Irish Sunday newspaper
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The
Sunday Independent
is an Irish Sunday
newspaper
broadsheet
published by
Independent News & Media
plc, a subsidiary of
Mediahuis
.
It is the Sunday edition of the
Irish Independent
, and maintains an editorial position midway between magazine and
tabloid
.
History
[
edit
]
The
Sunday Independent
was first published in 1905 as the Sunday edition of the
Irish Independent
.
[7]
Following the creation of the
Irish Free State
, the
Sunday Independent
followed its daily counterpart's political line by supporting
Cumann na nGaedheal
and its successor
Fine Gael
.
[7]
From the 1940s until 1970, the paper was run by
Hector Legge
(1901?1994). Legge's time at the paper was notable for the
Sunday Independent
in 1948 leaking the news that the Irish government were going to leave the
British Commonwealth
by repealing the
External Relations Act
.
[8]
Legge also published a series of articles by the writer
Frank O'Connor
(under the pseudonym "Ben Mayo") in the paper.
[9]
In the 1970s, under the editorship of Conor O'Brien, the
Sunday Independent
became known for a series of investigations by journalist Joe MacAnthony into the activities of the
Irish Sweepstakes
.
[10]
O'Brien was succeeded as editor in 1976 by
Michael Hand
.
[11]
[12]
Aengus Fanning became editor following Hand's departure in 1984.
[13]
In 1984 the
Sunday Independent
logo changed from black to purple in colour.
Anne Harris
succeeded her husband Aengus Fanning after his death in January 2012.
[14]
[15]
On 20 December 2014, Harris ended her tenure as the
Sunday Independent's
editor;
[15]
at her going-away party, the marketing department of Independent News and Media gave her a painting of the number "30%" to commemorate the fact Harris had raised the newspaper's circulation to 30% of the Irish market.
[15]
Cormac Bourke, the former executive editor of the
Irish Independent
, became the new editor of the
Sunday Independent
in January 2015.
[16]
Alan English, who was previously the Editor of the
Limerick Leader
, was appointed as editor of the
Sunday Independent
in January 2020.
[17]
On 17 October 2021, the paper launched a
Northern Ireland
edition with some localised content.
[18]
Digital archives
[
edit
]
The Sunday Independent is available on the
Irish Newspaper Archives
and from 1959 to October 2006 at the
British Newspaper Archive
.
Content
[
edit
]
The newspaper is a general Sunday newspaper, covering news and politics. It is published in five sections: News, Sport, Business, Property, and Living, as well as a magazine section. In terms of news, while the newspaper maintains a broadsheet outlook, it has come in for much criticism lately due to its increasing emphasis on lifestyle features in the main section. It has also been criticised for regularly tending towards
sensationalism
, and for the often opinion-focused, rather than news-focused nature of its articles.
[19]
[20]
It is probably better described as a
middle-of-the-road
newspaper, rather than a
newspaper of record
. In the 1980s and 1990s, the deputy editor was
Anne Harris
.
[21]
A 1997 article in
Magill
magazine about the newspaper stated, "Its critics have characterised it as nasty and narcissistic, its supporters as lively and libidinous, a tornado of fresh air in a stale and shrinking industry".
[22]
It often supported
Fianna Fail
, particularly
Bertie Ahern
and then
Brian Lenihan
, with articles focused on that party and its policies. That Government's former Minister for Defence,
Willie O'Dea
has written columns for the newspaper. Other politicians to have written columns for the newspaper include
Fine Gael
's former Minister for Justice
Alan Shatter
and former
Labour Party
TD
Michael McNamara
.
Articles on
transgender
topics feature, often written by
Eilis O'Hanlon
, Mark Tighe, and Tommy Conlon.
[23]
On 27 August 2022, a protest outside the newspaper's office taking issue with the Sunday Independent's coverage of transgender issues was organised by Trans and Intersex Pride Dublin.
[24]
Popularly nicknamed
The Sindo
, the paper has been a zealous critic of the
Provisional IRA
and
Sinn Fein
for many years.
[25]
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the
Sunday Independent
was reproachful toward SDLP politician
John Hume
, whom the newspaper accused of being insufficiently attentive to the needs of the
Ulster Unionists
.
[26]
Many of the
Sunday Independent's
columnists also criticised Hume for negotiating with Sinn Fein leader
Gerry Adams
, accusing Hume of being naive about Adams.
