Danish-Austrian architect (1813?1891)
Baron Theophil von Hansen
Baron Theophil von Hansen, grave at the Zentralfriedhof, Vienna
Baron Theophil Edvard von Hansen
(
German:
[?teːofiːl
f?n
?hanzn?]
; original
Danish
name:
Theophilus Hansen
,
pronounced
[ts?e?o?fiːlus
?hæn?sn?]
; 13 July 1813 ? 17 February 1891) was a
Danish
architect who later became an
Austrian
citizen. He became particularly well known for his buildings and structures in
Athens
and
Vienna
, and is considered an outstanding representative of
Neoclassicism
and
Historicism
.
[1]
Biography
[
edit
]
Hansen was born in
Copenhagen
. After training with Prussian architect
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
and some years studying in Vienna, he moved to
Athens
in 1837, where he studied architecture and design, with a concentration and interest in
Byzantine architecture
. During his stay in Athens, Hansen designed his first building, the
National Observatory of Athens
and two of the three contiguous buildings forming the so-called "Athenian Trilogy": the
Academy of Athens
and the National Library of Greece, the third building of the trilogy being the
National and Capodistrian University of Athens
, which was designed by his brother
Hans Christian Hansen
(1803?1883).
[2]
[3]
[4]
The Greek-Austrian entrepreneur
Georgios Sinas
(1783-1856), who donated the observatory, called Hansen to Vienna in 1846, where Hansen took up an apprenticeship with noted Austrian architect
Ludwig Forster
(1797?1863).
In his early works, such as the museum at
The Arsenal in Vienna
, Hansen was still rather aligned to a more romantic style. In later years, he became the most outstanding representative of Renaissance-inspired historicism (
Neo-Renaissance
), which also came to be known as Viennese-style. This style extended into the smallest details of the interior design and partially accepted the courses of a synthesis of the arts.
[5]
Along with Forster and many others, Hansen was one of the most important and influential architects of the Viennese
Ringstraße
. His most famous work is the
Austrian Parliament building
, which was created in the style of an ancient, neo-classic temple, and serves to refer to the Greek beginnings of
democracy
. Hansen was originally a staunch critic of the Classical style that was taught to him at the Copenhagen Academy. Over the years, however, he came to incorporate Classical elements into his forms.
Bauleiter
on this project was Swiss-Austrian architect
Hans Auer
(1847?1906) who would go on to win the competition for the Swiss
Bundeshaus
.
[6]
Hansen's famed
Musikverein
in Vienna is one of the most notable concert halls in the world; a concert hall whose design and acoustics are often admired and copied in present-day music houses.
[7]
The modern
Academy of Athens
, next to the
University of Athens
and the
National Library
(not shown) forming "the Athenian Trilogy". The academy and the university buildings were designed by
Theophil Hansen
(1885) in
Greek Ionic
, academically correct even to the polychrome sculpture. The statues and columns were worked by
Leonidas Drosis
.
Hansen worked together with Austrian sculptor Vincenz Pilz (1816-1896) and artist
Carl Rahl
(1812?1865), as well as with architect
Otto Wagner
(1841-1918).
[8]
[9]
[10]
In 1884 Emperor
Franz Joseph
honoured Hansen with a
barony
in the Austrian nobility and he was since styled "
Freiherr
von Hansen".
[11]
[12]
He died in 1891 in Vienna.
