by the end of 2024.
[30]
Three began a limited rollout of
4G LTE
services in December 2013 in
London
,
Birmingham
,
Manchester
and
Reading
[31]
expanding to over a further 450 locations by the end of 2014.
[32]
[33]
In August 2012 Three was given permission to use part of the 1,800
MHz
spectrum used by
EE's
4G network.
[34]
On 20 February 2013 Ofcom announced that Three had been awarded 2 x 5 MHz (10 MHz) of 800 MHz to use for 4G.
[35]
Three planned to launch 4G in the second quarter of 2013, however it delayed the rollout until Q4, saying that it wanted to analyse the performance of other networks' 4G coverage first.
[36]
The network provides LTE and
DC-HSDPA
service as a standard feature to all its subscribers using "Ultrafast" to describe both technologies, making it the cheapest price for 4G and the only unlimited 4G in the UK.
[37]
[38]
On 23 April 2015, Three announced that
VoLTE
would be rolled out along with 800 MHz spectrum from September.
[39]
Roaming at domestic prices
[
edit
]
Until 2009, Three subscribers in the UK,
Ireland
,
Austria
,
Italy
,
Denmark
,
Sweden
,
Hong Kong
and
Australia
could use their service on Three networks around the world for no extra charge with "3 Like Home".
[40]
The service was relaunched on 30 August 2013 as "Feel At Home" for UK customers visiting Australia, Austria, Denmark, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy and Sweden where calls, texts and data can be consumed without roaming charges; meaning they cost the same as for communication within the UK. Additional countries were subsequently added to "Feel At Home" including
Finland
,
France
,
Indonesia
,
Israel
,
Macau
,
New Zealand
,
Norway
,
Spain
,
Sri Lanka
,
Switzerland
and the United States.
[41]
The service was expanded to a further 24
European countries
in September 2016.
[42]
Three changed the name of its roaming proposition from "Feel at Home" to "Go Roam", which now covers 59 countries and territories since 2017. Three advertises that the service covers "71 destinations" because it counts several countries more than once. For example, Three counts "Ireland" and "
Republic of Ireland
" as two destinations, counts
Aland
in addition to
Finland
, counts two parts of Spain in addition to Spain, counts two parts of
Portugal
in addition to Portugal, and counts eight parts of France in addition to France.
[43]
"Go Roam" only covers roaming, and does not include non-roaming services such as international calls made from the UK. Despite promising to keep EU Roaming free of charge, Three UK changed its terms and conditions in September 2021. Customers acquiring new contracts or updates after that date will no longer have "Go Roam" free of charge. This benefit is now subject to a £2 per day for roaming in EU countries (except Ireland) and £5 per day when roaming outside the EU.
[44]
[45]
Frequency allocations
[
edit
]
Virtual operators
[
edit
]
The Three network is used by two
mobile virtual network operators
(MVNOs).
Dixons Carphone
launched its
iD Mobile
network in May 2015.
[48]
In June 2018, Three UK and sister company
Superdrug
entered an MVNO partnership to launch Superdrug Mobile, which is exclusive to members of Superdrug's Health & Beautycard loyalty scheme.
[49]
Merger proposals
[
edit
]
In 2015, Three UK proposed a £10.2bn merger with
O2 UK
, which would reduce the number of networks from four to three.
[50]
The deal would involve O2 owner
Telefonica
selling O2 UK to
CK Hutchson
(Three UK's owner) for £10.2bn,
[51]
and would have created the largest mobile network at the time. However, the plan was quickly blocked by the
European Commission
as it was expected to drive up prices and reduce competition.
[52]
In 2023,
Vodafone UK
struck a deal with Three UK to merge their UK businesses, subject to approval by the competition regulator. The combined company would have 27
million customers, which would make them the largest mobile network in the UK, surpassing
O2
which has 24
million customers and
EE
which has 20
million.
[21]
The deal would give
Vodafone Group
a 51% stake in the new business with
CK Hutchison
owning the remaining 49%. The companies claim that the deal would lead to £11bn of investment into 5G over the next 10 years.
[21]
[53]
Consumer group
Which?
raised concerns that the merger would risk lowering the quality of service and increasing prices due to less competition being present.
[21]
Smarty
[
edit
]
In August 2017, Three launched a
no frills
SIM-only brand called
Smarty
to compete against
O
2
's
giffgaff
[54]
and
Vodafone
's
VOXI
.