[22]
[25]
[27]
Editorial policy
[
edit
]
The editorial policy of the
Sunday Independent
can be described as support for
laissez-faire
policies in economics and strong opposition to armed
republicanism
; some have described the newspaper's policies as those of the
New Right
.
[22]
It was strongly supportive of the
Progressive Democrats
and in favour of income tax reduction and the rolling back of the state. Issues of interest have included big government, the size of the public sector, terrorism, and the Republic's regime of stamp duty on newly acquired property.
Brendan O'Connor
contributes a weekly write-up for the newspaper's front page. Prior to his death, former editor
Aengus Fanning
also contributed editorial material. When he was deputy editor Willie Kealy did.
Anne Harris
did. Jody Corcoran did.
The
Sunday Independent
has, historically, been quite hostile to the Irish
Labour Party
and social democratic policies; in the early 1990s, the paper singled out Labour politicians
Mary Robinson
(then serving as
President of Ireland
),
Dick Spring
and
Michael D. Higgins
for intense criticism.
[22]
[28]
The
Sunday Independent
also took a negative tone towards rival media outlets
RTE
and
The Irish Times
, objecting to perceived
left-wing
and pro-
nationalist
bias in these organisations.
[22]
The
Sunday Independent's
editorials came out strongly against
Martin McGuinness
's campaign to become
President of Ireland
in 2011, claiming McGuiness's IRA past made him unsuitable for the role: "
Those who contemplate voting for ... McGuinness should ask if, within the context of the murders committed by the IRA on our security forces, they are prepared to force our soldiers and gardai to salute President McGuinness with equally heavy hearts.
".
[29]
Print circulation
[
edit
]
Year (period)
|
Average circulation per issue
|
January to June 1999
[30]
|
|
June 2004 to January 2005
[31]
|
|
January to June 2012.
[32]
|
|
July to December 2012.
[33]
|
|
January to June 2016.
[34]
|
|
July to December 2016.
[35]
|
|
January to June 2017.
[36]
|
|
July to December 2017.
[37]
|
|
January to June 2018.
[38]
|
|
July to December 2018.
[39]
|
|
2023 (March)
[40]
|
|
In 2019,
Independent News & Media
exited the ABC auditing process.
[6]
Controversies
[
edit
]
The newspaper has been the source of many controversies over the years:
Bishop Casey controversy
[
edit
]
In 1993, the
Sunday Independent
advertised what was claimed as a "world exclusive" interview with Bishop
Eamon Casey
after he had fled Ireland following the revelation of his affair with Annie Murphy. However it was later revealed that Casey had refused to speak to the
Sunday Independent
and the "interview" was in fact a telephone recording of Casey speaking to a friend. The
Sunday Independent
later apologised for this incident, stating "
We are not satisfied the bishop was interviewed in any normal sense of the word
".
[22]
[41]
The Keane Edge
[
edit
]
The Keane Edge was a gossip column written by
Terry Keane
, a fashion journalist and estranged wife of former
Chief Justice of Ireland
,
Ronan Keane
. It was frequently the subject of successful libel actions by persons angered by accusations therein.
[22]
In it there were often hints of a relationship with a prominent political figure, named in the column as
Sweetie
. In 1999, it was revealed by Keane on the
RTE One
programme,
The Late Late Show
, that the figure had been the former
Taoiseach
,
Charles Haughey
. Keane gave the story as an exclusive to rival newspaper
The Sunday Times
, while still employed by
Independent News and Media
. She abruptly left the newspaper (amid much recriminations) and her column continued as
Not The Keane Edge
, soon renamed
The Double Edge
.
Mary Ellen Synon controversy
[
edit
]
Mary Ellen Synon
, a columnist with the newspaper, caused much controversy when she attacked the
Paralympic Games
as being "perverse", in an article of 22 October 2000. This became the subject of much public debate and lead to the columnist being criticised in the
Oireachtas (Irish Parliament)
. Initially, the editor,
Aengus Fanning
, defended the columnist, however he eventually issued an apology, after the then
health boards
threatened to withdraw advertising from the newspaper. Synon has not written for the newspaper since, although it was denied that she had been dismissed from the newspaper.
[42]
The 03 team
[
edit
]
The 03 (later 04) team were a group of young female journalists who appeared in the
Sunday Independent
during 2003 and early 2004. The articles, originally appearing in the
Living
supplement but soon promoted to the main section, comprised the various members of the team writing usually very poor quality short articles on a common subject. However, they were usually accompanied by a large colour group photo of the team posing scantily clad and very occasionally
topless
. Eventually the feature was dropped,
[43]
but not before the team had made a
television
appearance on the
RTE One
show
Open House
. They occasionally featured as a fantasy figure for fictional
Sunday Tribune
character
Ross O'Carroll-Kelly
.