Work
[
edit
]
- National Observatory of Athens
, 1842
- House of military invalids,
Lviv
, 1851-1863
- Academy of Athens
, Athens, starting from 1856
- Museum of Military History
in the Arsenal, Vienna, 1856
- Old Municipal Hospital in
Patras
, Greece, 1857
- Cemetery chapel Christuskirche at the
Matzleinsdorf Protestant Cemetery
, Vienna, 1858
- Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church, Vienna
, 1858?1861
- Palais Todesco
, Ringstrasse, Vienna, 1861-1864
- Palace of Archduke Wilhelm
, Vienna, 1864?1868
- Musikverein
, Vienna, 1867?1870
- Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
, 1871?1876
- Philharmonic Concert Hall
,
Brno
, 1871?1873
- Vienna Stock Exchange
, 1874?1877
- Austrian Parliament Building
, Vienna, 1874?1883
- Zappeion
, Athens, 1874-1888
- New Lutheran church,
Ke?marok
, 1879-1892
- Castle
Nadelburg
,
Lichtenworth
, Lower Austria 1880-1882
- National Library of Greece
, Athens, starting from 1888
Gallery
[
edit
]
-
Athens Observatorium
-
Academy of Athens
part of the 'Athenian Trilogy' in Athens
-
Musikverein
building in Vienna
-
Goldener Saal
in the
Musikvereinsgebaude
in Vienna
-
The
Zappeion Megaron
in Athens
-
Castle Nadelburg
in Lichtenworth, Lower Austria
-
Reichsrat
in Vienna, today the
Austrian Parliament Building
-
Palais Hansen
in Vienna
-
National Library of Greece
-
New Lutheran church
in
Ke?marok
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Theophilus Edvard Hansen, 1813-91, Arkitekt"
. Dansk biografisk Lexikon
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841)"
. architectural-review.com. 27 November 2017
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
Ida Haugsted.
"Christian Hansen"
. Den Store Danske, Gyldendal
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Athenian Trilogy"
.
greece-is.com
. 17 December 2015
. Retrieved
November 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Ludwig von Forster"
. Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Hans Auer"
. Bibliographie der Schweizergeschichte
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Musikverein"
. Planet-Vienna
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Vincenz Pilz (1816-1896)"
. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Rahl, Karl"
.
Carl Rahl (1812-1865)
. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 1888. p. 167
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Otto Wagner, 1841-1918"
. ottowagner.com
. Retrieved
May 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Pilz, Vincenz"
.
Nordisk familjebok
. Retrieved
November 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Karl Rahl"
.
gedaechtnisdeslandes.at
. Retrieved
November 1,
2019
.
Other sources
[
edit
]
- George Niemann
(Hrsg.), Ferdinand von Feldegg:
Theophilus Hansen und seine Werke
. A. Schroll & Co., Wien 1893.
- Renate Wagner-Rieger and Mara Reissberger (1980(
Theophil von Hansen
. (Series: Die Wiener Ringstraße VIII; Band 4) Wiesbaden: Steiner
ISBN
3-515-02676-2
- Manfred Leithe-Jasper:
Hansen, Theophilos Edvard Freiherr von
. In:
Neue Deutsche Biographie
(NDB). Band 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966,
ISBN
3-428-00188-5
, S. 634 f.
- Julius Leisching:
Hansen, Theophilos Edvard Freiherr von
. In:
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
(ADB). Band 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, S. 762?766.
- Hansen Theophil Edvard Frh. von
. In: Osterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815?1950 (OBL). Band 2, Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1959, S. 181 f.
- Alice Strobl:
Das k. k. Waffenmuseum im Arsenal. Der Bau und seine kunstlerische Ausschmuckung
, in:
Schriften des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums in Wien
, herausgegeben von der Direktion. Graz / Koln, 1961
- Robert Bachtrogl:
Die
Nadelburg
- Geschichte ab 1747
. 2010 (Theophil Hansen ab S.77)
- Adolf Stiller (Hrsg).:
Theophil Hansen - Klassische Eleganz im Alltag
. Mury Salzmann, Salzburg / Wien 2013,
ISBN
978-3-990140-76-5
.
- Andreas Pittler
, Hermann Schnell: Der Baumeister des Parliaments - Theophil Hansen (1813-1891). Edition Winkler-Hermaden, Wien 2013,
ISBN
978-3950361100
Notes
[
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]
Regarding personal names:
Freiherr
is a former title (translated as
'
Baron
'
). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are
Freifrau
and
Freiin
.
External links
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]
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