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Tai Forest ebolavirus

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Tai Forest ebolavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm : Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Filoviridae
Genus: Ebolavirus
Species:
Tai Forest ebolavirus
Synonyms

Tai Forest virus (TAFV)

The species Tai Forest ebolavirus ( / t ?ː ? iː / ) [1] is a virological taxon included in the genus Ebolavirus , family Filoviridae , order Mononegavirales . The species has a single virus member, Tai Forest virus (TAFV). [1] The members of the species are called Tai Forest ebolaviruses. [1]

Tai Forest ebolavirus has been seen in a single human infection due to contact with chimpanzees from the Tai Forest in Cote d'Ivoire . [2]

Nomenclature [ edit ]

The name Tai Forest ebolavirus is derived from Parc National de Tai (the name of a national park in Cote d'Ivoire , where Tai Forest virus was first discovered) and the taxonomic suffix ebolavirus (which denotes an ebolavirus species). [1] According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Tai Forest ebolavirus is always to be capitalized , italicized , never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Tai Forest ebolaviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without articles . [1]

The species was introduced in 1998 as Cote d'Ivoire Ebola virus . [3] [4] In 2002, the name was changed to Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus . [5] [6] The name was proposed to be changed to Tai Forest ebolavirus in 2010, [1] and this proposal was immediately accepted by the ICTV. [ citation needed ]

A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is a member of the species Tai Forest ebolavirus if: [1]

  • it is endemic in Cote d'Ivoire
  • it has a genome with three gene overlaps ( VP35 / VP40 , GP / VP30 , VP24 / L )
  • it has a genomic sequence different from Ebola virus by ≥30% but different from that of Tai Forest virus by <30%.

Tai Forest virus ( / t ?ː ? iː / ; [1] TAFV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known Ebola virus (EBOV). TAFV causes severe disease in primates , the Ebola hemorrhagic fever . TAFV is a Select Agent , World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment ), National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent , and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group . [ citation needed ]

Use of term [ edit ]

Tai Forest virus (abbreviated TAFV) was first described in 1995 as a new "strain" of Ebola virus . [7] It is the single member of the species Tai Forest ebolavirus , which is included into the genus Ebolavirus , family Filoviridae , order Mononegavirales . [1] The name Tai Forest virus is derived from Parc National de Tai (the name of a national park in Cote d'Ivoire , where it was first discovered) and the taxonomic suffix virus . According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Tai Forest virus is always to be capitalized , but (in contrast to taxon names, e. g. genus and species names) is never italicized , and may be abbreviated (with TAFV being the official abbreviation). [8]

Previous designations [ edit ]

Tai Forest virus was first introduced as a new "strain" of Ebola virus in 1995. [7] In 2000, it received the designation Cote d'Ivoire Ebola virus, [9] [10] and in 2002 the name was changed to Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus. [5] [6] (both times misspelling "Cote"). Other names circulating in the literature were the correct Cote d'Ivoire Ebola virus and Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus, and the jargon terms Ivory Coast Ebola virus and Ivory Coast ebolavirus. Previous abbreviations for the virus were EBOV-CI (for Ebola virus Cote d'Ivoire or Ebola virus Cote d'Ivoire), EBOV-IC (for Ebola virus Ivory Coast), ICEBOV (for Ivory Coast Ebola virus or Ivory Coast ebolavirus) and most recently CIEBOV (for Cote d;Ivoire Ebola virus, Cote d'Ivoire Ebola virus, Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus or Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus). The virus received its final designation in 2010, when it was renamed Tai Forest virus (TAFV). [1]

Virus inclusion criteria [ edit ]

A virus of the species Tai Forest ebolavirus is a Tai Forest virus (TAFV) if it has the properties of Tai Forest ebolaviruses and if its genome diverges from that of the prototype Tai Forest virus, Tai Forest virus variant Cote d'Ivoire (TAFV/CI), by ≤10% at the nucleotide level. [1]

Disease [ edit ]

TAFV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF). EVD due to TAFV infection cannot be differentiated from EVD caused by other ebolaviruses by clinical observation alone, which is why the clinical presentation and pathology of infections by all ebolaviruses is presented together on a separate page (see Ebola virus disease ). TAFV made its first and thus far only known appearance in 1994 during a viral hemorrhagic fever epizootic among western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Tai National Park , Cote d'Ivoire . As more dead western chimpanzees were discovered, many tested positive for infection with an ebolavirus distinct from those already known. One of the scientists performing the necropsies on the infected western chimpanzees contracted TAFV. She developed symptoms similar to those of dengue fever approximately a week after the necropsy, and was transported to Switzerland for treatment. She was discharged from hospital after two weeks and had fully recovered six weeks after the infection. [ citation needed ]

Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks due to Tai Forest virus (TAFV) infection
Year Geographic location Human cases/deaths (case-fatality rate)
1994 Tai National Park , Cote d'Ivoire 1/0 (0%)

Ecology [ edit ]

The ecology of TAFV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how TAFV was introduced into the western chimpanzee population. Bats are suspected to harbor the virus because infectious Marburg virus (MARV), a distantly related filovirus, has been isolated from bats, [11] and because traces (but no infectious particles) of the more closely related Ebola virus (EBOV) were found in bats as well. [12]