Death of Liam Lawlor
[
edit
]
On 22 October 2005, the controversial Irish politician
Liam Lawlor
was killed in a road traffic accident in the
Khimki
district of
Moscow
during the early hours of Saturday morning. His driver was also killed in the accident, and a female passenger in the back seat of the car was slightly injured. The
Sunday Independent
edition of 23 October published a story on its front page, written by
Ciaran Byrne
,
Jody Corcoran
and
Nick Paton Walsh
, claiming that Lawlor's car had been travelling "from a
red-light district
" of Moscow and that police had claimed that the female passenger was a teenage girl who police claimed was "likely to be a prostitute". Reports later during Sunday revealed that the female passenger was actually a 32-year-old
Ukrainian
national who worked in
Prague
as a legal secretary and interpreter and who had worked in that role for Lawlor before during previous business trips to Russia.
[44]
As the furore over the accuracy of the article continued on the Sunday, the article disappeared from the front page of the newspaper's website (although it could still be accessed by specifying its
URL
), and the
PDF
copy of the front page of the newspaper (usually available on the website) was also taken down.
On Monday 24 October, the managing director of Independent Newspapers, Michael Denieffe, admitted in an interview on
RTE Radio 1
's lunchtime news programme,
News at One
, that the report had been "inaccurate" and apologised to the Lawlor family for the distress caused. The original article had by this point disappeared from the website entirely, and the PDF copy of the front page had reappeared on the website with the offending article blanked out.
[45]
Later that afternoon, the editor of the
Sunday Independent
, Aengus Fanning, also apologised to the Lawlor family and said that he "took full responsibility" for the inaccurate report.
[46]
There had been considerable outrage about the report during the day, with calls being made on phone-in radio programmes for a
boycott
of the newspaper unless the editor and others responsible for the report resigned or were sacked.
On Tuesday 25 October,
The Observer
, whose Moscow correspondent
Nick Paton Walsh
had been one of those by-lined in the original story, issued a statement acknowledging that there had been "serious discrepancies" in the article it had published (also claiming that the woman concerned was a prostitute), apologised for the distress caused, and removed the article from its website. In addition, Paton Walsh stated that he had had "no hand" in the drafting of the
Sunday Independent
article. Paton Walsh said that "an editor" in the
Sunday Independent
had contacted him on the Saturday seeking help to confirm reports that Mr Lawlor had died. Paton Walsh said that he had spoken with an official police spokesperson and relayed only the contents of three conversations with this same person to their news desk, saying that he had stressed that it was "only a possibility the girl was a prostitute".
[47]
It was reported on Wednesday 26 October that the interpreter, Julia Kushnir, was seeking apologies from those newspapers who had published erroneous reports that she was a prostitute, and that she was likely to sue for damages if the newspapers did not comply.
The controversy sparked a debate over press standards in Ireland, with the
Labour Party
Senator
Kathleen O'Meara
calling for the establishment of a Press Council to monitor standards in the print media.
[48]
The then Minister for Justice,
Michael McDowell
, stated that the print media coverage of Mr Lawlor's death was "grossly offensive, cruel and lacking in foundation and fact", and that defamation was not enough to deal with this kind of posthumous coverage. He said that legislation was being drafted to establish an appropriate press complaints council.
[49]
On 10 June 2006, the
Irish Times
reported that Kushnir was to sue
The Observer
, the
Sunday Independent
, the
Sunday Tribune
, the
Sunday World
, the
Irish Sunday Mirror
, and the
Irish Independent
over the erroneous claim that she was a prostitute.
[50]
On 6 November 2007, the four Irish newspapers agreed to pay Kushnir libel damages totalling €500,000 before libel proceedings began in the Irish High Court and lawyers for the four newspapers apologised in court for the offence caused.
The Observer
newspaper had earlier settled its libel action for approximately €100,000.
[51]
Death of Sgt. Tania Corcoran
[
edit
]
The
Sunday Independent
sparked another furore in March 2007 when the newspaper featured a front-page report of the death in childbirth of Garda Sergeant Tania Corcoran.
[52]
A headline noted that Sgt Corcoran was the wife of the ERU Garda who had fired a fatal shot in the Abbeylara siege, incensing friends and relatives of the couple.
