British magazine publisher
TI Media Ltd
|
Formerly
|
- International Publishing Company (1963?1968)
- IPC Magazines Ltd (1968?1998)
- IPC Media (1998?2014)
- Time Inc. UK (2014?2018)
|
---|
Industry
| - Consumer marketing
- Content and brand licensing
- Entertainment
- Magazine publishing
- News
|
---|
Founded
| 1963
; 61 years ago
(
1963
)
|
---|
Defunct
| 2020
(
2020
)
|
---|
Fate
| Acquired by
Future plc
|
---|
Successor
| Future plc
|
---|
Headquarters
| ,
|
---|
TI Media
(formerly
International Publishing Company
,
IPC Magazines Ltd
,
IPC Media
and
Time Inc. UK
) was a consumer
magazine
and digital publisher in the
United Kingdom
, with a portfolio selling over 350 million copies each year. Most of its titles now belong to
Future plc
.
[1]
History
[
edit
]
Origins
[
edit
]
The British magazine publishing industry in the mid-1950s was dominated by a handful of companies, principally the
Associated Newspapers
(founded by
Lord Harmsworth
in 1890),
Odhams Press Ltd
,
Newnes
/
Pearson
, and the
Hulton Press
, which fought each other for market share in a highly competitive marketplace.
Fleetway
[
edit
]
In 1958
Cecil Harmsworth King
, chairman of the newspaper group, The Daily Mirror Newspapers Limited which included the
Daily Mirror
and the
Sunday Pictorial
(now the
Sunday Mirror
), together with provincial chain West of England Newspapers, made an offer for
Amalgamated Press
. The offer was accepted, and in January 1959 he was appointed its chairman. Within a few months he changed its name to
Fleetway Publications, Ltd.
after the name of its headquarters, Fleetway House in London's Farringdon Street.
[2]
Shortly thereafter,
Odhams Press
absorbed both George Newnes and the Hulton Press. King saw an opportunity in this to rationalise the overcrowded women's magazine market, in which Fleetway and Newnes were the major competitors, and made a bid for Odhams on behalf of Fleetway that was too attractive to ignore. Fleetway took over Odhams in the month of March 1961.
[3]
International Publishing Company
[
edit
]
In consequence, King controlled publishing interests which included two national daily and two national Sunday newspapers (the newspaper interests being informally tagged
The Mirror Group
), along with almost one hundred consumer magazines, more than two hundred trade and technical periodicals, and interests in book publishing. This included the combined business interests of Fleetway, Odhams, and Newnes.
All of the companies involved had been acquired without any significant change in management, save for the appointment of Mirror Group directors as chairmen. In 1963 all the companies were combined by the creation of a parent (or "holding") company called the
International Publishing Company
(known informally as
IPC
). All of the existing companies would continue to exist, but as IPC subsidiaries.
[4]
IPC then set up a management development department in 1965, to rationalise its holdings, so that its various subsidiaries would no longer be in competition with each other for the same markets. This led to a reorganisation of the Group, in 1968, into six divisions:
- IPC Newspapers ? including
The People
and
The Sun
(soon sold), as well as the
Daily Mirror
and
Sunday Mirror
- IPC Magazines ? consumer magazines and comics
- IPC Trade and Technical ? specialist magazines (later known as
IPC Business Press Ltd.
)
- IPC Books ? all book publishing (headed by
Paul Hamlyn
, whose own company had been acquired by IPC).
- IPC Printing ? all non-newspaper printing operations (headed by Arnold Quick, whose own company had also been acquired by IPC).
- IPC New Products ? launching pad for products that used new technology (headed by Alistair McIntosh).
All the divisions were headed by chairmen who originated in Mirror Group, except for Hamlyn, Quick and McIntosh.
IPC Magazines
[
edit
]
The turmoil at IPC in 1969 led to major consolidations in the joint comics publishing divisions, IPC Magazines Ltd., which was under the responsibility of Jack Legrand, formerly the Managing Editor of Fleetway's juvenile publications.
[5]
Odhams'
Power Comics
line of titles were canceled, as was
Hulton Press
's long-running adventure comic
Eagle
(merging with Fleetway's
Lion
from 2 May 1969). The humour comic
Giggle
, aimed at the slightly younger market dominated by Fleetway's
Buster
, was also dropped, being merged into
Buster
in the spring of 1969.