Awards
[
edit
]
In 2010, Three was voted Best Network for Mobile Broadband in a YouGov survey for the second year in a row.
[55]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Office locations"
.
Hutchison 3G UK Limited
. Retrieved
17 December
2020
.
- ^
"About us"
.
Hutchison 3G UK Limited
. Retrieved
17 December
2020
.
- ^
"HUTCHISON 3G UK HOLDINGS LIMITED - Filing History"
. Retrieved
2 February
2024
.
- ^
"3G goes live in the UK"
. BBC News. 3 March 2003
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
- ^
"Three: A network of firsts"
.
Hutchison 3G UK Limited
. 19 June 2017
. Retrieved
17 December
2020
.
- ^
"Three first to hit regulatory requirement for 3G coverage"
(Press release). 9 December 2004. Archived from
the original
on 22 July 2012
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
- ^
"3 brings next generation of mobile stores to life"
(Press release). 18 November 2005. Archived from
the original
on 11 August 2014
. Retrieved
25 February
2005
.
- ^
"3 acquires 95 prime-location stores from the Link and O2"
(Press release). 24 October 2006. Archived from
the original
on 17 July 2012
. Retrieved
25 February
2011
.
- ^
"People's channel 'SeeMeTV' tops 4 million downloads"
(Press release). 8 March 2006. Archived from
the original
on 11 August 2014
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
- ^
"Three UK will launch iPhone 4"
(Press release). Three UK. 10 June 2010. Archived from
the original
on 22 November 2011
. Retrieved
22 February
2012
.
- ^
"Three inTouch"
. Three UK. Archived from
the original
on 22 October 2014
. Retrieved
1 May
2015
.
- ^
"Free Wi-Fi on London Underground"
. Three UK
. Retrieved
1 May
2015
.
- ^
"Telefonica finalises £10bn sale of O2 mobile phone firm"
. BBC News. 24 March 2015
. Retrieved
24 March
2015
.
- ^
"EU blocks Three's takeover of O2"
. BBC News. 11 May 2016
. Retrieved
4 April
2017
.
- ^
"EU blocks Three's takeover of O2"
. Europa. 11 May 2016
. Retrieved
15 March
2019
.
- ^
"Three mobile data hack leaves 9 million customers at risk"
.
The Independent
. 18 November 2016.
Archived
from the original on 7 May 2022
. Retrieved
16 December
2020
.
- ^
"Three Ireland boss Finnegan to also lead operator's UK business"
. Irish Times. 5 March 2020
. Retrieved
16 April
2020
.
- ^
"Chelsea announces Three as new official shirt partner"
.
Chelsea Football Club
. 24 January 2020
. Retrieved
20 May
2020
.
- ^
Gwynn, Simon (24 January 2020).
"Chelsea FC unveils Three as next shirt sponsor"
.
CampaignLive
. Haymarket Media Group
. Retrieved
20 May
2020
.
- ^
"Chelsea's Jersey Sponsor Makes Shocking Decision Hours Before Norwich Clash"
. 10 March 2022.
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Vodafone Three deal to create UK's largest mobile firm"
.
BBC News
. 14 June 2023
. Retrieved
1 July
2023
.
- ^
"Three and Vodafone are merging. Here's what that means for your phone"
.
The Independent
. 14 June 2023
. Retrieved
14 June
2023
.
- ^
"Vodafone and Three agree UK merger to create biggest mobile player worth £15bn"
.
Sky News
. Retrieved
14 June
2023
.
- ^
a
b
"3 selects Orange as new national roaming partner"
(Press release). 10 May 2006. Archived from
the original
on 17 March 2012
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
- ^
Wray, Richard (11 May 2010).
"Orange and T-Mobile settle for Everything Everywhere"
.
The Guardian
. London
. Retrieved
22 October
2010
.
- ^
Clark, Nick (12 May 2010).
"Mobile giants promise Everything Everywhere"
.
The Independent
. London.
Archived
from the original on 7 May 2022
. Retrieved
22 October
2010
.
- ^
"3 starts killing off 2G coverage"
.