Molecular biology [ edit ]

TAFV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it the genomic organization and the conservation of individual open reading frames , is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses. It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can be extrapolated to TAFV and that all TAFV proteins behave analogous to those of EBOV. [ citation needed ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kuhn, Jens H.; Becker, Stephan; Ebihara, Hideki; Geisbert, Thomas W.; Johnson, Karl M.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Lipkin, W. Ian; Negredo, Ana I; et al. (2010). "Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations" . Archives of Virology . 155 (12): 2083?103. doi : 10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x . PMC   3074192 . PMID   21046175 .
  2. ^ Baize, Sylvain; Pannetier, Delphine; Oestereich, Lisa; Rieger, Toni; Koivogui, Lamine; Magassouba, N'Faly; Soropogui, Barre; Sow, Mamadou Saliou; Keita, Sakoba; De Clerck, Hilde; Tiffany, Amanda; Dominguez, Gemma; Loua, Mathieu; Traore, Alexis; Kolie, Moussa; Malano, Emmanuel Roland; Heleze, Emmanuel; Bocquin, Anne; Mely, Stephane; Raoul, Herve; Caro, Valerie; Cadar, Daniel; Gabriel, Martin; Pahlmann, Meike; Tappe, Dennis; Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas; Impouma, Benido; Diallo, Abdoul Karim; Formenty, Pierre; et al. (2014). "Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea" . New England Journal of Medicine . 371 (15): 1418?25. doi : 10.1056/NEJMoa1404505 . PMID   24738640 .
  3. ^ Netesov, S. V.; Feldmann, H.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H. D.; Sanchez, A. (2000). "Family Filoviridae". In van Regenmortel, M. H. V.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Carstens, E. B.; Estes, M. K.; Lemon, S. M.; Maniloff, J.; Mayo, M. A.; McGeoch, D. J.; Pringle, C. R.; Wickner, R. B. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy?Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . San Diego, US: Academic Press. pp. 539?48. ISBN   978-0-12-370200-5 .
  4. ^ Pringle, C. R. (1998). "Virus taxonomy-San Diego 1998". Archives of Virology . 143 (7): 1449?59. doi : 10.1007/s007050050389 . PMID   9742051 . S2CID   13229117 .
  5. ^ a b Feldmann, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H.-D.; Netesov, S. V.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R.; Volchkov, V. E. (2005). "Family Filoviridae". In Fauquet, C. M.; Mayo, M. A.; Maniloff, J.; Desselberger, U.; Ball, L. A. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy?Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . San Diego, US: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 645?653. ISBN   978-0-12-370200-5 .
  6. ^ a b Mayo, M. A. (2002). "ICTV at the Paris ICV: results of the plenary session and the binomial ballot" . Archives of Virology . 147 (11): 2254?60. doi : 10.1007/s007050200052 . S2CID   43887711 .
  7. ^ a b le Guenno, B.; Formenty, P.; Wyers, M.; Gounon, P.; Walker, F.; Boesch, C. (1995). "Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus". Lancet . 345 (8960): 1271?4. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90925-7 . PMID   7746057 . S2CID   38897209 .
  8. ^ ICTV: How to write a virus name , on ICTV online (2019)
  9. ^ Netesov, S. V.; Feldmann, H.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H. D.; Sanchez, A. (2000). "Family Filoviridae". In van Regenmortel, M. H. V.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Carstens, E. B.; Estes, M. K.; Lemon, S. M.; Maniloff, J.; Mayo, M. A.; McGeoch, D. J.; Pringle, C. R.; Wickner, R. B. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy?Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . San Diego, USA: Academic Press. pp. 539?48. ISBN   978-0-12-370200-5 .
  10. ^ Pringle, C. R. (1998). "Virus taxonomy-San Diego 1998". Archives of Virology . 143 (7): 1449?59. doi : 10.1007/s007050050389 . PMID   9742051 . S2CID   13229117 .
  11. ^ Towner, J. S.; Amman, B. R.; Sealy, T. K.; Carroll, S. A. R.; Comer, J. A.; Kemp, A.; Swanepoel, R.; Paddock, C. D.; Balinandi, S.; Khristova, M. L.; Formenty, P. B.; Albarino, C. G.; Miller, D. M.; Reed, Z. D.; Kayiwa, J. T.; Mills, J. N.; Cannon, D. L.; Greer, P. W.; Byaruhanga, E.; Farnon, E. C.; Atimnedi, P.; Okware, S.; Katongole-Mbidde, E.; Downing, R.; Tappero, J. W.; Zaki, S. R.; Ksiazek, T. G.; Nichol, S. T.; Rollin, P. E. (2009). Fouchier, Ron A. M. (ed.). "Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats" . PLOS Pathogens . 5 (7): e1000536. doi : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000536 . PMC   2713404 . PMID   19649327 .
  12. ^ Leroy, E. M.; Kumulungui, B.; Pourrut, X.; Rouquet, P.; Hassanin, A.; Yaba, P.; Delicat, A.; Paweska, J. T.; Gonzalez, J. P.; Swanepoel, R. (2005). "Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus". Nature . 438 (7068): 575?576. Bibcode : 2005Natur.438..575L . doi : 10.1038/438575a . PMID   16319873 . S2CID   4403209 .

External links [ edit ]

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