[6]
Buster
, like Odhams'
Smash!
, also now became a publication of IPC Magazines Ltd. (IPC Magazines also took over another UK publisher,
City Magazines
, around this time.)
Reed International takeover
[
edit
]
In May 1968, a boardroom coup had replaced Cecil King
[7]
with his deputy chairman,
Hugh Cudlipp
, a former newspaper editor.
[8]
Cudlipp had no interest in management, and was uneasy both with his new role and with IPC's diversification into computerised publication and other new technology. In 1969, Cudlipp proposed to former Mirror Group director
Don Ryder
? who was then chairman of the Reed Group, in which IPC had a 30% shareholding ? to mount a
reverse takeover
of IPC by Reed. IPC-Mirror Group was thus itself taken over in 1970, by the paper-making company
Albert E Reed
, which then renamed itself
Reed International
.
[9]
In 1974, part of the publishing interests of Reed International were separated into
IPC Magazines Ltd
(comprising the magazine and comics holdings) and
Mirror Group Newspapers
(comprising the newspaper holdings). The latter was sold to Pergamon Holdings Ltd, a private company owned by
Robert Maxwell
, in 1984.
[10]
In 1988, IPC acquired
Family Circle
from the
International Thomson Organization
.
[11]
In 1989, IPC acquired
TVTimes
.
[12]
In the early 1990s IPC launched
Loaded
, which began a wave of "
lad's mags
".
In 1992, following a merger with Dutch science publisher
Elsevier NV
, Reed International underwent a further name change, becoming Reed Elsevier (now
RELX Group
).
Sale of Fleetway
[
edit
]
In 1987, part of the
comics
holdings of IPC Magazines Ltd (comprising those comics and characters created after 1 January 1970, plus 26 specified characters from
Buster
, which was then still being published) were placed in a separate company,
Fleetway Publications
, which was sold to Pergamon Holdings.
[4]
[13]
In 1991,
Egmont UK
purchased Fleetway from Pergamon, merging it with their own comics publishing operation, London Editions, to form
Fleetway Editions
. The latter was absorbed into the main Egmont brand by 2000, having sold off the continuing titles (such as
2000 AD
), and continued with only reprint and licensed titles (e.g.
Sonic The Comic
).
IPC had retained the other comics characters and titles, i.e. those created before 1970 (except the 26 characters from
Buster
), including
Sexton Blake
,
The Steel Claw
, and
Battler Britton
.
[4]
One character,
Dan Dare
, was sold separately and is currently owned by the Dan Dare Corporation. In 2016 and 2018, Egmont sold its remaining library of IPC/Fleetway to
Rebellion Developments
, who had previously acquired
2000 AD
in 2000.
[14]
[15]
[16]
Time Inc. takeover
[
edit
]
In 1998, IPC Magazines Ltd was subject to a
management buyout
financed by
Cinven
, a
venture capital
group, and the company was renamed IPC Media. Cinven then sold the company to
Time Inc.
, then the magazine publishing subsidiary of
Time Warner
(now
Warner Bros. Discovery
), in 2001.
[17]
In January 2009, Evelyn Webster became the company's chief executive, replacing Sylvia Auton who had run it since 2001
IPC Media formally became Time Inc. UK in September 2014, creating a single Time Inc. brand in both the US and UK.
[18]
In April 2012, IPC Media won an award for Best Production Team of the Year at the
Professional Publishers Association
Production and Environment Awards 2012.
[19]
2018 sale to Epiris
[
edit
]
On 26 February 2018,
Meredith Corporation
, who had completed its purchase of Time Inc. almost a month earlier, announced it was selling Time Inc. UK to a fund associated with British private equity firm
Epiris
.
[20]
The transaction closed on 19 March of that year.
[21]
In June 2018, the company was renamed TI Media.
[22]
In September 2018, TI Media sold its library of pre-1970 IPC Comics titles to Rebellion Developments.
[16]
In 2019, TI Media sold its music magazines to BandLab Technologies.
[23]
2020 acquisition by Future
[
edit
]
TI Media was acquired by
Future plc
on 21 April 2020 following shareholder and Competition and Markets Authority approval.
[1]
Future subsequently divested
Amateur Photographer
,
Trusted Reviews
, and
World Soccer
[24]
and absorbed the rest of TI Media into Future Publishing.