[53]
Pat Finucane controversy
[
edit
]
The newspaper was sued by relatives of the murdered solicitor
Pat Finucane
over allegations that Finucane was a member of the
Provisional IRA
. Finucane was a solicitor who came to prominence due to successfully challenging the British Government over several important human rights cases in the 1980s.
[54]
He was shot fourteen times as he sat eating a meal at his
Belfast
home with his three children and wife, who was wounded in the attack.
[55]
His killer was a member of the
Ulster Defence Association
(UDA) and an informer called Ken Barrett.
[56]
The
Stevens Report
found that Pat Finucane was never a member of the
Provisional IRA
and that his death was the result of collusion between the UDA and members of the
Royal Ulster Constabulary
. The paper was sued by relatives of Finucane over comments made by their security correspondent Jim Cusack, and over an opinion piece written by the
Unionist
writer,
Ruth Dudley Edwards
who claimed that various "relatives, friends, associates and clients" of the Finucane had killed people. The paper was forced print an apology to the family of Finucane. The political magazine,
The Phoenix
, estimated that the libel action cost the
Sunday Independent
€500,000 in damages and legal costs
[57]
Supporting Bertie Ahern
[
edit
]
The newspaper strongly supported
Bertie Ahern
during the
2007 Irish general election
and continued to support him during his appearances before the
Mahon Tribunal
. Columnists
Eoghan Harris
and
Brendan O'Connor
have been particularly strong in supporting Ahern. In August 2007 Harris was appointed to
Seanad Eireann
by Ahern. At the same time as supporting Ahern, the newspaper has been strongly critical of
Taoiseach
,
Brian Cowen
. Several front-page articles, written by Jody Corcoran and
Daniel McConnell
, have accused him of mishandling the economy since the May 2007 election. According to McConnell's recent articles, Cowen has refused repeatedly to deal with
Sunday Independent
information requests.
Familial ties
[
edit
]
The
Sunday Independent
is noteworthy for the numerous familial ties within the publication.
Anne Harris
, is now editor of the
Sunday Independent
, her daughter Constance Harris writes for the newspaper as a fashion writer. Anne Harris is the former wife of
Eoghan Harris
who is an opinion columnist for the newspaper and she was the partner of the previous
Sunday Independent
editor, the late Aengus Fanning whose son Dion Fanning also writes for the newspaper as a sports writer covering soccer. Another of Fanning's sons, Evan also writes for the newspaper while his nephew, Brendan Fanning is rugby correspondent.
Sarah Caden and
Brendan O'Connor
, a married couple, are both columnists; however, they met while both were working for the
Sunday Independent
.
[58]
Shane Ross
is a former Business Editor of the
Sunday Independent
, he was succeeded by his son-in-law
Nick Webb
. Ironically, Ross was a frequent critic of nepotism, cronyism and under-performance in Irish companies, particularly the Smurfit family's influence
[59]
within the
Smurfit Group
despite the family status as minority shareholders.
[60]
Despite being a publicly listed company, the parent company Independent News and Media employed as its CEO
Gavin O'Reilly
whose father was the largest shareholder and Chairman
Tony O'Reilly
. Gavin O'Reilly was ousted as CEO after INM's share price collapsed and
Denis O'Brien
became the largest shareholder.
INM plc support and Denis O'Brien
[
edit
]
The Independent group has often been accused of supporting the business interests of the O'Reilly family and in particular the parent group INM plc.
Shane Ross
, business editor and columnist, in particular has repeatedly praised the performance of Independent News and Media and its largest shareholder
Tony O'Reilly
and refrained from commenting on the subsequent collapse in the INM share-price and
debt restructuring
. Denis O'Brien in contrast has been the frequent subject of critical comment, in particular when his business activities conflicted with the O'Reilly family.
In the 2001 battle for control of Eircom with then-largest shareholder Tony O'Reilly, the
Sunday Independent
wrote of the inevitability of the sale to O'Brien, writing "The Employee Share Option Trust (ESOT) has made its position clear: better dead than Denis. If they stick to this line it will be almost impossible for him to secure the votes needed to capture Eircom. Deadlock looms. And what happens if Valentia then walks away, leaving Denis as the highest bidder? Not yet likely, but possible. Sir Anthony is not going to pay a silly price for Eircom."
[61]
In a 2002 article headlined as
"tough questions for the INM board"
, Tony O'Reilly was referred to as the "noble Knight" by Shane Ross, who reminded shareholders of historic share-price performance and "good dividend" while referring to the "well-publicised woes of the Irish Times" and refraining from comment on the €400 million spent on
The Belfast Telegraph
. In 2006 he wrote glowingly of "success fuelled by global strategy"
[62]
and referred reverentially to O'Reilly "global nature of INM's earnings is surely its strength? Tony O'Reilly has exploited an enviable knack of targeting the right geographical zones with an uncanny anticipation of future trends."
