Poem anthology from the Chinese Tang dynasty (618?907)
The
Three Hundred Tang Poems
is an
anthology
of poems from the Chinese
Tang dynasty
(618?907). It was first compiled around 1763 by
Sun Zhu
(1722?1778
[1]
), who was a
Qing Dynasty
scholar and was also known as Hengtang Tuishi (
?塘退士
, "Retired Master of Hengtang"). Various later editions also exist. All editions contain slightly more than 300 total poems.
[2]
The number 300 (or more exactly 305) was a classic number for a poetry collection due to the influence of the
Classic of Poetry
(
詩經
,
Shijing
), which was generally known as
The Three Hundred Poems
.
[1]
Dissatisfied with the anthology
Poems by a Thousand Masters
(
千家詩
,
Qianjiashi
) compiled by
Liu Kezhuang
in the late
Southern Song
, and influenced by
Ming Dynasty
poetry anthologies, Sun selected the poems based on their popularity and educational value. The collection has been popular ever since and can be found in many Chinese households. For centuries, elementary students memorized the poems and used them to learn to read and write. It contains poems by
Du Fu
,
Li Bai
,
Wang Wei
,
Chen Zi'ang
,
Meng Haoran
,
Han Yu
,
Du Mu
,
Bai Juyi
,
Liu Changqing
,
Cen Shen
,
Wang Changling
,
Wei Yingwu
, and more.
[3]
[4]
Organization of poems
[
edit
]
The original Qing Dynasty version of the
300 Tang Poems
was organized by the
poem's formal type
, of which there were seven:
- Folk song styled verse (
yuefu
)
- Ancient verse (
gushi
):
- Five-character ancient verse
- Seven-character ancient verse
- Modern style verse (
jintishi
):
- Eight-line regulated verse (
lushi
):
- Five-character regular verse
- Seven-character regular verse
- Quatrain (
jueju
):
- Five-character quatrain
- Seven-character quatrain
Out of 317 poems in one edition, 90 were in the
gushi
form and 227 were in the
lushi
or the
jueju
forms.
[5]
Poets
[
edit
]
The poets of the
Tang shi
include a number of authors ranging from the well-known and famous to obscure or anonymous poets, and even include at least one emperor. The poet with the most pieces included in this collection is
Du Fu
, with thirty-nine.
Li Bai
is a close runner-up, with thirty-four.
Wang Wei
has twenty-nine poems included in the anthology and
Li Shangyin
has twenty-four.
Meng Haoran
has fifteen,
Wei Yingwu
twelve,
Liu Changqing
eleven, and
Du Mu
ten. After that, each of the other poets' included pieces number in the single digits; however, some of these poets are quite important, such as
Liu Zongyuan
or
Bai Juyi
. Some important poets,
[
citation needed
]
such as
Li He
, are not represented at all.
- ^
Lacking tone marks, and may be modified Wade-Giles.
- ^
Birth, death,
flourishing
, or other as available. All dates
Common Era
.
- ^
From standard edition(s).
- ^
Xi Biren is an alias meaning "humble person from the west border". The author is unknown (cf.
"China Tang poetry Tang Poems, Kanshi, 唐詩英? 漢詩 英?唐? 英?唐?雙語 唐?英? 唐?英?雙語, 英譯唐詩 唐詩英譯雙語 唐詩英? Tang Poems, English translation, bilingual 如何在美?亞瑪遜/美亞 買?? 唐?三百首中的精?者 - 25首, 中英???照, 附?史背景, ?歌?事, ?人小?. How to purchase books at US amazon.com? Tang Poems, the most popular Chinese poems in Tang dynasty. China poems - Tang poems China history - Tang dynasty history - embedded in Tang poems. 唐時代に最も人?のある中?の詩である唐詩は、 Tang-Gedichte, die beliebtesten chinesischen Gedichte in der Tang-Dynastie. Les poemes Tang, les plus populaires des poemes chinois de la dynastie Tang. Poesie Tang, le poesie cinesi piu popolari nella dinastia Tang. 唐나라詩에서 가장 人氣있는 中國 詩人詩. Tang th?, nh?ng bai th? n?i ti?ng nh?t c?a Trung Qu?c trong tri?u đ?i nha đ??ng"
.
Message #1
(in Latin). 2016-01-01
. Retrieved
2023-06-27
.
"The Beauty of Tang Poems and Zhuan Zi Calligraphy", "Xi Bi'ren", by Marie L. Sun and Alex K. Sun
)
Translations
[
edit
]
The first complete translation of the
Three Hundred Tang Poems
into English was published as
The Jade Mountain
, translated by
Witter Bynner
and
Jiang Kanghu
. From 1929 through 1972 it went through ten editions.
[3]
A new translation of the anthology by Peter Harris was published in 2009.
[7]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
Sources
[
edit
]
- Wu, John C. H.
(1972).
The Four Seasons of Tang Poetry
. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle.
ISBN
978-0-8048-0197-3
- Watson, Burton
(1971).
CHINESE LYRICISM: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century
. (New York: Columbia University Press).
ISBN
0-231-03464-4
- Rexroth, Kenneth
(1970).
Love and the Turning Year: One Hundred More Poems from the Chinese
. New York: New Directions.
- Yu, Pauline (2002). "Chinese Poetry and Its Institutions", in
Hsiang Lectures on Chinese Poetry, Volume 2
, Grace S. Fong, editor. Montreal: Center for East Asian Research, McGill University.
External links
[
edit
]
Chinese
Wikisource
has original text related to this article:
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Major eras
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Poetry by
dynasty
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Poetry works
and collections
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Major forms
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Individual poems list
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Modern compilations
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Regional styles
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