The Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pequegnat_King_Edward_time_only.JPG/220px-Pequegnat_King_Edward_time_only.JPG) Pequegnat King Edward 2nd edition, time only
|
Industry
| Clock manufacturing
|
---|
Founded
| 1904
; 120 years ago
(
1904
)
|
---|
Founder
| Arthur Pequegnat
|
---|
Defunct
| 1964
(
1964
)
|
---|
Fate
| Ended production in 1943; dissolved in 1964
|
---|
Headquarters
| Kitchener, Ontario
,
Canada
|
---|
The Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company
is notable as the longest-lasting Canadian-based
clock
manufacturer. Company advertisements explained the pronunciation of the name as "Say Peginaw."
[1]
The company was also the first in Canada to successfully mass-produce clocks.
[2]
Pequegnat Family
[
edit
]
Arthur Ulysses Pequegnat was born in
La Chaux-de-Fonds
,
Neuchatel
,
Switzerland
,
[3]
to a primarily French-speaking family.
[4]
His father, Ulysses Pequegnat (1826?94), was a
watchmaker
.
[5]
The Pequegnat family immigrated from
Switzerland
in 1874, and initially started a business of importing
watches
for the local market in Berlin (now
Kitchener, Ontario
). Soon, Arthur Pequegnat and his seven brothers owned a chain of jewellery stores throughout
Southwestern Ontario
,
[2]
operating as a kind of family conglomerate.
[4]
At the time, the Canadian clock market was dominated by American manufacturers, and three separate attempts between 1872 and 1886 to start a Canadian clock manufacturing industry had failed.
[4]
Even a
35%
tariff
on the importation of foreign clocks instituted by Canada's Finance Minister
Samuel Leonard Tilley
under the
Conservative Party
's
National Policy
was unable to preserve some early clock companies, such as the
Canada Clock Company
or the
Hamilton Clock Company
.
[4]
History
[
edit
]
In the late 19th century, the
bicycle
market began to change dramatically, spurred by technical innovations and the rise of mass production. Public perception shifted from seeing them as an elite item for sportsmen into an everyday mode of transportation with the advent of the
safety bicycle
, in one of several "
Bicycle Booms
". Pequegnat saw potential and chose to join the
bicycle industry
, first by starting a small bicycle repair shop in the back of his jewellery shop.
[4]
This soon expanded into a three-storey "Bicycle Emporium" at 53?61 Frederick Street, Berlin.
[4]
Pequegnat would not stop at retail, however, and by 1897 had closed his jewellery shop and begun to manufacture bicycles under the name "Berlin & Racycle Manufacturing Company",
[6]
producing the "
Racycle
" style of safety bicycle in conjunction with the
Miami Cycle and Manufacturing Company
of
Middletown, Ohio
.
[4]
Business was brisk, and included customers such as the Berlin Police Department, which issued Racycles to its entire staff.
[4]
At the time, the Racycle was known as a high-quality model, and had the notable technical innovation of the
bearing
on the
crank hangar
being placed outside the crank attachment;
[7]
the company prominently claimed that the design conserved
27% of the rider's effort.
[4]
Around 1900?03, however, Pequegnat began to foresee the decline of the bicycle industry, and started to retool his factory on Frederick Street to experiment with
clockmaking
.
[4]
[2]
In 1904, Pequegnat was ready to scale up production, and distributed his first product catalogue to jewellers around Canada.
[4]
The early clocks sold well, and customers included school boards and railway companies,
[4]
both of which needed reliable wall clocks to operate.
[
citation needed
]
Most of their model names were based on Canadian cities. According to the Canadian Clock Museum, "approximately sixty-five catalogued models of mantel clock are known, as well as sixteen models of wall clock (with variations) and seven models of grandfather (hall) clock."
[8]
Rare samples exist of Pequegnat clocks built into a
sideboard
, or a grandfather clock/gramophone combination. Pequegnat was also instrumental in the production of parts for the Franco-American Clock Company whose clocks mimicked the German box or Vienna regulators.
[
citation needed
]
The company distinguished itself as a competitor for some of the better American
pendulum clocks
, such as those made by
Seth Thomas
. Their clocks often looked like models made by Seth Thomas or Sessions but some of their designs, especially the tall mantle clocks, were unique. For their wooden cases, they favoured the heart wood of quarter-sawn white
oak
that showed off beautiful ray flecks. The designs often had elements of the
Arts and Crafts Movement
which also favoured quarter-sawn white oak.