Publishing divisions
[
edit
]
TI Media divisions up until Future plc acquisition including:
[25]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"Proposed Acquisition of TI Media for £140 million"
.
otp.investis.com
. 30 October 2019
. Retrieved
31 October
2019
.
- ^
"Fleetway ? A History"
.
Dan Dare
. Archived from
the original
on 18 August 2010
. Retrieved
15 August
2010
.
- ^
Holland, Steve (2006).
"Look and Learn A History of the Classic Children's Magazine"
(PDF)
.
Look and Learn
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 25 June 2016
. Retrieved
9 December
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
Birch, Paul (14 December 2008).
"Speaking Frankly..."
Speech Balloon
. Birmingham Mail. Archived from
the original
on 20 July 2011.
- ^
Coates, Alan and David. "Smash!"
British Comic World
#3 (A. & D. Coates, June 1984), p. 17.
- ^
"Buster,"
British Comics website (October 29, 2018).
- ^
Adam Curtis (2011).
Every Day is Like Sunday
.
- ^
Boyd, Wesley (6 November 2004).
"An Irishman's Diary"
.
The Irish Times
.
- ^
Reed Elsevier profile
Archived
27 June 2005 at the
Wayback Machine
on ketupa.net
- ^
Trinity Mirror Group History
Archived
14 September 2008 at the
Wayback Machine
on the Trinity Mirror Group website
- ^
Norton, Frances E.
"IPC Magazines Limited"
.
International Directory of Company Histories
. Retrieved
15 May
2018
– via Encyclopedia.com.
- ^
Devitt, Maureen.
"Scottish Television profit 21% brighter"
.
Herald Scotland
.
Archived
from the original on 5 September 2014
. Retrieved
23 August
2014
.
- ^
History of IPC Media
Archived
8 March 2007 at the
Wayback Machine
on the IPC Media website
- ^
Bunge, Nicole.
"REBELLION ACQUIRES FLEETWAY AND IPC YOUTH GROUP ARCHIVES"
.
ICv2
.
Archived
from the original on 4 November 2016
. Retrieved
4 November
2016
.
- ^
Johnston, Rich.
"Rebellion Buys Fleetway Archive ? Roy of the Rovers, Oink, Tammy, Battle, Whizzer And Chips And More"
.
Bleeding Cool
.
Archived
from the original on 31 October 2016
. Retrieved
4 November
2016
.
- ^
a
b
McMillan, Graeme.
"
'2000 AD' Publisher Acquires TI Media Comic Archive"
.
The Hollywood Reporter
. Retrieved
8 January
2019
.
- ^
Time Inc to acquire IPC from Cinven
Archived
19 February 2005 at the
Wayback Machine
from
Time Warner
website
- ^
"Time Inc. Rebrands IPC Media Time Inc. UK"
.
Archived
from the original on 5 September 2014
. Retrieved
4 September
2014
.
- ^
"Emagine from Rhapsody helps IPC Inspire secure PPA Award"
.
- ^
"Meredith Corporation Reaches Agreement To Sell Time Inc. UK To Epiris"
.
Archived
from the original on 16 March 2018
. Retrieved
16 March
2018
.
- ^
"Meredith Corporation Finalizes Sale Of Time Inc. UK To Epiris"
.
Archived
from the original on 26 March 2018
. Retrieved
26 March
2018
.
- ^
McCarthy, John (24 May 2018).
"Time Inc UK unveils rebrand to Ti Media"
. The Drum.
Archived
from the original on 9 December 2018
. Retrieved
17 June
2018
.
- ^
"TI Media sells music titles NME and Uncut to music platform BandLab"
. Retrieved
15 July
2019
.
- ^
Mayhew, Freddy (20 April 2020).
"Future completes £140m takeover of TI Media as coronavirus hits both businesses"
.
Press Gazette
. Retrieved
25 March
2021
.
- ^
"Brands"
. TI Media. Archived from
the original
on 15 October 2018
. Retrieved
15 October
2018
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
|
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UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals
|
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Principal
channels
(
List
)
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Services
and
platforms
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Studios
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Other
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Companies and organisations
|
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Major
companies
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Resources
| |
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Government and
regulatory bodies
| |
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Industry and
trades bodies
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Other
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Regional and student media
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Regional media
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Student media
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Magazines
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Websites
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Acquisitions
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