Web portal and internet company, subsidiary of Telefonica Brasil
Terra
was a Spanish Internet multinational company owned by
Telefonica
. It was headquartered in Spain and had offices in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, the United States and Peru. Part of the Telefonica Group (the former Spanish public telephone monopoly), Terra operated as a web portal or Internet access provider in the United States, Spain and 16 Latin American countries. It was founded in 1999 as Terra Networks, S.A., a publicly traded company with Telefonica as its main shareholder, all outstanding shares were purchased by Telefonica in 2017, making Terra a wholly owned subsidiary.
History
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]
Terra was founded in 1999 as Terra Networks, S.A. by
Juan Villalonga
,
Telefonica
's president between 1996 and 2000, and grew in size through the acquisitions of several local startups in Spain and the main Latin American markets:
Ole
(Spain),
ZAZ
(Brazil), Mexico, Gauchonet, Donde (Argentina) and Chevere (Venezuela).
Terra has created several digital portals, like Invertia,
[2]
a successful finance portal, and Educaterra
[3]
(e-learning). It also has had or has stakes in other Internet ventures: Uno-e
[4]
(online banking), Rumbo
[5]
(travel, in partnership with
Amadeus
), Atrea
[6]
(real estate, in partnership with Spanish bank
BBVA
), and more.
In November 1999, still during the period known as the "
Internet bubble
", Terra had a high-profile
IPO
both in the U.S. and Spain, and its shares skyrocketed.
[7]
After that, the price fell sharply until it reached 2.75 euros in October 2004.
[
citation needed
]
This process sparked a lot of public controversy in Spain, where thousands of small investors acquired shares of Terra during the boom.
During 2003 and 2004 Terra expanded aggressively into the paid content business, mainly in Spain, Brazil, and Chile, launching ventures with
Disney
and Spanish football clubs
Real Madrid
and
FC Barcelona
. It also started several entertainment services, including an online multiplayer gaming platform (Terra Games) and a digital music service (Terra Musica Premium) similar to
Apple Computer
's
iTunes
.
Terra and Lycos
[
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]
In April 2000, Terra acquired
Lycos
, a U.S. portal, in a
stock swap
valued at US$12.5 billion.
[8]
By that time, Lycos was the third most visited portal in the U.S.
[
citation needed
]
, and had a strong presence in key European and Asian markets. Lycos CEO
Bob Davis
was moved to the position of CEO of the combined company, from where he stepped down in January 2001, being replaced by then Chairman Joaquim Agut.
[9]
Part of the deal was also German media giant
Bertelsmann
, owner of a stake in Lycos Europe. In exchange for keeping the control over Lycos Europe, Bertelsmann agreed to spend US$1 billion worth in advertising at Terra Lycos through a five-year period.
[10]
That spending was crucial for Terra to survive the times of the Internet crash, when several Latin American-based Internet companies like
Quepasa
,
[11]
Starmedia
[
citation needed
]
or
El Sitio
[
citation needed
]
lost cash up to the point of filing for
bankruptcy
or being taken over by bigger companies.
In 2003 Bertelsmann executed an option to get itself out of the agreement, transferring to Terra's parent company Telefonica the obligation to keep the ad spending. Soon after that, Telefonica decided to get more control over Terra and launched an offer for shares of Terra still floating on the stock market. Although it granted Telefonica control over more than 70% of Terra's stock, the move was not successful enough to let Telefonica take Terra out of the public, as was allegedly its objective.
In October 2004, following Telefonica's decision to re-focus their businesses, Terra sold Lycos to South Korean Internet portal company
Daum Communications
for US$105 million. Kim Faura was Terra's last chairman. Joaquim Agut was the previous one, and now he is chairman of
Endemol
.
Telefonica take-over
[
edit
]
In February 2005, Telefonica announced its intention of taking full control of Terra by giving Telefonica' shares in exchange for Terra's remaining shares in the
stock market
. After this plan was approved by both Telefonica and Terra shareholders meetings, Terra's shares were finally excluded from the market on July 15, 2005.
Terra Networks S.A. was then merged into Telefonica, S.A. and, therefore, disappeared from a legal point of view.
[12]
A small portion of the former corporate headquarters became "Terra Networks Asociadas, S.L.U." (a new company) and local Terra operations (and assets) were transferred to local fixed-line Telefonica companies.
Terra.com
[
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]
In the early 2000s, Terra was the largest Latin American online media company, ranked as the 31st most popular Internet destination in the world.
[
citation needed
]
The website primarily provided entertainment, news and sports to approximately 100 million monthly visitors, Terra was named as one of the most innovative company in the music area by Fast Company in 2011.
[13]
It has offices in cities such as Sao Paulo and Porto Alegre, Brazil.
[
citation needed
]
References
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]
External links
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]
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