While Denis O'Brien is often newsworthy, the
Sunday Independent
has paid particular attention to him when his business activities conflicted with Independent News Media. Denis O'Brien has perceived bias in the Independent Group's coverage and in a 2003 letter to Gavin O'Reilly wrote "As far as I am concerned, Independent News and Media have spent the last seven years trying to destroy my reputation. Some of the coverage of my affairs, both business and personal, in the
Sunday Tribune
,
Sunday Independent
,
Irish Independent
and
Evening Herald
have caused hurt and enormous damage to my reputation, not to mention the emotional distress suffered by my wife, Catherine and my family. I very much doubt whether you or your family could have survived a similar onslaught."
[63]
After this O'Brien began to build a personal stake in INM plc at huge cost
[
clarification needed
]
and in 2007 as O'Brien stepped up his criticism of the O'Reilly management Shane Ross labeled Denis O'Brien as a dissident shareholder and accused him of launching "a destabilisation strategy"
[64]
due to the critical report into INM's corporate governance. Ross also described the critics as "human stooges" and lauded the share price under O'Reilly, and looked forward to a "bright future"
"Shareholders in Independent Newspapers have never been better off. On Wednesday its stock stood at €3.66, close to its high. In the last year it has outperformed the Irish index. A record dividend is due to drop into shareholders' letterboxes . The stock yields 3.5 per cent. While the future looks bright, the past is dazzling. Any shareholder who invested €1,000 in the Indo's shares in 1973, when O'Reilly took over, will now have €580,000"
[64]
In a 2008 commentary on the INM plc AGM Shane Ross referred to O'Brien as "an ordinary, likeable bloke ... from a solid middle-class background" but a "little businessman" and "no star", and mocked his Malta residency, although not only was Chairman
Tony O'Reilly
a resident in an offshore tax haven (
Bahamas
) but 70% of CEO Gavin O'Reilly's remuneration was paid into an-off shore Jersey entity.
[65]
"Whatever the source of the obvious personal resentment which the man from Malta feels for Sir Anthony O'Reilly, this weekend let us show him some gratitude. He gave us shareholders a clear choice. In return we gave him an unambiguous verdict. Vacate the pitch." After Ross wrote the article the share price collapsed and the company was restructured, without attracting additional comment from Ross's column.
[66]
In 2009 in a phone call to Gavin O'Reilly, O'Brien, by then a 26% shareholder in INM, criticized O'Reilly's stewardship of the company and issued a series of ultimatums and threatened to call an extraordinary general meeting if not implemented. O'Brien's criticisms intensified, culminating with Mr O'Brien's threat to Mr O'Reilly: "I will destroy you and your father and I will go after everything."
[63]
Main writers
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"The page turns at INM as it ponders a digital future"
.
The Irish Times
.
Archived
from the original on 2 August 2019
. Retrieved
2 August
2019
.
- ^
"In praise of Gene Kerrigan as he pens his final regular column"
. 19 November 2023.
Archived
from the original on 14 February 2024
. Retrieved
14 February
2024
.
Left of centre, he stood up for the disadvantaged and sometimes was described as an odd fit by those who lazily perceived the Sunday Independent as a right-wing publication ? it was never that. It was, rather, a broad church.
- ^
"Sinn Fein's success shows revisionist history is dead"
.
IrishCentral.com
. 12 February 2020.
Archived
from the original on 17 February 2020
. Retrieved
17 February
2020
.
- ^
Finn, Christina (25 June 2016).
"RTE, the Indo and the Times were "very, very hostile" towards Sinn Fein: Pearse Doherty"
.
TheJournal.ie
.
Archived
from the original on 17 February 2020
. Retrieved
17 February
2020
.
- ^
"#GE2020: And in the final week it starts to get really interesting…"
. 27 July 2023.
Archived
from the original on 17 February 2020
. Retrieved
17 February
2020
.
- ^
a
b
"Irish Newspaper Circulation Jan?June 2019 Island of Ireland Report Print"
. 22 August 2019.
Archived
from the original on 23 November 2021
. Retrieved
22 August
2019
.
- ^
a
b
The Blackwell companion to modern Irish culture
Edited by W. J. McCormack. Wiley-Blackwell, 2001 (pp. 304?5).
