Sulfur tetrachloride

Sulfur tetrachloride
Names
	IUPAC name Sulfur(IV) chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	13451-08-6 ;
3D model ( JSmol )	Interactive image ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.149.178
PubChem CID	13932016 ;
CompTox Dashboard ( EPA )	DTXSID20552819 ;
	InChI InChI=1/Cl4S/c1-5(2,3)4 ;
	SMILES ClS(Cl)(Cl)Cl ;
Properties
Chemical formula	SCl 4
Molar mass	173.87
Appearance	White powder
Melting point	?31 °C (?24 °F; 242 K)
Boiling point	?20 °C (?4 °F; 253 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	soluble in water
Hazards
	GHS labelling :
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314 , H400
Precautionary statements	P260 , P264 , P273 , P280 , P301+P330+P331 , P303+P361+P353 , P304+P340 , P305+P351+P338 , P310 , P321 , P363 , P391 , P405 , P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Sulfur tetrachloride is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SCl ₄. It has only been obtained as an unstable pale yellow solid. The corresponding SF ₄ is a stable, useful reagent.

Preparation and structure [ edit ]

It is obtained by treating sulfur dichloride with chlorine at 193 K:

{\begin{matrix}{}\\{\ce {{SCl2}+Cl2->[{\text{193 K}}]SCl4}}\\{}\end{matrix}}

( 1 )

It melts with simultaneous decomposition above ?20 °C. ^[1]

Its solid structure is uncertain. It is probably the salt SCl ₃⁺Cl ^?, since related salts are known with noncoordinating anions . ^[2]^[3] In contrast to this tetrachloride, SF ₄ is a neutral molecule. ^[4]

Reactions [ edit ]

It decomposes above ?30 °C (242 K) to sulfur dichloride and chlorine.

{\begin{matrix}{}\\{\ce {SCl4->[{\text{-15 }}^{\circ }{\ce {C}}]{SCl2}+Cl2}}\\{}\end{matrix}}

( 2 )

It hydrolyzes readily:

{\ce {{SCl4}+ H2O -> {SOCl2}+ {2HCl}}}

( 3 )

Sulfur tetrachloride reacts with water, producing hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide through the hydrolysis process. Thionyl chloride is an implied intermediate. ^[5]

{\ce {{SCl4}+ 2H2O -> {SO2}+ {4HCl}}}

( 4 )

Oxidized by nitric acid :

{\ce {{SCl4}+ {2HNO3}+ 2H2O -> {H2SO4}+ 2NO2 (^) + {4HCl}}}

( 5 )

References [ edit ]

^ Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Praparativen Anorganischen Chemie . (in German)
^ Greenwood, Norman N. ; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann . ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 .
^ Christian, Beverly H.; Collins, Michael J.; Gillespie, Ronald J.; Sawyer, Jeffery F. "Preparations, Raman spectra, and crystal structures of (SCl ₃)(SbCl ₆), (SeCl ₃)(SbCl ₆), (SBr _1.2Cl _1.8)(SbCl ⁶), (TeCl ₃)(AlCl ₄) (triclinic modification), (TeCl ₃)(SbF ₆), (TeCl ₃)(AsF ₆), and (TeF ₃) ₂(SO ₄)" Inorganic Chemistry 1986, volume 25, 777-88. doi : 10.1021/ic00226a012
^ Goettel, J. T., Kostiuk, N. and Gerken, M. (2013), The Solid-State Structure of SF ₄: The Final Piece of the Puzzle . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52: 8037?8040. doi : 10.1002/anie.201302917
^ Holleman-Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 101. Auflage, de Gruyter Verlag 1995 ISBN 3-11-012641-9 (in German)

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[brauer-1] Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Praparativen Anorganischen Chemie . (in German)

[2] Greenwood, Norman N. ; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann . ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 .

[3] Christian, Beverly H.; Collins, Michael J.; Gillespie, Ronald J.; Sawyer, Jeffery F. "Preparations, Raman spectra, and crystal structures of (SCl ₃)(SbCl ₆), (SeCl ₃)(SbCl ₆), (SBr _1.2Cl _1.8)(SbCl ⁶), (TeCl ₃)(AlCl ₄) (triclinic modification), (TeCl ₃)(SbF ₆), (TeCl ₃)(AsF ₆), and (TeF ₃) ₂(SO ₄)" Inorganic Chemistry 1986, volume 25, 777-88. doi : 10.1021/ic00226a012

[Goettel-4] Goettel, J. T., Kostiuk, N. and Gerken, M. (2013), The Solid-State Structure of SF ₄: The Final Piece of the Puzzle . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52: 8037?8040. doi : 10.1002/anie.201302917

[5] Holleman-Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 101. Auflage, de Gruyter Verlag 1995 ISBN 3-11-012641-9 (in German)

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