[
citation needed
]
The company's fortunes began to change during the
First World War
. Amidst the
anti-German sentiment
and social turmoil around the
renaming of Berlin to Kitchener
, the company's Berlin clock model was renamed "Berlyn", then discontinued altogether.
[4]
Materials were harder to obtain during the war, especially metal, with components often being replaced with wood.
[4]
Arthur Pequegnat died in 1927, leaving the company without his business leadership, though his son Edmond took over management.
[9]
With
hydroelectric power
now abundant and powering Canadian cities, wound mechanical clocks were increasingly supplanted by
electric clocks
. This time, the company failed to adapt to a changing economy. The
Second World War
once again created shortages of materials such as brass, and production largely stopped by 1941,
[2]
[10]
with all production ceasing by 1943.
[4]
After the war, the company survived for a time with a repair business, as well as operating as a wholesaler for
Westclox
.
[9]
During this time, Arthur's sons maintained their involvement in the company, with Marcel Pequegnat, then a municipal
civil engineer
and superintendent of the Kitchener Water Commission since 1919, having served as president of the company since 1940.
[11]
Edmond Pequegnat died in 1963 and the company was wound down in 1964.
[9]
In 1965, a new Kitchener Water Commission head office was constructed on the site of the former Pequegnat plant on Frederick Street.
[9]
Today, their clocks are highly collectible in Canada and command twice the price of similarly styled clocks by well-known American counterparts. One of the aspects that interests collectors is the high number of variants. Collectors can hunt for time-only, time and strike, or either of these with calendar. The company seemed to start a run with one style of trim but then would complete the run with a different style, so that it is not uncommon to find a unique sample that no one else has. The Canada Science and Technology "Museum’s collection includes more than eighty Pequegnat ...clocks, mostly acquired in 1975. This particular collection of clocks is the second largest of its kind in a public collection...."
[12]
The largest private collection, of over 170 models is held by Skip and Caren Kerr in Edmonton, Alberta and represents over 30 years of collecting.
[13]
The
Canadian Clock Museum
, which is dedicated to clocks from the Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company, is located in
Deep River, Ontario
.
[
citation needed
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Varkaris, J. and C., The Pequegnat Story: the Family and the Clocks, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa 1982, p.100
- ^
a
b
c
d
De Angelis, Robin (5 June 2019).
"Timeless piece of Kitchener history on display at antique clock auction"
.
CBC.ca
.
CBC
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
"Arthur Ulysses Pequegnat"
.
Waterloo Region Generations
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
Miller, Ethan; Crouch, Jeff (10 June 2020).
"These Clocks Tell the Tale of a Remarkable Canadian Triumph: Meet Arthur Pequegnat and His Clocks"
.
Watch News
.
National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
"Ulysses Pequegnat"
.
Waterloo Region Generations
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
"Early Endeavours in Canada"
. Canada Science and Technology Museum
. Retrieved
2011-06-05
.
In 1897, recognizing the opportunity provided by the rage for bicycles, Arthur decided to close his jewellery shop and become a manufacturer of bicycles, a business that lasted until the early 1920s as the
Berlin & Racycle Manufacturing Company
.
- ^
Nordcliffe, Glen (15 May 2001).
Ride to Modernity: The Bicycle in Canada, 1869?1900
.
University of Toronto Press
.
ISBN
978-0802082053
.
- ^
"The Arthur Pequegnat Clock Company"
. The Canadian Clock Museum
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Ball-Pyatt, Karen (25 January 2016).
"The Hands of Time"
.
Historically Speaking Kitchener: News, views & other tidbits from the Grace Schmidt Room, Kitchener Public Library
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
"Galleries | THE ARTHUR PEQUEGNAT CLOCK COMPANY | The Canadian Clock Museum"
.
www.canclockmuseum.ca
. Retrieved
2023-04-21
.
- ^
"File 9 - Berlin water works plans"
.
University of Waterloo
. Retrieved
13 November
2020
.
- ^
Canada Museum Science and Technology
- ^
Skip Kerr Collection Index
External links
[
edit
]