ISBN
0-631-22817-9
- ^
"Hector Legge" (Obituary) in
The Times
, 11 November 1994.
- ^
James H. Matthews,
Voices: a life of Frank O'Connor
, Atheneum, 1983 (pp. 196?7, 360).
ISBN
0-689-11272-6
- ^
Irish Media: A Critical History since 1922
by John Horgan, Routledge, 2001.(p.105).
ISBN
0-415-21640-0
- ^
"Independent Newspapers' Appointments".
Irish Independent
, 2 February 1976, (p.4). Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^
Obituary of Michael Hand
Archived
3 March 2016 at the
Wayback Machine
by Alan Morgan.
The Independent
, 12 July 1997. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^
Horgan, 2001 (p. 107).
- ^
"
Sunday Independent
editor Aengus Fanning dies"
Archived
19 January 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
.
RTE News
, 17 January 2012.
- ^
a
b
c
Sunday Independent
editor Anne Harris departs after final edition
Archived
19 September 2020 at the
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Irish Times
, 21 December 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
- ^
IMN Unveils Sheahan and Bourke as new editors.
Archived
19 September 2020 at the
Wayback Machine
Irish Times
, 9 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^
"Alan English appointed as editor of Ireland's best-selling newspaper, the Sunday Independent"
.
Independent.ie
. 21 January 2020.
Archived
from the original on 5 July 2022
. Retrieved
5 July
2022
.
- ^
"Sunday Independent to launch new Northern Ireland edition"
. 14 October 2021.
Archived
from the original on 18 October 2021
. Retrieved
18 October
2021
.
- ^
"Making a "tabloid broadsheet" work", Michael Foley. Irish Times, 21 March 1997, p.6. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^
"
The absence of critical journalism is most obvious in the pages of the
Sunday Independent
. The paper is low on actual hard news content and instead places an emphasis on colour pieces or features. As well as promoting its "personality journalism", the newspaper dwells on the trials and tribulations of the elite personalities in Irish society
". Quoted in "Trivial Pursuits" by Eoin Devereux,
Magill
magazine, May 1998, (p.56).
- ^
Emily O'Reilly
,
Veronica Guerin-The Life and Death of a Crime Reporter
. Vintage, 1998 (p.73).
ISBN
0-09-976151-3
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
"No More Vanity Fare?" (Profile of the
Sunday Independent
) by Eddie Holt, David Quin and Catherine Logan.
Magill
Magazine, November 1997, (p.36-41).
- ^
"Independent.ie"
.
Independent.ie
.
Archived
from the original on 19 July 2022
. Retrieved
15 August
2022
.
- ^
GCN, Intern (29 August 2022).
"LGBTQ+ community and allies gather outside the Independent to protest anti-Trans media coverage"
.
Archived
from the original on 29 August 2022
. Retrieved
29 August
2022
.
- ^
a
b
The Troubles: Ireland's ordeal, 1966?1996, and the search for peace
by
Tim Pat Coogan
. London: Arrow, 1996 (p. 395).
ISBN
0-09-946571-X
- ^
"The SDLP leader John Hume still has some public explaining to do. ... Why has he refused to make any concession to Unionist difficulties on the whole question of the
Anglo-Irish Agreement
?"
Sunday Independent
editorial, quoted in "The lead for the leader writers",
Fortnight Magazine
, No. 271, March 1989, (p. 15).
- ^
Modernisation, crisis and culture in Ireland, 1969?1992
by Conor McCarthy. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000. (p. 220).
ISBN
1-85182-475-8
.
- ^
Emily O'Reilly, (p. 68).
- ^
"Penny drops on McGuinness". Editorial,
Sunday Independent
, 16 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^
"Good times begin to roll for hard-pressed newspaper sector"
.
The Irish Times
.
Archived
from the original on 16 November 2018
. Retrieved
16 March
2019
.
- ^
"|qdsearch|bytitle&type=ind&ref=91266|28062004|02012005 ABC"
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
"Irish Sunday Newspaper ABC Circulations, Jan?June 2012 ? SEO Ireland, Search Engine Optimisation, Media and Marketing Consulting"
.
ilevel.ie
. Archived from
the original
on 25 August 2012
. Retrieved
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2012
.
- ^
"Sunday Newspapers ABC July?Dec 2012 ? SEO Ireland, Search Engine Optimisation, Media and Marketing Consulting"
.
ilevel.ie
. Archived from
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on 25 February 2013
. Retrieved
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2013
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Further reading
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
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