The Register
. 8 November 2010
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
- ^
"T-Mobile and 3 create Britain's largest 3G network"
(PDF)
(Press release). 18 December 2007
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
"Three and Everything Everywhere joint venturereaches 12,000 shared 3G sites"
(PDF)
(Press release). 12 November 2010
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
Mark Jackson (11 May 2022).
"Three UK Confirms Plan to Switch-Off 3G Mobile Service by 2024"
. ISPreview.co.uk
. Retrieved
27 April
2023
.
- ^
Orlowski, Andrew (5 December 2013).
"Three offers free US roaming, confirms stealth 4G rollout"
. The Register
. Retrieved
6 December
2013
.
- ^
"When will I get 4G"
. Three
. Retrieved
30 April
2015
.
- ^
a
b
c
Woods, Ben (28 August 2013).
"Three finally unveils 4G rollout plans: The stage is now set for UK's 4G future"
. The Next Web
. Retrieved
28 August
2013
.
- ^
"4G timetable agreed by UK mobile network operators"
. BBC News. 2 October 2012.
- ^
"Ofcom announces winners of the 4G mobile auction"
. Ofcom. 20 February 2013. Archived from
the original
on 5 September 2013
. Retrieved
28 August
2013
.
- ^
"Three UK Delays 4G Mobile Broadband Launch to Q4 2013"
. 27 March 2013
. Retrieved
31 March
2013
.
- ^
"Get ready for 4G at no extra cost"
. Three UK. Archived from
the original
on 11 December 2013
. Retrieved
6 December
2013
.
- ^
"Three to offer latest technology as standard with no price premium"
(Press release). Three UK. 4 February 2013. Archived from
the original
on 5 February 2013
. Retrieved
4 February
2013
.
- ^
"VoLTE comes to Three"
. Three UK. 23 April 2015. Archived from
the original
on 28 April 2015
. Retrieved
1 May
2015
.
- ^
"3 has no place Like Home"
.
The Register
. 20 May 2009
. Retrieved
25 February
2012
.
- ^
"Feel At Home"
. Three UK. 15 October 2014
. Retrieved
15 October
2014
.
- ^
"Three says auf wiedersehen to roaming charges in even more destinations"
. Three UK. 11 August 2016
. Retrieved
4 November
2016
.
- ^
"Three Support - Roaming Abroad - Destinations"
. Retrieved
21 February
2021
.
- ^
"Three Go Roam: what's changed for new and existing customers"
.
Sim Sherpa
. 1 October 2021
. Retrieved
28 January
2023
.
- ^
"Three brings in EU roaming charges and ends global scheme"
.
BBC News
. 9 September 2021
. Retrieved
28 January
2023
.
- ^
"Three Super-Voice"
. Three UK. 15 September 2015. Archived from
the original
on 17 September 2015
. Retrieved
18 October
2015
.
- ^
"Three UK and Vodafone Grab 1.4GHz Band to Boost 4G Speeds"
. ISP Review. 26 August 2015
. Retrieved
13 April
2018
.
- ^
Rundle, Michael (23 April 2015).
"Carphone Warehouse launches 'iD' mobile network"
.
Wired UK
.
ISSN
1357-0978
. Retrieved
28 April
2020
.
- ^
Brigden, Steve (20 June 2018).
"Superdrug launches new mobile network - here's how it stacks up"
.
MoneySavingExpert
. Retrieved
12 October
2018
.
- ^
"Ofcom casts doubt on O2/Three merger"
.
BBC News
. 8 October 2015
. Retrieved
1 July
2023
.
- ^
"Telefonica finalises £10bn sale of O2 mobile phone firm"
.
BBC News
. 24 March 2015
. Retrieved
1 July
2023
.
- ^
Farrell, Sean (11 May 2016).
"Three's takeover of O2 blocked by Brussels on competition concerns"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
1 July
2023
.
- ^
Office, Press (14 June 2023).
"Merger of Vodafone UK and Three UK to create one of Europe's leading 5G networks"
.
Vodafone UK News Centre
. Retrieved
1 July
2023
.
- ^
Fildes, Nic (10 August 2017).
"Three brings Smarty to the low-cost mobile party"
.
Financial Times
. Retrieved
28 April
2020
.
- ^
Parker, Joe.
"Three tops latest independent YouGov survey"
. Blog.three.co.uk. Archived from
the original
on 24 July 2010
. Retrieved
18 November
2012
.
External links
[
edit
]
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